Digital Commons Network^™

Preferred Plants And Nectar Collecting Times For Honey Production, David Macfawn, Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe, Sophie Warny, Carol Wymer, June Rampy Ponder

Clemson Extension Publishing

This book addresses three important questions for South Carolina beekeepers – which plants are bees in South Carolina using for nectar forage, when bees collect nectar from those plants, and how can understanding nectar foraging habits inform beekeepers as they work to gather specific types of premium honey? In 2021, the South Carolina Beekeeper’s Association, led by David MacFawn, designed and implemented a statewide pollen study, the first in any state in over fifty years, to answer these questions. Informed by data gathered from 19 apiaries across the state, this book contains the results of that study, including large-scale melissopalynological …

Healthcare Administration Within Free Medical Clinics And The Impacts On The Sustainable Development Goals, Saneywongse Le Mar

Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being

No abstract provided.

Covid-19-Related Beliefs And Dietary Behaviors Of American Undergraduate Students Vary By Race Via The Lens Of The Health Belief Model, Doreen Liou, Jong Min Lee

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

The COVID-19 pandemic caused immense physical disruptions, affecting young adults in the U.S. The Health Belief Model is a social psychological framework that predicts the likelihood of adopting health behavior. The purpose of this research is to investigate COVID-19-related health beliefs and dietary behaviors among undergraduate students during the pandemic. Using convenience sampling, a cross-sectional survey was completed by 304 individuals at a New Jersey state university. Survey data included the frequency of COVID-19 prevention behaviors (e.g., wearing an indoor mask, handwashing), and consumption of fruit and vegetables. The Health Belief Model constructs measured perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, severity, benefits, …

Protein Supplementation, Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids, And Insulin Resistance In Postmenopausal Women: An Ancillary Study From The Supplemental Protein To Outsmart Osteoporosis Now (Spoon) Trial, Jessica Dauz Bihuniak, Alessandra Byer, Christine A. Simpson, Rebecca R. Sullivan, Josephine M. Dudzik, Karl L. Insogna, Jeannette M. Beasley

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Background/Objectives: Studies have reported an increased risk of type 2 diabetes among people with higher protein intake. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are reported to be positively associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, it is not understood whether elevated levels of BCAA are causal to IR development, or if higher BCAA are a marker of IR. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of long-term protein and carbohydrate supplementation on plasma BCAA levels, and the relationship between plasma BCAA and IR in postmenopausal women. Methods: Stored samples and data from 84 postmenopausal women who participated in a …

Effect Of Traditional Versus Fenceline Weaning On Lamb Stress, Emma N. Sutton

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Stress is a significant factor affecting the health, behavior, and performance of sheep in production settings. Most lambs go through artificial weaning, and this is a stressful time in a lamb’s life. Stress can negatively affect growth rates, feed efficiency, and susceptibility to illness and parasites. The traditional and most common method of weaning is the abrupt separation of lambs from their dams. An alternative method of weaning, fenceline weaning, has been found to reduce stress in cattle and may also reduce stress in sheep. The objectives of this study were to evaluate body weights, fecal egg counts, and behavior …

Administration Of An Anti-Inflammatory Diet Plus Anti-Pd-1 Slows Renal Cancer Progression In Mice, Lucius Breazeale, Lyse Norian, Kimberlyn Bartlett

Expo Student Presentations

2025 Summer Expo Poster Presentation

• Biological & Life Sciences

Attitudes Towards Insects: An Attempt To Change Negative Attitudes To Neutral Or Positive, Christina Chapman

Department of Entomology: Distance Master of Science Projects

Purpose and Summary

The purpose of this project was to examine whether negative attitudes towards insects could be changed in children after learning about them in a safe and enjoyable environment. At the start of this project, I was a science teacher in an urban middle school, where most students were neither fond of nor interested in insects. This experience shaped my project: I wanted to change attitudes from negative to positive, transforming “eww gross, kill it!” into “let it live; it has a job to do.” Through my studies in the entomology program, my belief that insects are highly …

Studying The Population Dynamics Of Nslab And Their Influence On Spores During Cheese Ripening, Rakesh Kaushik, Sanjeev Anand

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

Cheese ripening involves microbial changes, with starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) initiat- ing fermentation and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) driving flavor and texture development. However, heat-resistant spores of Clostridium and Bacillus can survive pas- teurization and cause spoilage during ripening. This study evaluated NSLAB dynamics in the presence of spores during cheese ripening. Cheddar cheese samples at pilot-scale level (110 L) with four treatments, namely control, with spores of B. licheniformis (T1), with spores of Cl. tyrobutyricum (T2), and both spores (T3) at 2.0 Log10 CFU/mL, were ripened at 7 ◦C for six months. SLAB declined from 8.0 to …

A Child With Severe Pneumonia Cannot Feed, Causing Malnutrition: Exploring Health Worker And Caregiver Perspectives And Practices For Mitigating Malnutrition Among Children With Severe Pneumonia, A Case Of Uganda, Damalie Nalwanga, Robert Opoka, Andrew Sentoogo Ssemata, Lawrence Kakooza, Andrew Kiggwe, Victor Musiime, Sarah Kiguli

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Severe pneumonia remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Severe pneumonia causes death during hospitalization, and survivors are prone to malnutrition after discharge from the hospital. The World Health Organization and United Nations International Children’s Fund recommend ‘continued’ feeding following a severe pneumonia illness without specific recommendations on nutritional support. This recommendation could influence health workers’ and caregivers’ nutritional practices. This study aimed to explore the perspectives and practices of health workers and caregivers for mitigating malnutrition among children with severe pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study between June and November 2021 among …

Effectiveness Of A Telephone-Delivered Walk With Ease Program On Arthritis-Related Symptoms, Function, And Activity: A Randomized Trial, Christine Pellegrini Ph.D., Sara Wilcox Phd, Yesil Kim, Scott Jamieson, Katherine Devivo, Daniel Heidtke

Faculty Publications

Objective

Walk With Ease (WWE) is a six-week arthritis-appropriate evidence-based physical activity program traditionally offered in a face-to-face format. Because many populations encounter participation barriers to in-person programs, WWE was modified for telephone delivery (WWE-T). The short- and long-term effects of this program on physical activity and arthritis-related outcomes were examined.

Methods

Participants (n = 267) with arthritis were randomized to WWE-T or a wait list control. WWE-T participants received two telephone calls per week (one group and one individual call) for six weeks. Group calls focused on arthritis education and social support. Individual calls focused on problem-solving and goal …

Cazyme Gene Cluster Diversity In Human Gut Microbiome, Yi Xing

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In gut microbiome research, carbohydrate-active enzyme gene clusters (CGCs) have emerged as key functional units for understanding microbial glycan degradation. Unlike taxonomic or broad pathway annotations, CGCs offer gene-cluster-level resolution and capture substrate-specific microbial functions. However, their diversity and distribution in relation to host metabolic phenotypes, such as obesity, remain poorly characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that the composition and abundance of fiber-targeting CGCs vary between obese and healthy human gut microbiomes, reflecting distinct microbial carbohydrate utilization strategies. To examine this, we constructed a high-quality reference CGC dataset comprising 94,019 clusters from the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome and profiled …

Overcoming Maternal Antibody Interference In Swine Influenza: Advancing Dna Vaccine Strateies For Enhanced Immune Protection In Piglets, Danh Cong Lai

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) play a vital role in protecting neonates from infectious diseases, but their presence at the time of vaccination can interfere with vaccine-induced immune responses, thereby reducing vaccine effectiveness. MDA interference has been documented in pigs vaccinated with whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines against swine influenza A virus (IAV). In this thesis, we evaluated the efficacy of a lipid nanoparticle encapsulated DNA (LNP-DNA) vaccine against swine IAV in the presence and absence of MDAs, comparing it to a WIV vaccine. In MDA-negative piglets, both the LNP-DNA and WIV vaccines induced strong immune responses and effectively prevented the …

Primary Investigation Of Rice-Fish Co-Culture: Investigating The Feasibility Of Raising Fish In Flooded Rice Paddies In The Southern Usa, Yulin Jia, Aaron K. Jackson, Bartholomew Green, S. Adam Fuller, Heather Box, Laduska Sells, Candis Ray, Paxton Harper, Brennan Smith

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

With limited land and water resources available it has become critical to maximize output for agricultural products while maintaining sustainable farming practices. Ricefish co-culture can be used to maximize limited land and water resources for production of rice and fish concurrently and reduce the need of chemical inputs. While rice-fish co-culture has been practiced in Asia for centuries, very few studies have examined the feasibility and economic impact of rice fish co-culture in the U.S.A. Two studies were conducted in Stuttgart, Arkansas, U.S.A. from 2023-2024 to investigate the suitability of raising Koi carp in flooded rice paddies with a sushi …

Novel Approaches To Combat Neuro-Degradation: Investigations Of Two Supplemental Strategies Aimed At Improving Warfighter Performance, Blaine Lints

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the efficacy of two distinct nutritional supplementation strategies for improving physical and/or cognitive performance under stress. The first study investigated the effects of 150 mg caffeine plus 150 mg theacrine ingestion in tactically trained individuals. Results indicated that the combination of caffeine and theacrine was associated with significant improvements in reaction time, accuracy, and measures of ocular control following high-intensity interval (HII) exercise. The HII exercise protocol consisted of ten repetitions of 60s high-intensity intervals (≥90% maximal oxygen uptake [VO_2max]) followed by 120s low-intensity intervals (~40% VO_2max) on a treadmill. These benefits were …

Two Spectroscopy Devices Can Approximate Fruit And Vegetable Intake In A Racially And Ethnically Diverse Sample, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Qiang Wu, Melissa N Laska, Nancy E Moran

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Assessing fruit and vegetable intake is important to determine the effectiveness of nutrition intervention studies. Few objective measures of fruit and vegetable intake have been directly compared within the same study participants.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the relative validity of 2 different skin spectrophotometry devices to serve as biomarkers of plasma carotenoid concentrations, self-reported fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), and carotenoid intake, to examine if both devices can be used to approximate FVI.

Methods: Human skin carotenoid scores (SCS, Veggie Meter-assessed) and color space measurement data from 2 prior studies were used. Participants' skin color space parameters …

A Brief Guide To Statistical Analysis Of Grouped Data In Preclinical Research, Colby J Vorland, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Clustering and nesting (C&N) arise in many preclinical studies such as when animals are group-housed, share litters, or in cell culture. Ignoring C&N undermines the validity of analyses. We explain how C&N arise and valid designs and analyses.

The Diabetes Prevention Program And Its Outcomes Study: Niddk's Journey Into The Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes And Its Public Health Impact, Jill P Crandall, Dana Dabelea, William C Knowler, David M Nathan, Marinella Temprosa, Dpp Research Group

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The current-day epidemic of type 2 diabetes, largely driven by increased adiposity and reduced physical activity in the setting of genetic susceptibility, is a major public health challenge. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) presciently proposed the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter randomized clinical trial, designed by investigators in conjunction with NIDDK staff and initiated in 1996. The primary goal of DPP was to determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) or metformin in comparison with placebo would reduce the development of diabetes in a high-risk population with prediabetes. After mean 2.8 years, ILS …

To Pause With A Cliffhanger Or A Temporary Closure? The Differential Impact Of Serial Versus Episodic Narratives On Children's Physical Activity Behaviors, Amy Shirong Lu, Melanie C Green, Caio Victor Sousa, Jungyun Hwang, I-Min Lee, Debbe Thompson, Tom Baranowski

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Research has supported the effectiveness of narratives for promoting health behavior, but different narrative presentation formats (serial vs. episodic) have seldom been compared. Suspense theories suggest that serial narratives, which do not provide a full resolution at the end of an episode, may create higher motivation for continued engagement with a story. Forty-four 8 to 12-year-old children were randomly assigned to watch an animation series designed for an existing active video game in which the plot was delivered either continuously across multiple episodes (serial) or in multiple yet relatively independent self-contained episodes (episodic). Controlling for social desirability, children who watched …

L-Quebrachitol Modulates The Anti-Convulsant Effects Of Carbamazepine Possibly Through Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blocking Mechanism In Chicks: In Vivo And In Silico Studies, Asifa Asrafi, Mohammad Aslam, Ali G. Alkhathami, Md. Sakib Hossain, Imam Hossen Rakib, Md. Sakib Al Hasan, Feroz Khan Nun, Md. Faisal Amin, Muhammad Torequl Islam

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction: L-Quebrachitol (LQB), a naturally occurring bioactive compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties. However, its therapeutic potential in convulsant management remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of LQB in an In Vivo model and to examine its molecular interactions via In Silico docking simulations.

Methods: In the In Vivo study, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 80 mg/kg to induce convulsions, and the test animals were treated orally with three doses of LQB (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), with carbamazepine (CBZ) at 80 mg/kg as a standard drug.

Results: …

Heat Shock Induces Alternative Polyadenylation Through Dynamic Dna Methylation And Chromatin Looping, Emily E Fink, Yi Zhang, Briana Santo, Anwita Siddavatam, Rosie Ou, Vishal Nanavaty, Byron H Lee, Angela H Ting

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a gene regulatory mechanism used by cells under stress to upregulate proteostasis-promoting transcripts, but how cells achieve this remains poorly understood. Previously, we elucidated a DNA methylation-regulated APA mechanism, in which gene body DNA methylation enhances distal poly(A) isoform expression by blocking CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding and chromatin loop formation at APA control regions. We hypothesized that DNA methylation-regulated APA is one mechanism cells employ to induce proteostasis-promoting poly(A) isoforms. At the DNAJB6 cochaperone locus, acute heat shock resulted in binding of stress response transcription factors heat shock factor 1, ATF6, and YY1 at …

Seasonal And Landscape-Driven Variations In Forage Resources Of Apis Mellifera Scutellata: Implications For Pollination Sustainability And Colony Health In Taita Taveta County, Kenya, Mary Chege, Mbatha B. Wambua, Wambua J. Kilonzo, Sevgan Subramanian, Beatrice T. Nganso

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Seasonality and land-use change are key factors influencing forage availability for managed honey bee colonies, yet knowledge of forage identity and how these factors influence forage availability remains limited in Africa. To address these gaps, we used DNA metabarcoding to identify nectar and pollen plant species supporting the nutrition of the African savannah honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata, across different land-use/land cover types and seasons in Taita Taveta County, Kenya. We identified 224 forage plant species from 65 families, with Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Myrtaceae being the top contributors. Forage availability was significantly influenced by landscape and season, with honey bees …

Academic Wellness In Health Professional Students: The Intersection Between Dietary Attitudes And Behaviors, Sleep Quality, And Mental Health, Kenya Shereece Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Academic success is strongly influenced by student well-being, with nutrition, sleep, and mental health emerging as critical and interconnected components. Health profession students often face significant mental and physical demands, as they navigate their educational training, which can challenge their ability to maintain healthy behaviors and access necessary support. Although these students are often trained to recognize, treat, and promote wellness in others, they may struggle to prioritize or seek care for themselves. This work aims to explore the health behaviors and care-seeking patterns of health profession students, with a focus on dietary habits, sleep, and barriers to mental health …

Investigating Mechanisms And Day-Level Factors That Influence Children’S 24-Hour Movement Behaviors, Hannah Parker

Theses and Dissertations

Twenty-four hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep) are associated with health outcomes, chronic disease (obesity, type 2 diabetes), and mortality. Most literature evaluating children’s 24-hour movement behaviors has focused on static person-level demographic information such as age or biological sex. Relatively less work has examined the variable factors that change day to day, such as environment or context. The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) suggests that when children are in structured environments, they have healthier movement behaviors compared to less structured environments where children have more discretionary time to engage in obesogenic behaviors. Besides school/childcare, …

Blue Light Is A Key Factor In Regulating Stomatal Movement, Transpiration Rate And Aba Metabolism Under Varying Vapour Pressure, Sheona Noemi Innes, Sara Brunborg Jakobsen, Rikke Bryn Røsåsen, Haider Ali, Knut Asbjørn Solhaug, Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen, Sissel Torre

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and blue light (BL) are import signals for stomatal regulation and highly relevant during cultivation of economically important crops such as cucumber in controlled environments. However, the information about combined effects of VPD and BL and the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in this respect, is limited and seems to vary between species. This study investigated how moderate (1.12 kPa) or low (0.28 kPa) VPD combined with 5% or 30% BL affect the foliar ABA metabolism, transpiration rate, nutrient uptake, and growth in well-watered cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus ‘Quatro’). Additional BL, regardless of VPD, resulted in …

Dynamic Microbiome Responses To Structurally Diverse Anthocyanin-Rich Foods In A Western Diet Context, Mohammed F. Almatani, Giovanni Rompato, Eliza C. Stewart, Marcus Hayden, Jeremy Case, Samuel Rice, Korry J. Hintze, Abby D. Benninghoff

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Student Research

Background/Objectives: Anthocyanin (ACN)-rich foods are known to influence the gut microbiota composition, but the temporal dynamics and structural specificity of these effects remain poorly understood. This study investigated how distinct ACN-rich fruit supplements impact the gut microbiome over time in the context of a Western-style diet. We hypothesized that ACN-induced microbial shifts would occur rapidly, differ by ACN source, and require continued intake to persist. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed the total Western diet (TWD) supplemented with freeze-dried powders from bilberry (BB), tart cherry (TC), chokeberry (CB), elderberry (EB), black currant (BC), or black raspberry (BRB) for 0, 1, 3, …

Basic Rabbit Selection And Breeding Considerations, Joseph Okoh, Jessie Hadfield

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is designed to assist rabbit producers in understanding breed selection for a profitable enterprise. It can also serve as a training tool for new producers, aiding them in breed selection and breeding practices.

Autologous T Cell Therapy For Prame, Martin Wermke, Dejka M Araujo, Manik Chatterjee, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Tobias A W Holderried, Amir A Jazaeri, Ran Reshef, Carsten Bokemeyer, Winfried Alsdorf, Katrin Wetzko, Peter Brossart, Katrin Aslan, Linus Backert, Sebastian Bunk, Jens Fritsche, Swapna Gulde, Silvana Hengler, Norbert Hilf, Mohammad B Hossain, Jens Hukelmann, Mamta Kalra, Delfi Krishna, M Alper Kursunel, Dominik Maurer, Andrea Mayer-Mokler, Regina Mendrzyk, Ali Mohamed, Karine Pozo, Arun Satelli, Marilena Letizia, Heiko Schuster, Oliver Schoor, Claudia Wagner, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Carsten Reinhardt, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja, Steffen Walter, Toni Weinschenk, Jason J Luke, Cedrik M Britten

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In contrast to chimeric antigen receptor T cells, T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells can target intracellular tumor-associated antigens crucial for treating solid tumors. However, most trials published so far show limited clinical activity. Here we report interim data from a first-in-human, multicenter, open-label, 3 + 3 dose-escalation/de-escalation phase 1 trial studying IMA203, an autologous preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME)-directed TCR T cell therapy in HLA-A*02+ patients with PRAME+ recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors, including melanoma and sarcoma. Primary objectives include the evaluation of safety and tolerability and the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended dose …

Microbial Biosensor For Sensing And Treatment Of Intestinal Inflammation, Duolong Zhu, Jeffrey Galley, Jason Pizzini, Elena Musteata, Martin V Douglas, Walter J Chazin, Eric P Skaar, Jeffrey J Tabor, Robert A Britton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Synthetic biology has enabled the development of biosensors to detect intestinal inflammation, yet few target the clinically validated biomarker of intestinal inflammation calprotectin with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Here, an optimized calprotectin biosensor is presented that leverages a zinc uptake regulator (Zur) controlled promoter coupled with a memory circuit to detect and record intestinal inflammation in vivo. The level of biosensor activation strongly correlates with calprotectin levels in the colon of two independent mouse models of colitis. Coupling of the biosensor with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 allowed for the resolution of chemically induced colitis, demonstrating the …

Unfolding The Mystery Of Autoimmunity: The Environmental Determinants Of Diabetes In The Young (Teddy) Study, Marian Rewers, Daniel Agardh, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Ezio Bonifacio, Helena Elding Larsson, Patricia Gesualdo, William Hagopian, Michael J Haller, Heikki Hyöty, Randi Johnson, Richard Mcindoe, Eoin Mckinney, Jessica Melin, Åke Lernmark, Richard E Lloyd, Kristian F Lynch, Jill M Norris, Stephen S Rich, Roswith Roth, Desmond Schatz, Jorma Toppari, Eric Triplett, Kendra Vehik, Suvi M Virtanen, Anette-G Ziegler, Beena Akolkar, Jeffrey P Krischer, Teddy Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In 2025, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health celebrates 75 years of leadership in diabetes research. The NIDDK serves people of the U.S. affected by or at risk for many chronic diseases, including diabetes and other endocrine, metabolic, and digestive disorders, by funding innovative research to develop better treatment and prevention and a cure for these conditions. Autoimmunity that leads to type 1 diabetes or celiac disease or thyroid autoimmunity affects 1 in 20 children and adolescents in the U.S. While treatments are available, prevention of these common autoimmune …

Functional Regulation Of Macrophages By Ces1d-Mediated Lipid Signaling In Immunometabolism, Long J Shao, Fathima Elizondo, Feng Gao, Rabie Habib, Xin Li, Katherine Pham, Jazmin Ysaguirre, Maryam Elizondo, Shirindokht Shirazi, Kristin L Eckel-Mahan, Sean Hartig, Huaizhu Wu, Kai Sun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Macrophage accumulation in metabolically active tissues during obesity is common in both animals and humans, but the lipid signaling mechanisms that trigger macrophage inflammation remain unclear. This study investigates the role of Ces1d, an unconventional lipase, in regulating macrophage inflammation under nutritional stress.

Methods: A myeloid-specific Ces1d knockout (LysM-Cre-Ces1d floxed/floxed, KO) mouse model was used for the studies. For in vitro tests, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from control (Ces1d floxed/floxed, WT) and KO mice were assessed for migration, polarization, and activation. For in vivo experiments, WT and KO mice were induced to obesity via a high-fat diet (HFD) and …