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Vivisection And Misanthropy, George P. Cave

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author comments on several articles in the media that imply or state that antivivisectionists are misanthropes who like animals more than people. The author notes that one commentator mistakenly claims that Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation, equates animals and people. Singer does not claim that animals and people should be treated identically. Instead, Singer argues that animals and people are entitled to equal consideration of their interests. Different treatments will be justified if there are relevant differences between animals and people.

Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adopting alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside the biomedical community. This paper aimed to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Chemical safety testing is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporating alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to the limitations of alternatives in use currently, there is still a considerable need for …

The Potential Role Of Local Ethical Committees In The Moderation Of Experiments On Animals In Britain, D. P. Britt

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Scientists working with laboratory animals in Britain are made aware forcibly that a severe ethical dilemma surrounds using animals in experiments. Certain vociferous sections of the community press the issue on the general public's attention, and media sources tend to propagate views expressed by the most extreme parties while neglecting coverage of mature, rational opinions. It is, perhaps, no bad thing for the scientific community to be frequently reminded to take a responsible attitude to the use of animals. Still, recent overt, even illegal, activity on the part of extremist animal protectionist groups has encouraged a regrettable polarization of viewpoints, …

Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth

Experimentation Collection

This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists, specifically pharmacologists and toxicologists, on the use of laboratory animals and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for the development and evaluation of pharmaceutical substances. The majority of those surveyed felt that the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests, but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of nonsentient material in safety tests.

The Potential Role Of Local Ethical Committees In The Moderation Of Experiments On Animals In Britain, D. P. Britt

Experimentation Collection

Scientists working with laboratory animals in Britain are made aware forcibly that a serious ethical dilemma surrounds the use of animals in experiments. Certain vociferous sections of the community press the issue on the attention of the general public and media sources tend to propagate views expressed by the most extreme parties, while neglecting coverage of mature, rational opinion. It is, perhaps no bad thing for the scientific community to be frequently reminded to take a responsible attitude to the use of animals but recent overt, even illegal, activity on the part of extremist animal protectionist groups has encouraged a …

Psychology And Its Animal Subjects, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

By way of introducing Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PsyETA) to readers of the journal, I have been asked to make some comments about the organization and, from a personal point of view, to suggest some of my own positions and views.

Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi

Experimentation Collection

Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adoption of alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside of the biomedical community. The purpose of this paper was to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Safety testing of chemicals is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporation of alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to limitations of alternatives in use currently, there …

Report No 58 - 1982 - Review Of Rainfall And Wetlands In The South-West Of Western Australia, J. A.K. Lane, D. R. Munro

Fisheries Research Reports

An account is given of involved the biological principles in decisions concerning duck-shooting seasons in the south-west of western Australia.

Conditions for waterfowl during 1982 are described through the use of rainfall statistics and data obtained from the Department's wetland monitoring programme.

1982 was characterized by exceptionally high rainfall in January and well-below average from February to October.

1982 was the seventh consecutive year of below-average rainfall in all five Meteorological of the south-west. 1976 to 1982 has thus been the south-west's driest seven-year period for more than seventy years.

The record-breaking rains of January caused widespread flooding in the …

Furunculosis And Other Diseases Caused By Aeromonas Salmonicida, G. L. Bullock, R. C. Cipriano, S. F. Snieszko

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Aeromonas salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that usually produces a water-soluble brown pigment. It was first described by Emmerich and Weibel (1890) as the cause of salmonid furunculosis in Germany. Although the disease was first considered to be limited to salmonids, studies by the Furunculosis Committee (Mackie et al. 1930, 1933, 1935) showed that A. salmonicida also infected other fish species. Present indications are that A. salmonicida or its variants also produce other diseases, such as ulcerative disease of goldfish (Carassius auratus), erythrodermatitis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), ulcer disease of trout, and systemic infections among …

1983 Annual Report

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

1983 was another interesting year for the staff of our unit, our clientele and for those of us involved in administration.

On the agricultural front, the fall and winter of 1982 and the spring of 1983 were very wet; while July, August, and September were very, very hot and dry.

The PIK (Payment In Kind) added a dimension of uncertainty, but did have a positive effect on prices. Over 50% of the cropland was retired in some of the counties in southeast Nebraska.

Unfavorable economic conditions strained the financial stability of many farmers and businesses in our district. Unemployment climbed …

Genetic And Biochemical Analysis Of The Bryan Strain Of Rous Sarcoma Virus, Teena Louise Lerner

Student Theses and Dissertations

Integration of Rous sarcoma virus DNA into its host genome was analyzed under conditions where secondary integration via virus spread was inhibited. This was accomplished by using the noninfectious pol^-, env^- alpha variant of the Bryan high titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus (BH-RSV). Twelve independent BHRSV-transformed chicken embryo fibroblast clones were obtained and the provirus-cell junction fragments were mapped by restriction endonuclease cleavage and Southern blotting analyses. We found that expression of the viral genes could occur after proviral integration at many sites on the chicken genome and that there was no apparent preference for specific …

A Transmembrane Precursor Of Secretory Component, Keith Elliot Mostov

Student Theses and Dissertations

Secretory component (SC), a glycoprotein associated with polymeric IgA and IgM (pIg) in external secretions, is produced by certain epithelial cells and is thought to be the receptor mediating the transcellular transport of pIg. We studied the biosynthesis and processing of rabbit and human SC. Using translation of mRNA from rabbit mammary gland and liver in a cell-free system supplemented with dog pancreas microsomal vesicles, we discovered that the translation products of rabbit SC include at least four polypeptides. Moreover, we found that all four polypeptides are synthesized not as soluble secretory forms, but as larger transmembrane forms that are …

Maternal Ethanol Consumption: Glycoproteins And Gangliosides Of The Central Nervous System In The Rat Offspring, Antonio Blavatsky Caesar Noronha

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Effects On Iron And Cobalt On Methane Production From Dairy Cattle Manure, Mark E. Himes

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The effects of iron and cobalt on methanogenesis from dairy cattle manure were studied. Four-liter digestors with 3-liter working volumes were charged daily with dairy manure (4.5% W/V volatile solids) to achieve a 3-day retention time. Digestors were incubated at 37°C and pH 7.0 on a rotary shaker. Duplicate digestors were maintained under the following parameters: controls (no ions added), Co⁺⁺ at 4.958 mg/liter, Fe⁺⁺ at 20.64 mg/liter and Fe⁺⁺ and Co⁺⁺ at above stated final digestor concentrations.

Significantly higher production of biogas and methane occurred with the addition of iron (p = .05). Iron-amended digestors …

Survey Of Fungi Associated With Diseased Lupin Roots, M Sweetingham

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Survey of fungi associated with diseased lupin-roots. Cylindrocarpon was only encountered on the south coast (Albany and Esperance districts). The isolates were identified as c. didymum and c. destructans. At certain sites in the two northern districts (Geraldton and Moora) a distinct type of disorder, characterised by reddish-brown coloured lesions which develop on the below ground portion of the hypocotyl, was observed. 2. Assessment of lupin root disease in lupin permanent disease nurseries – 78WH20, 78BA51, 78C34, 78MT38, 80E21. 3. Effect of fungicide drenches on lupin root rots – 83MT17, 83WH9. 4. Mini plot seed treatment trials on lupins …

A Nutritional And Morphological Study Of Two Cyanobacteria Free Azolla Ferns, Michael Paul Bonner

Theses and Dissertations

The symbiotic association between the aquatic water fern Azolla and its symbiont, Anabaena azollae Straus. has been extensively studied in the past ten years. The cyanobacteria has received much of the attention due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen while the fern free of the cyanobiont has been somewhat neglected. The purpose of this research was to determine the nutritional requirements of the cyanobacteria free (CBF) ferns and study the morphology of the leaves and branches of these CBF ferns.

Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata were freed of the cyanobiont using the surface sterilization technique adopted from Duckett, et …

Enteric Infections In Stockton, California : With Special Reference To The Genus Campylobacter, Tom Edward Hathorn

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

During the last two or three years, the three largest hospitals in Stockton (St. Joseph’s, Dameron and San Joaquin General Hospitals) have modified their procedures to include the search for Campylobacter. On the other hand, the incidence of Yersinia in California is unknown, as most clinical laboratories do not specifically culture for it. There have been only a few reports of Yersinia in this state (personal communication of Dennis Ferrero, Director of the San Joaquin County Public Health Laboratory). This study has a threefold purpose: to investigate the incidences of Campylobacter and Yersinia, especially in relation to the incidence of …

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Winter 1983-1984, Lsu Agricultural Experiment Station

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Some Effects Of Naturally Occurring Amygdalin On Female C3h/Hej Mice, Gareth Eli Shemesh

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Cousteau Log Centering On Marine Animals For Elementary School Children, Annie Suffron

All Graduate Projects

"Centering on Marine Animals for Elementary School Children" was a multi-curricular learning center design in four parts. It consisted of an introduction on Bubbles the Whale, including a picture, a puppet, a song, a Sea Script, and task cards. Following the introduction were three units on Sea Monsters of the World, the Migration of the Grey Whale, and the Ecology of the Southern Sea Otter. Each unit contained a picture of the sea animal, a puppet, a song, a Sea Script, a Quiz, map(s), and task cards.

Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis In Cows Fed Dried Whey, Paul M. Windschitl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two rumen fistulated Holstein cows, weighing approximately 550 kg, were used in a switchback design experiment to evaluate the effects of consuming large amounts (38% of total ration dry matter) of dried whey on rumen microbial protein synthesis. Cows were fed total mixed rations consisting of (dry matter basis) 45% corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, and 45% concentrate mix. The concentrate mix was primarily corn and soybean meal (control) or 85% dried whole whey. Dry matter intakes averaged 16.4 and 15.3 kg/day for control and whey diets. Concentrations of bacteria and protozoa in rumen contents were estimated using diaminopimelic acid …

On The Distribution And Characteristics Of Isozyme Expression In Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, And Ureaplasma Species, Stephen J. O'Brien, Janice M. Simonson, S. Razin, Michael F. Barile

Biology Faculty Articles

A summary of a survey of three genera of mycoplasmatales (Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma) for isozyme expression is presented. Isozyme analysis of mycoplasmas has been employed in at least three distinct areas: (1) as genetic markers for identification, individualization, and taxonomic classification; (2) as markers for cell culture contamination; and (3) as a qualitative measure of the operative metabolic pathways in the diverse species. We have found five ubiquitous enzymes: purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, dipeptidase, and esterase. Three enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase, were restricted to Acholeplasma species and were not …

The Relationship Of Science To The North-South Dialogue, William N. Hubbard Jr.

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The dialogue between the Northern and Southern hemispheres of this one Earth is concerned with the issue of human equity. It is the dialogue between those in the north who have an abundance of goods and services, with a generally improving opportunity for self-fulfillment, as contrasted with those in the south who are deficient in even rudimentary goods and services and whose opportunity for self-fulfillment is not only smaller than their brothers' in the north but is probably diminishing.

The mind·numbing plight of the poorest of the poor in this world shall not be inventoried in any detail. The absolute …

Nullisomic Tetrahymena. Ii. A Set Of Nullisomics Define The Germinal Chromosomes, E. Virginia Merriam

Biology Faculty Works

Crosses of a diploid Tetrahymena thermophila to a strain with a haploid germinal nucleus result in chromosome loss during meiosis in the haploid. The resulting monosomics can be made nullisomic by a special cross that induces homozygosis of a meiotic product of the germinal nucleus, but retention of the parental somatic nucleus. The creation and testing of single nullisomics for three of the five chromosome pairs and a triple nullisomic missing another pair is presented. Taken together, these strains make possible a series of crosses in which all but one of the chromosomes is missing in one parent. This set …

Farmers' Use Of Agricultural Information 1983, P W. Fry, K F. Goss

All other publications

The Western Australian Department of Agriculture produces information for farmers which is disseminated through various mass media, The Australian Broadcasting Commission and commercial media outlets provide further agricultural information, In 1983 a telephone survey of cereal-sheep farmers was undertaken to determine what information sources were used by farmers, and how farmers used that information.

A number of information processing factors were taken from communication research literature, These were accessibility and availability; surveillance and exposure; selection; storage and retrieval. From within this theoretical framework, information sources such as farming magazines, radio and television programmes were examined.

Special attention was given to …

Nickel: A Micronutrient Element For Hydrogen-Dependent Growth Of Rhizobium Japonicum And For Expression Of Urease Activity In Soybean Leaves, Robert V. Klucas, F. Joe Hanus, Sterling A. Russell, Harold J. Evans

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Soybean plants and Rhizobium japonicum 122 DES, a hydrogen uptake-positive strain, were cultured in media purified to remove Ni. Supplemental Ni had no significant effect on the dry matter or total N content of plants. However, the addition of Ni to both nitrate-grown and symbiotically grown plants resulted in a 7- to 10-fold increase in urease activity (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) in leaves and significantly increased the hydrogenase activity (EC 1.18.3.1) in isolated nodule bacteroids. When cultured under chemolithotrophic conditions, free-living R. japonicum required Ni for growth and for the expression of hydrogenase activity. Hydrogenase activity was minimal or not …

Analysis Of The Surface Polysaccharides Of R. Trifolii Su843 And Its Sym Plasmid Alterated Mutants, Jauh-Lin Duh

Masters Theses

The Rhizobium trifolii polysaccharides from SU843 and mutants--HC843(pBR1AN), HC843, 8002--in which the sym plasmid is replaced, absent, or mutated by transposon Tn5 were isolated. The surface polysaccharides of genetically altered mutants were compared quantitatively and qualitatively with one another and with the parent strain. The interpretation of these results is discussed in relation to the function of Rhizobium surface polysaccharides in the symbiotic process. The symbiotic ability of SU843 and mutant strains is as follows: (a) SU843, nod⁺, fix⁺; (b) mutant 8002, roa⁺ (still attaches to root hair), hac^-, nod^-; (c) …

The Role Of Lh Pulses On In Vitro Follicular Development In The Metestrous Rat Ovary, Shirley Jane Luttmer

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Sethoxydim & Mbr 22359 For Control Of Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense) In Soybeans (Glycine Max), E. Craig Musselman

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is one of the most troublesome weeds in the southeastern United States. -everal herbicides have been developed to combat johnsongrass, and many new experimental herbicides with high johnsongrass control potential are presently being tested. Two of these new experimental herbicides for johnsongrass control in soybeans (Glycine max) are sethoxydim and MBR 22359.

Field experiments were conducted in 1981 and 1982 to evaluate the effectiveness of MBR 22359 preemergence and postemergence, sethoxydim in single and split applications, trifluralin in combination with mefluidide, or with glyphosate or sethoxydim in the wick, and alachior in combination …

Generation, Isolation And Assay Methods For Human Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor, Thomas E. Seay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Activated lymphocytes secrete many products including the lymphokine human lymphocyte mitogenic factor (HLMF). In preliminary experiments lymphocytes from peripheral blood and palatine tonsils were evaluated as possible sources of HLMF by evaluating their level of activation through screening their spontaneous and concanavalin A (con A)-induced blastogenic responses. Tonsil lymphocytes (TL) were found to have high spontaneous proliferation as compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Cells from both sources responded to con A by undergoing a typical blastogenic response. Because TL must be obtained septically, they are frequently cultured in the presence of the antimycotic agent, Amphotericin B (Am B). Since …