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A Finite Element Method For The Computation Of Magnetic Electron Lenses, Bohumila Lencová, Michal Lenc

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The success of computer-aided design in electron optics is no longer limited by computing facilities but by our understanding of numerical methods and underlying physical laws used for the computation. This paper deals mainly with the computation of vector potential in rotationally symmetric magnetic lenses. The finite element method, as introduced by Munro in 1971, seems to be the best tool for this purpose, and we aim to show in this paper how it is possible to improve it without losing the original clarity. Therefore we discuss the suitable choice of mesh and the calculation of the coefficients of the …

Optical Microreflectometry And Microscopy Of Chalcopyrite Specimens: Reflectance Calculation And Comparison To Backscattered Electron Microscopy, G. Remond, R. Caye, P. Ruzakowski, P. H. Holloway

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A model was developed to calculate the optical reflectance of an absorbing substrate covered by multiple thin layers of absorbing materials. Both multiple homogeneous thin layers and thin surface layers of mixed phases were modeled. Reflectance versus wavelength was measured for polished chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and compared to calculated data. The identity and thickness of surface compounds used to calculate reflectance curves were partially determined using X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies. Very good agreement between theoretical and experimental reflectance curves were observed as a function of surface composition. The hue (color) and luminosity (brightness) of the polished surface …

Characterization Of Mucus Glycoconjugates In Normal Human Conjunctiva By Lectins In Light Microscopy, Transmission And Scanning Electron Microscopy, P. Versura, M. C. Maltarello, F. Bonvicini, R. Caramazza, R. Laschi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Maintenance of tear film in normal conditions is dependent on 1) mucus layer integrity and 2) the presence and distribution of conjunctival epithelial cell microvilli.

In the present work a new methodology has been developed to gain correlative information about microprojection assessment and mucus composition, from the same specimen, by Light Microscopy (LM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

We have characterized the glycosidic residues secreted by goblet cells in normal human conjunctiva, by means of four lectins (WGA, ConA, PNA and SBA), conjugated with FITC for LM and with colloidal gold for TEM and SEM.

The …

Beam Voltage Effects In The Study Of Embedded Biological Materials By Secondary Electron Detectors, C. Scala, G. Pasquinelli, P. Preda, R. Laschi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Thin and semithin sections were extensively examined by the secondary electron (SE) detector in a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM), and in a transmission electron microscope with a scanning attachment (STEM). Various para-meters, in particular the beam voltage, were shown to affect the final SE image (SEI). As for SEM observation, a surface contrast was imaged at low primary electron (PE) voltages (0.6-2 kV), whereas a subsurface contrast predominated at higher energies (15-30 kV). In STEM, significant differences were not detected by varying the PE in the 20-100 kV range. Surface and subsurface in-formation was simultaneously imaged even though the …

Struvite Crystalluria And Urolithiasis In Cross Labradors, A. L. Rodgers, R. A. Irving, M. Mezzabotta, P. Benloulou

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Recurrent struvite crystalluria and urolithiasis in a Cross-Labrador bitch was studied using a combined Coulter-Counter and scanning electron microscope (SEM) approach. Staphylococcus bacteria were cultured from the patient's urine as well as from the calculi themselves. Urine samples were subjected to particle counting and sizing during active and non-active periods of stone formation. Size distribution curves so obtained were identical as were those derived from sterile and non-sterile specimens. These showed a peak incidence at a diameter of 5 μm. Particle sizes for 6 controls were also determined and showed an even distribution over a much wider range with small …

Mapping Solid Surfaces With A Raman Microprobe, P. M. Fauchet

Scanning Electron Microscopy

By combining an optical microscope with a standard Raman scattering apparatus, information on the structure, composition, homogeneity, and stress state of solids can be obtained with one micron resolution. After a discussion of the advantages and implementation of the technique, we examine specific applications mostly taken from our own work dealing with laser-solid interactions. In particular, we examine the structural modifications produced during laser annealing of semiconductors and laser induced damage of thin films.

Using Electron Spectroscopy For Chemical Analysis (Esca) In Failure Analysis: Some Recent Developments, M. A. Kelly, L. H. Scharpen, R. D. Cormia

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) is receiving increased attention as a surface-sensitive failure analysis technique because of several recent developments. These are: first - substantially improved spatial resolution, allowing a much broader range of problems to be studied; second - new ways to apply analytical results to practical problems, resulting from better technical understanding of ESCA and better data reduction techniques; and third - the development of sample handling systems which can handle large, outgassing samples, making ESCA a relatively non-destructive technique.

In this paper we consider ESCA's niche as a surface analysis tool, and discuss the impact of …

Microcorrosion Casting Of The Human Respiratory Acinus, S. A. Dilly

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Microcorrosion casts demonstrating the respiratory acini of human lungs were produced using Tensol Cement No. 70 (a methyl methacrylate mixture). Lung casts were made from foetuses of 19 weeks' gestation to term, a child of 5 years and two adults. Tensol Cement No. 70 was found to infuse the most peripheral airspaces without tissue penetration and could be airdried. Attempts using Batson's medium were hampered by permeation of the airway walls and inability to withstand airdrying. Despite the use of autopsy material, good cell impressions were seen.

At 19 weeks' gestation, the respiratory acinus is simple with only two or …

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Director’s Comment: A south Dakota wheat line may be answer to Hessian fly in Morocco [p] 2
Woodies go ‘beep’: Wood ducks that talk to us have a clear message: oxbows are best nurseries around [p] 3
Lifestyle: clue to obesity?: Over half in survey said they were overweight; we cooperate in two-state search for causes [p] 6
Wheat: the checkoff: It’s an R7D’ program, an investment in our future, that’s been shown to pay off [p] 11
Wheat: the package: A new wheat means ‘maybe a profit,’ unproven until grower adds ‘other 50%’ of the package [p] 13
Alternative …

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Summer 1986, Lsu Agricultural Experiment Station

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Salt Concentration On Auxin Stability In Culture Media, James R. Dunlap, Stephen Kresovich, Robert E. Mcgee

Faculty Publications

The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were followed for 35 days in cell-free liquid medium containing 100, 50, or 0% Murashige-Skoog (MS) salt base. Although the concentrations of NAA or 2,4-D remained constant the level of IAA decreased to only 11% of the original concentration after 35 days in the presence of 100% MS salt base. The observed rate of IAA degradation was accelerated by the presence of MS salts.

The Use Of A Line Scan Ratemeter For The X-Ray Microanalytic Evaluation Of Membrane-Bound Histochemical Endproducts, Imre Zs.-Nagy, Valéria Zs.-Nagy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Although X-ray microanalysis represents a useful tool for identifying electron dense histochemical end-products, quantitative microanalytic measurements are seriously hampered in the case of the activities of certain membrane-bound enzymes. For example, the electron histochemical methods revealing K⁺-dependent pNPPase activity result in a very fine, granular reaction product of lead phosphate. Therefore microanalytic, densitometric or similar evaluations of the reaction, even in semiquantitative terms are not practical by the usual procedures.

This paper describes a method of X-ray microanalysis of thick sections (0.5 μm) processed for K⁺-pNPPase, where a sufficient amount of lead is present for X-ray …

Agricultural Research Division 100th Annual Report, July 1, 1985, To June 30, 1986

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

This 100th Annual Report contains lists of current faculty, active projects, refereed journal publications, brief descriptions of research in selected areas, and the financial report for the period July 1, 1985, through June 30, 1986. Research programs in agriculture, home economics, and natural resources at the University of Nebraska have changed greatly since the U.S. Congress approved the establishment of an Agricultural Experiment Station in each state with the passage of the Hatch Act on March 2, 1887. Although Hatch funds account for a smaller proportion of the total research expenditures in the program today, this legislation continues to be …

Ultrasonic Microdissection Of Immature Intermediate Human Placental Villi As Studied By Scanning Electron Microscopy, Gregory J. Highison, F. Donald Tibbitts

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The human placenta during the first 20 weeks of gestation undergoes rapid and extensive morphological changes. Near the end of this period, the most predominant type of villus present is the immature intermediate placental villus. In order to visualize this complex structure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we have developed a microdissection technique to expose tissue components of the placental villus while retaining its normal histological architecture. Placental villi were initially fixed in Karnovsky's fixative, buffered formalin, or 2% osmium tetroxide solution prior to exposure to connective tissue enzymes or detergents alone or in combination. Samples were dehydrated through 100% …

Augmentation Of Natural Killer Cell Activity By Corynebacterium Parvum: Involvement Of Lipoxygenase Pathway, Gregory D. Kuo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The ⁵¹Chromium release assay was used to measure natural killer (NK) cell activity associated with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) injection against YAC-1 and MBT-2 targets. The peritoneal exudate cells from intraperitoneal treatment of CP at different dosages consistently gave higher cytotoxicity than their respective spleen cell fractions. In contrast, CP given intravenously showed the reversed effect. Our results demonstrate that the route of administration and dosage of CP are two crucial variables for determining the effectiveness of this immunostimulant. In vitro manipulations of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, indomethacin, and prostaglandin E2 on CP-stimulated NK cells suggest that the lipoxygenase pathway is involved …

Factors Affecting Epithecal Growth Lines In Four Coral Species, With Paleontological Implications, Jean-Luc Liénard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The number of epithecal (external) growth lines was surveyed over 124 days for Montastrea annularis growing at different depths (3.5 m to 61 m). There was a significant (P< .01) decrease in the number of lines with depth. Although the linear regression is significant, there is evidence for a logarithmic or quadratic relationship, and more data from greater depths are needed to determine which of these gives a better fit.

The number of growth lines formed during light-dark cycles of 16, 24 and 32 hours were compared for M. annularis, M. cavernosa, Porites astreoides and Tubastrea aurea. The variability among colonies from the same species was in many cases more significant than that among light treatments. This is a serious problem for anyone counting lines in corals, especially from a few specimens; therefore conclusions based on such counts seem hazardous on …

Restriction Analysis Of Bacteriophage, Ali Reza Mostaghimi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A restriction map of DNA from bacteriophage P3-C₁ for the endonucleases BamH I, Bgl II, EcoR I, Hind III, Sac I and Sca I is described in this study. The phage DNA was determined to be a linear double stranded molecule with a unit genomic length of 31 kb. After electrophoresis in 0.5% agarose gels, the undigested DNA appeared as three molecules of 31, 62 and 93 kb in length. The Hind III digestion pattern of the individual 31 kb molecule was identical to the 62 kb and 93 kb Hind III pattern. With all enzymes except Hind III, …

An Immunochemical Analysis Of Alcoholic Hyaline And Its Relationship To Keratin Intermediate Filaments, David L. Drexler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Alcoholic Hyaline (AH) and keratin intermediate filaments possess ultrastructural, biochemical and immunochemical similarities. This study compares human AH, human stratum corneum keratin (HSCK) and normal human liver cytokeratin (HCK) by quantitative immunochemical means, using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were employed, as well as "immunoblotting" and immunocytochemical techniques. HCK was isolated using Triton X-100 and "high-salt” buffers and exhibited seven major polypeptide bands on SDS-PAGE (41-58 kd). Antisera were made toward HCK and the two major HCK bands. Other immunochemicals included antisera toward AH, the three major AH bands, and HSCK, as well as 3 …

Characterization Of Microorganisims After Feeding With Phenolic Compounds : Comparing A Domestic Sludge To An Industrial Sludge, Dianne Adamowitz

Theses

This study examined the effects of phenolic compounds on the populations in mixed liquors obtained from two very different treatment plants: the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners plant in Newark, and the Livingston, NJ municipal treatment plant. The dominant organisms were identified initially and after ten days exposure to phenol (100 ppm), and either 2-chlorophenol (20 ppm) or 2,6-dichlorophenol (10 ppm) in aerated batch reactors.

Results confirmed the remarkable similarity between the two mixed liquor populations, in spite of the significant differences in the operation of the two treatment plants.

A Study Of Hazardous Wastes Generated In New Jersey With Regard To The Siting Of Waste Disposal Facilities In The State, Shreerang Narayan Dharasker

Theses

The effective treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes is one of the most urgent problems facing the State of New Jersey today. New Jersey is the most densely populated state and is a leader in industry. Nearly every major industry in the nation is represented by one or many production units all of which generate copious amounts of hazardous and toxic wastes each year. Although the state has the toughest rules and regulations on the management of hazardous waste, there are very few options exercised or facilities cited for the effective treatment and disposal of wastes within the state boundaries. …

Preparation Methods For Quantitative Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis Of Rat Exocrine Pancreas: A Review, N. Roos, T. Barnard

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pancreatic acinar cells are thought to secrete a fluid containing digestive enzymes and electrolytes and use e,g, calcium as a second messenger upon stimulation, Together with their pronounced morphological polarity, they provide a model system to study the effect of different preparation methods for quantitative biological electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) of ultrathin sections, Several preparation methods i,e,, freeze-drying and plastic-embedding, freeze-substitution (2 days) and freeze-drying of ultrathin cryosections have been applied to examine the retention of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, (chlorine), potassium and calcium in subcellular compartments (basal cytoplasm, apical cytoplasm, mitochondria and zymogen granules), In freeze-substituted samples the …

Corrosion Cast Technique Applied In Lymphatic Pathways, A. Castenholz

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The paper deals with methods and results of the microcorrosion cast technique in lymph angiology. For the representation of the special organization of the lymph vascular system including the initial vascular structures, intranodal pathways, bigger collectors, and lymph trunks, the application of various injection techniques is necessary. The interstitial injection of Mercox proves to be suitable to show the initial lymphatics and prelymphatic spaces. Similarly, the intranodal injection makes visible the system of the lymph sinuses and the spaces of the reticular tissue in this organ. Casts of bigger collecting vessels, lymph trunks, and thoracic duct can be obtained by …

Purification Of Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Component And Characterization Of Its Binding Interaction With Bovine Kidney Cells, Daniel Dalton Martin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protective antigen component of B. anthracis toxin was produced and purified to the >99% level. Toxin was purified from culture supernatant utilizing concentration and liquid chromatography techniques. Purity was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The purified protective antigen retained biological and antigenic activity as evidenced respectively by lethality in Fischer 344 rats when injected in combination with lethal factor, and by positive results on the Ouchterlony double diffussion assay.

Radioiodinated protective antigen was used both in the in vivo and the in vitro experiments.

In vivo distribution of labelled protective antigen was determined in Fischer 344 rats. Assay …

Manganese Toxicity In Mice: Evaluation Of Neruochemical And Immunologial Alteration, Benjamart Srisuchart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Neurochemical and immunological effects of manganese chloride (MnCl₂) were evaluated using young male CD-1 mice as the animal model. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of MnCl₂ (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks did not produce mortality or overt signs of toxicity in any of the treated animals. Manganese treatment increased the thymidine uptake of cultured splenic cells and the selective lymphoproliferative response to T-cell mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A, in all the treated groups. No difference in the response to B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide was observed. A dose of 10 mg/kg MnCl₂ increased the mixed lymphocyte …

Comparison Of Membrane Filter, Multiple-Fermentation-Tube, And Presence-Absence Techniques For Detecting Total Coliforms In Small Community Water Systems., Nicholas J. Jacobs, Wanda L. Zeigler, Frank C. Reed, Therese A. Stukel, Eugene W. Rice

Dartmouth Scholarship

Methods for detecting total coliform bacteria in drinking water were compared using 1,483 different drinking water samples from 15 small community water systems in Vermont and New Hampshire. The methods included the membrane filter (MF) technique, a 10-tube fermentation tube (FT) technique, and the presence-absence (P-A) test.

Detection Of Abnormal Milk With Impedance Microbiology Instrumentation, Fahad Ali Abdulghany Khayat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mastitic milk was detected by obtaining conductance measurements using an impedance microbiology Bactometer® 120 SC instruments. Conductance readings taken after 30 min at 25'C separated normal and abnormal milks when readings differed by more than 3% from the variance among instrument module wells. Samples blended from four quarters of a cow indicated milk from one quarter was abnormal if the salt level in the abnormal quarter raised the blend conductivity above that of normal samples and variance among the wells. Either solid or liquid substrates that contained bacterial stimulants could be used to accelerate bacterial acid production or to reduce …

Hormonal Control Of Phloem Loading In Celery (Apium Graveolens L.), Mark Watts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous research has indicated that phloem loading may be regulated by plant growth regulators. This conclusion, however, is based on circumstantial evidence in that previous experiments implemented complex tissue such as leaf discs or petioles to simulate phloem loading. Celery is a favorable system to measure phloem loading because it utilizes pure vascular tissue and/or isolated phloem tissue. Pure phloem tissue has not been used to date in phloem loading research.

It was demonstrated that the plant growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA₃) and indole acetic acid (IAA) caused an enhancement of sucrose-loading in vascular bundles and in isolated …

The Redevelopment Of Plant Community Diversity On A Surface Coal Mine In Southwestern Wyoming, Thomas Joseph Hatton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was initiated in 1981 to investigate the redevelopment of plant communities on a recontoured, surface-mined site in southwestern Wyoming. The landscape pattern of vegetation was compared with topographic position, the initial topsoil pattern, and cultural practices including shrub planting density, shrub planting pattern and topsoil treatments for the years 1982-1985. In addition, differences in vascular plant species diversity within these various factors and treatments were determined, along with the trend in intracommunity (alpha), intercommunity (beta) and landscape (gamma) diversity for the entire study area.

The influence of site factors and tested cultural practices on the differentiation of the …

A Market Analysis For Adult Outdoor Education In Five Western States, Karla Joy Vanderzanden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Organizations that offer Outdoor Education programs for adults are concerned with how to best attract people to their programs. Effective program design begins with a clear understanding of the people to be served. A marketing orientation--meeting the needs of participants--has begun to pervade non-profit management; specific information on the adult market for Outdoor Education remains limited. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize segments based upon the benefits people seek from such an experience. Secondly, this analysis describes current programs 1n a five state region and identifies discrepancies between available and needed services.

A mail survey of …

Program Abstracts, 98th Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 25-26, 1986, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Presentation abstracts from the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of Science