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Hiv Antibody Testing: Performance And Counseling Issues, Michael Gross

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article assesses the performance of currently used tests for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infectious agent associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); suggests, in view of that information, guidelines for counseling people seeking HIV antibody testing; and evaluates the claim that because antibody test results will effect behavior change in those who are infected, all members of high-risk groups should be tested.

HIV testing is likely to yield a high proportion of false-positive results in low-risk populations and infants born to infected mothers. A negative result may not establish freedom from infection in high-risk groups or the …

Aids And A-Bomb Disease: Facing A Special Death, Chris Glaser

New England Journal of Public Policy

In 1979 it was called "gay cancer," and it took the life of an acquaintance. Then "gay-related immune deficiency," or GRID, claimed neighbors, friends of friends, fellow activists. I began grief and death counseling with a segment of the population ordinarily concerned with life's ambitions and enjoyments: men in their twenties and thirties. Hospital visits and memorial services became more frequent.

By 1983, when it had come to be called AIDS, my own friends began to be affected. One was a man I dated in seminary, and I was devastated to learn of his illness only upon receiving a notice …

New Hampshire: The Premarital Testing Debacle, Susan D. Epstein

New England Journal of Public Policy

In 1987, the New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services had a bill introduced in the legislature to improve contact tracing and establish statewide public education on HIV infection, transmission, and disease control. This article traces the bill, and issues surrounding the bill, through the legislative process and focuses on an unexpected intervention by the governor through a proposed amendment to add mandatory premarital testing. Its conclusions offer advice to other states on how best to avoid political exploitation of AIDS/HIV issues.

By the summer of 1987, the AIDS issue in New Hampshire had become devoted to everything but AIDS. …

Comparison Of Cyclic Nucloetide Phosphodiesterase In Physarum Favicomum, C. Kay Holtman, Tammy K. Ebsen, Judith A. Bean, J. Scott Bryles, Thomas J. Lynch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We have studied both cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase in the myxomycete Physarum flavicomum. The cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase preparations were isolated from both the diploid plasmodial stage of the lifecycle and the haploid myxamoebal stage. The plasmodial enzyme was prepared from spent medium (extracellular) and also from purified nuclei. The myxamoebal enzyme was prepared from purified nuclei. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity was studied in purified nuclei isolated from the plasmodium. One unusual feature of all the enzymes from the plasmodium is extreme heat stability; they remain catalytically active even after exposure to a boiling water bath for twenty …

Nucleotide Sequence Of The Fadr Gene, A Multifunctional Regulator Of Fatty Acid Metabolism In Escherichia Coli, Concetta C. Dirusso

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The Escherichia coli fadR gene is a multifunctional regulator of fatty acid

and acetate metabolism. In the present work the nucleotide sequence of the

1.3 kb DNA fragment which encodes FadR has been determined. The coding

sequence of the fadR gene is 714 nucleotides long and is preceded by a typical

E. coli ribosome binding site and is followed by a sequence predicted to be

sufficient for factor-independent chain termination. Primer extension experiments

demonstrated that the transcription of the fadR gene initiates with an

adenine nucleotide 33 nucleotides upstream from the predicted start of

translation. The derived fadR peptide has …

Skeletal Muscle Sugar Transport Alterations In Bacteremia, Margaret V. Westfall

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Phenotypic And Functional Characterization Of Ia+ And La- Sublines Of The Human Monocyte-Like Cell Line, U937, Coles Meredith Squire

Theses and Dissertations

Sublines were derived from the U937 human monocytic cell line by limiting dilution techniques. Several of the sublines derived in this manner were found to constituitively express la, unlike most U937 cell lines previously examined. Thus the la+ and la- sublines were examined and characterized phenotypically and functionally. Morphologically the sublines, both la+ and la-, were found to be similar to the originally described U937 parent cell line. They were positive for production of non- specific esterase and expressed the HLA phenotype A(3,X), B(51,18), DR(2,X). The sublines were examined by immunofluorescence techniques with a large number of antibodies specific for …

Callus Formation And Differentiation In Embryos Of The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.), Jyoti Mangesh Desai

Masters Theses

Embryos of Cocos nucifera L. were allowed to develop on various agar based, plant tissue culture media. Environmental conditions, temperature, light intensity levels and photoperiod were regulated throughout the period of the experiment. The anatomy of commercially available embryos (excised from the "seed") and tissues that developed in culture (calli, roots and leaves) was determined. Prepared slides and tissues obtained in culture were photographed and printed. Callus, root and shoot formation were successful. However, "embryoids" which would have eventually led to free living plantlets were not obtained during this study. Successful regeneration of plantlets in culture would require improved techniques.

The Effect Of Fluoride On Treponema Denticola, Carrie A. Norton Hughes

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Use Of A Color Code System To Promote Compliance To Diet Information, Linda Rae Sparlin

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The use of color coded prompts to influence students' food selections in choosing a balanced meal was investigated. Yellow, green, blue, and orange dots, representing the four major food groups, grains, fruit and vegetables, dairy, and meat respectively were displayed at the point-of-selection on food entree cards along the serving line of a college dining hall. Two grain servings, two fruit/vegetable servings, one dairy serving, and one meat serving, were suggested as the optimal combination for a balanced meal. The results indicated that the prompts, although noticed and understood by the majority of the students, did not significantly influence their …

Genetic Differentiation And Biochemical Polymorphism Among Trichomonads, Steven A. Nadler, B. M. Honigberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Isoenzyme electrophoresis was used to study levels of genetic differentiation among strains and clones of Trichomonasg allinae, Trichomonasv aginalis, Tritrichomonafso etus, Tetratrichomonags allinarum, and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Strain variation was found within T. gallinae, T. vaginalis, and T. foetus, however, levels of enzyme polymorphism were greater in T. gallinae than in T. vaginalis or T. foetus. Isoenzyme genotypes were not a stable property of T. gallinae clones cultivated in vitro. Retrospective studies of T. gallinae SG and JB6 clones revealed that mutation occurred during in vitro cultivation. Heterozygotes of hexokinase- 1 and phosphoglucomutase displayed 2 …

Comparison Of Two Gelling Agents For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larval Diets, David B. Taylor

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A sodium polyacrylamide polyacrylate gelling agent, Water-Lock G-400, and a galactan polysaccharide agent, carrageenan, were compared for solidifying larval diets of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Water-Lock diet produced larger pupae with less larval mortality than did carrageenan diet. Pupae from larvae reared on the Water-Lock diet exhibited higher emergence and produced adults with higher fecundity. Water-Lock diet also produced larger larvae at 56 h after oviposition. Densities in excess of 300 mg of eggs (16,200 eggs) per liter of Water-Lock gelled diet did not increase larval yield but did reduce larval weight and survival.

A Simple Solid-Phase Electrophoretic Procedure For The Separation Of Plasmid Dna, Linda Ann Simurra

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A method was developed for extraction of plasmid DNA from bacterial cells embedded in agarose blocks. Cell - containing blocks were treated with various lysing reagents and inserted into the wells of an agarose gel. Upon electrophoresis the plasmid DNA migrated out of the embedding block and into the gel leaving intact chromosomal DNA in the well. This method was tested with various organisms and found to be effective for plasmid isolation. In comparison to "traditional" procedures, this new method is less tedious since chemical separation of plasmids is not required prior to electrophoresis. Also, a higher yield of plasmid …

Overview Of Physical Studies Of Bulk Water In Biopolymers, Wm. Negendank

Scanning Microscopy

The Symposium of which this paper is a part, "The State Of Water In The Cell", examines evidence which indicates that the bulk water of the cell has physical properties that are different from those of free water in a dilute aqueous solution. The heterogeneity of environments of water within cells makes direct application of physical studies difficult. However, the major physiologic effect of an ordered state of bulk cell water is solute exclusion, and this is also demonstrated by simple polymer solutions. Such systems have provided an opportunity to show that such water has motional correlation times within an …

The Cell Water Problem Posed By Electron Microscopic Studies Of Ion Binding In Muscle, L. Edelmann

Scanning Microscopy

The question whether cell K⁺ is free or bound in the striated frog muscle has been investigated during the last 10 years by different cryomethods and electron microscopy. The results support the view that most of cellular ions are osmotically inactive and that therefore the observed cell water activity must be explained by a model which assumes a specific cell water structure. According to the association-induction hypothesis, cell water is influenced by macromolecules and has low solubilities for Na⁺ and other solutes which therefore are partly excluded from cellular water. Autoradiography of frozen hydrated Na⁺ loaded muscles …

Microvascular Casting Of The Lung: Vascular Lavage, Dean E. Schraufnagel, Aloisia Schmid

Scanning Microscopy

Corrosion casting is an important tool for the study of microvascular structure, but unlike tissue preparation for light and electron microscopy, few controlled studies of the methods for preparation of microvascular casts for scanning electron microscopy have been reported. Most vascular casting begins with rinsing cells from the lumen of the blood vessels, but the necessity of this has not been shown. Because of a report of successful casting without rinsing and light microscopic evidence of edema with complete rinsing prior to casting, this preparation procedure was examined. Casts of lung vasculature that were thoroughly rinsed were compared to those …

Preparation Of Biological Samples For Transmission X-Ray Microanalysis: A Review Of Alternative Procedures To The Use Of Sectioned Material, D. C. Sigee

Scanning Microscopy

Although transmission X-ray microanalysis of biological material has traditionally been carried out mainly on sectioned preparations, a number of alternative procedures exist. These are considered under three major headings - whole cell preparations, analysis of cell homogenates and biological fluids, and applications of the technique to microsamples of purified biochemicals. These three aspects provide a continuous range of investigative level - from the cellular to the molecular.

The use of X-ray microanalysis with whole cell preparations is considered in reference to eukaryote (animal) cells and prokaryotes - where it has particular potential in environmental studies on bacteria. In the case …

An Overview Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Appendicular Musculoskeletal System, Sharon C. Siegel, Allan M. Haggar, Jerry W. Froelich, Burton I. Ellis

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Sodium Chloride On Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci, Bola Fashola

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The drug of choice for the treatment of Stieptococcal pharyngitis is penicillin G. However, a common home remedy prescribes the use of salt-water solutions for gargling.

Members of Beta -hemolytic streptococcal groups A, B, and C were isolated from the upper -respiratory tracts of patients diagnosed as having streptococcal pharyngitis. These cultures we:e obtained from HCA Greenview Hospital (Bowling Green, Kentucky) and used to study the effects of sodium chloride on the isolates.

The minimum inhibitory concentration of sodium chloride was determined for each of eight hospital isolates. Croup A streptococci were inhibited at a concentration of 7.2% sodium chloride …

Primary Aldosteronism At Henry Ford Hospital In The 1980s, Max Wisgerhof

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

This report describes the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism at Henry Ford Hospital since 1980. Of the 28 patients who received the diagnosis. 13 had unilateral primary aldosteronism and 15 had idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Individual cases are used to demonstrate clinical points. The clue to the presence of primary aldosteronism in a hypertensive patient is hypokalemia. The diagnosis is established by showing 1) high plasma aldosterone after intravenous saline or high urinary aldosterone after treatment with sodium chloride orally, and 2) low stimulated plasma renin activity. Treatment with potassium supplement should be given during the testing. Unilateral …

Ocular Irrigating Solutions: A Comparison Between Balanced Salt Solution And L-410 (Po-Eis), Philip C. Hessburg, Paul M. Johnston

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

The ability of two ocular irrigating solutions to reduce postoperative corneal edema after intracapsular cataract extraction was compared using ultrasonic pachymetry. All patients had anterior chamber intraocular lenses implanted. The solutions were balanced salt solution and solution L-410 (PO-EIS), an eye irrigation solution containing dextran 40 and bicarbonate. Corneas irrigated with either solution showed no significant difference in postoperative edema. The use of L-410 (as an alternative to balanced salt solution) may not be necessary in intracapsular cataract extraction.

The Refined Crystal Structure Of A Fully Active Semisynthetic Ribonuclease At 1.8 Å Resolution, Philip D. Martin, Marilynn S. Doscher, Brian Fp Edwards

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

A fully active, semisynthetic analog of bovine ribonuclease A, comprised of residues 1-118 of the molecule in a noncovalent complex with the synthetic peptide analog of residues 111-124, has been crystallized in space group P3(2)21 from a solution of 1.3 M ammonium sulfate and 3.0 M cesium chloride at pH 5.2. The crystallographic structure was determined by rotation and translation searches utilizing the coordinates for ribonuclease A reported by Wlodawer and Sjolin (Wlodawer, A., and Sjolin, L. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2720-2728) and has been refined at 1.8-A resolution to an agreement factor of 0.204. Most of the structure of the …

Quantitative Morphology Of Synaptic Plasticity In The Aging Brain, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, William Meier-Ruge, Jurg Ulrich

Scanning Microscopy

Quantitation of synaptic ultrastructural changes is of great importance in neurobiology, since merely qualitative alterations, if not extreme, are not readily detectable. In the present paper we discuss our previous and present findings on the number (numerical density: Nv), size (average length of the synaptic profiles: L) and surface contact area (surface density: Sv) of the synaptic junctions in aging rodent and human brains. We found that number and size of the synapses are in a close inverse relationship so as to maintain the total surface contact area among the nerve cells constant. These three parameters are closely related to …

Effects Of Cytochalasin B And Colchicine On The Morphology Of Sw-13 Human Adrenal Cortical Tumor Cells In Culture, S. A. Murray, H. N. Tung

Scanning Microscopy

Human adrenal cortical tumor cells (SW-13) grow into a typical epithelial cell monolayer when seeded onto culture dishes. The cells of the SW-13 population monolayer appear flattened with few conspicuous surface features. The cells are attached to one another at their lateral borders and are arranged in a cobblestone-like manner. Following Triton X-100 extraction, the distribution of the cytoskeletal elements was observed with scanning electron microscopic techniques to correspond to the shape of the non-extracted cell. Changes in the distribution and morphology of projections on the cell surface as well as changes in cell shape were revealed after treatment of …

Arterial Elastin As Seen With Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Review, Margot R. Roach, S. H. Song

Scanning Microscopy

All large arteries contain elastin, collagen, and muscle which can be seen with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Elastin forms an internal elastic lamina (IEL) in all arteries, but also forms multiple fenestrated sheets in the media of the aorta and other large arteries. The fenestrations in the media are larger than those in the IEL. The adventitial elastin is more fibrous and often contains tubular elastin surrounding vasa vasorum when prepared by removing all non-elastin by placing the aorta in 0.1 N NaOH at 70-75°C for five hours. The fenestrations are larger near branches and in an experimentally …

A Development Plan For The South Coast Inshore Trawl Fishery, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

In March 1986 discussions were commenced between officers of the Fisheries Department and the Australian Fisheries Service concerning management measures for trawl fishery in the Great Australian Bight. These measures were considered necessary as a Western Australian Company (Toskel Fishing Co.) had commenced fishing the area. Given the excess fishing capacity in other Australian trawl fisheries it was considered advisable to institute management at an early stage and control development of this deep water fishery. Concurrent with these developments, mainly directed towards the control of larger trawlers in deeper waters, several small Western Australian trawlers operating out of Esperance and …

Characterization Of The Lipopolysaccharide From A Rhizobium Phaseoli Mutant That Is Defective In Infection Thread Development, Russell W. Carlson, Stanislaw Kalembasa, Debra A. Turowski, Pappi Pachori, K. Dale Noel

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a Rhizobium phaseoli mutant, CE109, was isolated and compared with that of its wild-type parent, CE3. A previous report has shown that the mutant is defective in infection thread development, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that it has an altered LPS (K. D. Noel, K. A. VandenBosch, and B. Kulpaca, J. Bacteriol. 168:1392-1462, 1986). Mild acid hydrolysis of the CE3 LPS released a polysaccharide and an oligosaccharide, PS1 and PS2, respectively. Mild acid hydrolysis of CE109 LPS released only an oligosaccharide. Chemical and immunochemical analyses showed that CE3-PS1 is the antigenic O chain of …

3-Dimensional Imaging Of Biological Structures By High Resolution Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy, G. J. Brakenhoff, H. T. M. Van Der Voort, E. A. Van Spronsen, N. Nanninga

Scanning Microscopy

Imaging in confocal microscopy is characterized by the ability to make a selective image of just one plane inside a specimen, virtually unaffected -within certain limits-by the out-of-focus regions above and below it. This property, called optical sectioning, is accompanied by improved imaging transverse to the optical axis. We have coupled a confocal microscope to a computer system, making the combination of both an excellent instrument for mapping the 3-dimensional structure of extended specimens into a computer memory/data array. We measured that the volume element contributing to each data point has, under typical fluorescence conditions, a size of 0.2 x …

Temporal Use Patterns Of Wintering Starlings At A Southeastern Livestock Farm: Implications For Damage Control, J. F. Glahn, S. K. Timbrook, D. J. Twedt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The farm use patterns of individually marked and transmitter-equipped starlings at a livestock farm in south-central Kentucky were studied each month during the principal damage period (December-February) of 1982-83 and 1984-85 following a pilot study in January and February of 1980. In addition to intensive observation at the farm, sightings of tagged starlings away from the farm were solicited from the public and mapped. For each year of data on individual starlings that used the farm at least once after marking, the expected frequencies of farm occurrence were calculated and compared to observed frequencies. In all 3 years, there was …

Management Of Suburban Deer: An Emerging Controversy, Daniel J. Decker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

During the last 10 years the presence of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in suburban areas has become an increasing concern from the standpoint of damage and nuisance problems. It is unclear whether (a) overall deer numbers in suburban environments have increased (possibly because of residential development in "natural" settings and creation of food sources represented by residents' ornamental plantings and vegetable gardens), (b) more development in suburban areas has forced deer into adjacent remaining patches of suitable habitat, resulting in increased deer densities in certain localities, or (c) some combination of both. Regardless of the factors perpetrating the situation, …