Digital Commons Network^™

Rare Diseases And Space Health: Optimizing Synergies From Scientific Questions To Care, Maria Puscas, Gabrielle Martineau, Gurjot Bhella, Penelope E Bonnen, Phil Carr, Robyn Lim, John Mitchell, Matthew Osmond, Emmanuel Urquieta, Jaime Flamenbaum, Giuseppe Iaria, Yann Joly, Étienne Richer, Joan Saary, David Saint-Jacques, Nicole Buckley, Etienne Low-Decarie

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Knowledge transfer among research disciplines can lead to substantial research progress. At first glance, astronaut health and rare diseases may be seen as having little common ground for such an exchange. However, deleterious health conditions linked to human space exploration may well be considered as a narrow sub-category of rare diseases. Here, we compare and contrast research and healthcare in the contexts of rare diseases and space health and identify common barriers and avenues of improvement. The prevalent genetic basis of most rare disorders contrasts sharply with the occupational considerations required to sustain human health in space. Nevertheless small sample …

Circadian Circuitry And Glioblastoma: Interactions With Behavior, Carcinogenesis, And Clinical Practice., Anna R. Damato

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary adult brain tumor diagnosed, with a 15-month prognosis using current standard of care treatment which includes chemotherapy with temozolomide (Temodar, TMZ). Chronotherapy, the practice of considering time of day in treating a disease, has been shown to improve outcome in several cancers, but had not been applied to GBM. Previous work in the lab on a cultured murine mesenchymal GBM cell line showed a time-of-day dependent maximum in sensitivity to TMZ corresponding with the daily peak of Bmal1 and trough of Per2 expression, two core clock genes. Based on this finding, we sought …

Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Dependent Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Adaptation To Chronic Exercise., Sean Raph

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Exercise increases cardiac workload, escalating the demand for oxygen. The myocardial vasculature responds to the greater demand for oxygen by increasing blood flow to match the needs of the heart during augmented work. Increasing blood flow requires the coronary arteries dilate (a.k.a. vasodilation); this is mediated predominantly by vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation. Vasodilation is driven through inhibition of calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells. The prevention of calcium influx is largely mediated by efflux of potassium via potassium channels causing membrane hyperpolarization, which in turn closes voltage-dependent (or gated) calcium channels (VDCC). Changes in vascular smooth muscle cell …

Integrative Physiology-Coupled Pilot-Centered Flight Simulation, Shawn C. Harrison

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Maintaining the pilot’s physiological performance envelope within the limits of human capabilities may be crucial for avoiding hazardous physiological episodes in fighter aircraft that compromise safety. The main physiological episode of interest is impaired pilot respiration, better known as hypoxia caused by a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) at high altitudes and variation in accelerative gravitational forces (g-forces). Integrated into fighter aircraft is an Onboard Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS) developed to mitigate the necessity of gaseous and liquid oxygen cannisters [1]. OBOGS act as a life support in hypoxic environments by providing oxygen-rich air, thereby oxygenating the …

Neuromuscular Fatigability Associated With Different Pacing Strategies During An Ultra-Endurance Pull-Up Task: A Case Study, Jenny Zhang, Arash Khassetarash, Guillaume Y. Millet, Saied J. Aboodarda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 1514-1527, 2022. While neuromuscular fatigability has been previously characterized after running and cycling, no study has investigated an ultra-endurance upper body task. In preparation for a world record attempt, three pacing strategies to perform 1980 pull-ups in 6 hrs were compared during independent sessions: fast pace, long recovery (FL), fast pace, multiple short recoveries (FMS), and slow pace, no recovery (SN). Elbow flexion maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, grip strength, peripheral fatigue, and biceps brachii electromyography were quantified every 330 pull-ups and during recovery, alongside heart rate, perceived effort, and arm muscle pain. In …

Keeping An Eye On Circadian Time In Clinical Research And Medicine, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Allison Brager, Mary A. Carskadon, Christopher M. Depner, Russell Foster, Namni Goel, Mary Harrington, Et Al

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms. Content: The goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects …

Impacts Of Intermediate And Long-Term Vitamin D Deficiency On The Murine Gastric Epithelial Cells And Acid Secretion, Shaima Raji Sirajudeen

Dissertations

The biological functions of vitamin D (VD) are diverse. It influences immunological response, cell proliferation and differentiation, and calcium homeostasis. However, over one billion people globally are VD deficient. The VD receptors, VDR and PDIA3, mediate the biological activities of VD. Studies on the biological roles of VD are numerous but very little on the stomach. The stomach is divided into three main parts – forestomach, corpus and antrum. Gastric glands, which make up the functional units of the stomach, are made up of numerous cell lineages and are located in the corpus and antrum, which are the glandular parts …

Exploring Physiology Instructors’ Use Of Core Concepts: Pedagogical Factors That Influence Choice Of Course Topics, Jeremy L. Hsu, Patricia A. Halpin

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The physiology core concepts are designed to guide instructors in undergraduate physiology courses. However, although past work has characterized the alignment of physiology programs with the core concepts, it is unclear to what extent these core concepts have influenced instructors’ pedagogical decisions or how represented these core concepts are across physiology courses. We surveyed undergraduate physiology instructors to determine their familiarity with the core concepts, the impact of the core concepts on their teaching, as well as the alignment of their courses with these core concepts. Instructors report predominantly relying on textbooks and past syllabi of their courses as resources …

Study On The Stability Of Lipase Of Terminally Cyclized Thermomyces Lanuginosus, Song Wen, Wu Xia-Xia, Lou Hai-Wei, Fang Hui-Min

Food and Machinery

Objective: To obtain industrial standard lipase with high activity and stability, Butelase 1 ligase was used to connect the N- and C-termini of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL), and then the protein characteristics, including heat stability, protease resistance, and enzymatic kinetics were analyzed. Methods: His6 affinity column was used to purify recombinant Butelase 1 (rButelase 1) and TLL (rTLL) from mammalian cells and E. co- li; rButelase 1 to was utilized connect the N- and C-termini of rTLL to generate circular rTLL (cTLL); the enzymatic activity, the heat stability, the protease resistance, the resistance to heat-induced precipitation, and …

Effects Of Coconut Powder On Thermomechanical Rheology Properties Of Wheat Flour, Li Ming, Sheng Zheng, Li Ze-Jun, Zhang Hai-Hua

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to develop coconut utilization in wheat dough products, the effects of coconut powder on the thermomechanical rheology properties of wheat flour was studied. Methods: Freeze dried coconut flour and wheat flour were mixed in different proportions, then mixed flour was analyzed by GB/T 37511—2019 of Mixolab mixing instrument. Results: The changes of the properties of gluten and starch in wheat flour were analyzed and discussed respectively. It was found that coconut powder had great effects on the properties of both starch and gluten. As the increase of coconut powder, the water absorption of mixed …

Structural And Transient Kinetic Analysis On Mechanism-Based Inactivators Of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase, Arseniy Butrin

Dissertations

HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma, MBI, Mechanism-based inactivator, OAT, Ornithine Aminotransferase

The Roles Of A Probiotic Exopolysaccharide In Breast Cancer, Mai Rachel Nguyen

Dissertations

breast cancer, exopolysaccharide, probiotic

Amino Acids, Microbiota-Related Metabolites, And The Risk Of Incident Diabetes Among Normoglycemic Chinese Adults: Findings From The 4c Study, Shuangyuan Wang, Mian Li, Hong Lin, Guixia Wang, Yu Xu, Xinjie Zhao, Chunyan Hu, Yi Zhang, Ruizhi Zheng, Ruying Hu, Lixin Shi, Rui Du, Qing Su, Jiqiu Wang, Yuhong Chen, Xuefeng Yu, Li Yan, Tiange Wang, Zhiyun Zhao, Ruixin Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Qi Li, Guijun Qin, Qin Wan, Gang Chen, Min Xu, Meng Dai, Di Zhang, Xulei Tang, Zhengnan Gao, Feixia Shen, Zuojie Luo, Yingfen Qin, Li Chen, Yanan Huo, Qiang Li, Zhen Ye, Yinfei Zhang, Chao Liu, Youmin Wang, Shengli Wu, Tao Yang, Huacong Deng, Jiajun Zhao, Shenghan Lai, Yiming Mu, Lulu Chen, Donghui Li, Guowang Xu, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Yufang Bi, Jieli Lu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although previous studies suggest that amino acids (AAs) and microbiota-related metabolites (MRMs) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the results remain unclear among normoglycemic populations. We test 28 serum AAs and 22 MRMs in 3,414 subjects with incident diabetes and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, per SD increment of branched-chain AAs, aromatic AAs, asparagine, alanine, glutamic acid, homoserine, 2-aminoadipic acid, histidine, methionine, and proline are positively associated with incident T2DM. In the MRM panel, serum carnitines, N-acetyltryptophan, and uric acid are positively associated with …

Stress Amelioration And Anti-Inflammatory Potential Of Shiikuwasha (Citrus Depressa Hayata) Essential Oil, Limonene, And Γ-Terpinene, Yonathan Asikin, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Hironori Iwasaki, Hirosuke Oku, Koji Wada

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) essential oil (SEO) extracted from Shiikuwasha fruit pulp contains two major volatile components, limonene and γ-terpinene (56.56–57.31 and 24.41–24.98%, respectively). In this study, we showed that the aroma streams of SEO, limonene, and γ-terpinene exhibited significant physiological stress amelioration effects in nine healthy female panelists tested in a 30-min visual display task. While SEO administration significantly reduced work errors by 15 min compared to the odorless control condition, the limonene stream reduced work errors only at the first and fourth 5-min intervals, and the γ-terpinene effect lasted only for the initial 5-min. However, γ-terpinene inhalation …

Exploring The Relationship Between Metabolite Composition And The Cold/Hot Properties Ascribed In Traditional Chinese Medicine By Mass Spectral Molecular Networking–A Pilot Study, Chun-Han Su, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Kuei-Hung Lai, Yu-Chia Chang, Chi-Hui Sun, Po-Wen Tu, Ching-Chih Lin, Tsong-Long Hwang, Yu-Liang Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied to improve human health for millennia. In the TCM system, “medicinal property” (yao xing; hot and cold properties) is a core concept used to describe the influences of medicinal materials on human physiological conditions, and metabolites are believed to be one of the major ingredients of TCMs that affect their medicinal property. However, due to a lack of comprehensive analyses of TCM metabolomes, information about the relationships between TCM metabolite composition and medicinal property remains limited. In this pilot study, a mass spectral molecular networking-based platform was established and applied to …

Physiological Responses To Speed-Matched Running On Non-Motorized Assault Airrunner Versus Traditional Treadmills In Active Females: A Pilot Study, Noelle Morrow, Kayla Mitchell, Hannah Weighart, Diana Alonzo, Stephen Ives

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 1262-1273, 2022. Treadmills are utilized as a training tool to improve aerobic fitness, but precise understanding of intensity and the corresponding physiological strain is critical for optimizing exercise prescription and associated adaptations. Running on non-motorized, curved treadmills may result in greater oxygen uptake (VO₂), increased heart rate (HR), and increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to traditional motorized treadmills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses on non-motorized versus traditional motorized treadmills during speed-matched running. Participants were 4 college-aged, recreationally active females. HR, VO₂, respiratory …

Can Body Mass Index Influence The Skin Temperature Of Adolescents? A Preliminary Study With The Use Of Infrared Thermography, Hamilton Henrique Teixeira Reis, Ciro José Brito, Alisson Gomes Da Silva, Manuel Sillero-Quintana, Victória Esther Teixeria Reis, Francisco Zacaron Werneck, Ismael Fernández-Cuevas, Matheus Santos Cerqueira, João Carlos Bouzas Marins

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

– Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used to assess skin temperature (Tsk), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as an important tool in medical screening not only of the general population, but also of young athletes. However, the subcutaneous adipose tissue can act as an insulator when the Tsk is assessed by IRT, modifying the normal Tsk data and leading to their misinterpretation. Considering that the body mass index (BMI) is an important predictor of obesity, the objective of this study was to verify if the Tsk measured by IRT is affected by the BMI in adolescents. A preliminary study was …

Drosophila Melanogaster As A Model For Male Reproductive System Ethanol Toxicity, Gbemisola Ilelaboye

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used in different types of research as a model organism due to its high reproductivity, short life span, and easy maintenance. In this paper, we examined drosophila as a model for ethanol toxicity in the male reproductive system. We developed three assays: The DAPI assay, sperm viability assay, and tubulin staining assay. The DAPI assay is a nuclear staining assay that assesses the effects of various ethanol concentrations in late spermiogenesis in which increased detrimental effects to the sperm bundles were observed. The second assay consisted of the sperm viability assay which showed an increase …

Promoting Validation And Cross-Phylogenetic Integration In Model Organism Research., Keith C Cheng, Rebecca D Burdine, Mary E Dickinson, Stephen C Ekker, Alex Y Lin, K C Kent Lloyd, Cathleen Lutz, Calum A Macrae, John H Morrison, David H O'Connor, John H Postlethwait, Crystal D Rogers, Susan Sanchez, Julie H Simpson, William S Talbot, Douglas C Wallace, Jill M Weimer, Hugo J Bellen

Faculty Research 2022

Model organism (MO) research provides a basic understanding of biology and disease due to the evolutionary conservation of the molecular and cellular language of life. MOs have been used to identify and understand the function of orthologous genes, proteins, cells and tissues involved in biological processes, to develop and evaluate techniques and methods, and to perform whole-organism-based chemical screens to test drug efficacy and toxicity. However, a growing richness of datasets and the rising power of computation raise an important question: How do we maximize the value of MOs? In-depth discussions in over 50 virtual presentations organized by the National …

Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals With Excess Weight: Weight Trajectory Effects, Arthur H Owora, David B Allison, Xuan Zhang, Nana Gletsu-Miller, Kishore M Gadde

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among individuals with overweight or obesity is well-established; however, questions remain about the temporal dynamics of weight change (gain or loss) on the natural course of T2D in this at-risk population. Existing epidemiologic evidence is limited to studies that discretely sample and assess excess weight and T2D risk at different ages with limited follow-up, yet changes in weight may have time-varying and possibly non-linear effects on T2D risk. Predicting the impact of weight change on the risk of T2D is key to informing primary prevention. We critically review the …

Human Total, Basal And Activity Energy Expenditures Are Independent Of Ambient Environmental Temperature, Xueying Zhang, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Ellen E Blaak, Maciej S Buchowski, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Michael Gurven, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, William R Leonard, Corby K Martin, Erwin P Meijer, Marian L Neuhouser, Robert M Ojiambo, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Susan B Racette, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Edgar A Van Mil, Brian M Wood, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Herman Pontzer, John R Speakman, Iaea Dlw Database Consortium

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (−10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships between TEE, BEE and Ta emerged in females but the effect sizes were not biologically meaningful. Temperatures inside buildings are regulated at 18–25°C independent of latitude. Hence, adults in the US modify their environments to keep TEE constant across a wide range of external ambient temperatures.

The Association Of Cuzd1 And Stat5 In Adipocytes, Zachary Wigger

LSU Master's Theses

Obesity is a metabolic disorder that has turned into a global epidemic over the past few decades. Adipocyte dysfunction brought on by obesity can lead to increased risk of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Knowing how adipocytes function to regulate metabolic homeostasis is critical. CUZD1 (CUB and Zona Pellucida-like Domain-containing protein 1) has not been studied in the context of adipocyte biology but could play a role in several metabolic processes. CUZD1 has been suggested to be a biomarker for several inflammatory diseases and cancers but little functional data has been published. There …

A Bioinformatics Analysis Of Microbial Diversity And Its Correlation With Human Lifestyle, Diet, And Health Variables, Alivia Ankrum, Kate Cooper

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The abundant impact of microbiota on human physiology suggests a need for exploration into their impact on human health and disease. The American Gut Project (AGP) was established to aggregate microbiome sequencing data as well as health, diet, and lifestyle metadata. This study proposes to identify taxonomic species and build a phylogenetic tree representation from the AGP participant sample collection as well as find their respective alpha and beta diversity of all metadata variables based on patient questionnaire data. Additionally, this study will involve a chimeric sequence extraction from the 16S rRNA sequences of the AGP. The expected results are …

Validation Of Non-Invasive Co2 Tolerance Field Test, Joshua T. Murphey

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Breathwork, or the specific act of controlling breathing to elicit a desired outcome, is not only a potential way to improve one’s mental well-being but also to alter adaptative responses through gas exchange at the capillary level. Increasing tolerance to carbon dioxide (CO₂) has been positively correlated with improvement in athletic performance and reduction of stress and anxiety. However, there does not exist a validated non-invasive test to accurately measure one’s tolerance to CO₂. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to validate the only currently known CO₂ tolerance (CO₂T) field test …

Engineering Of Ideal Systems For The Study And Direction Of Stem Cell Asymmetrical Division And Fate Determination, Martina Zamponi

Biomedical Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The cellular microenvironment varies significantly across tissues, and it is constituted by both resident cells and the macromolecules they are exposed to. Cues that the cells receive from the microenvironment, as well as the signaling transmitted to it, affect their physiology and behavior. This notion is valid in the context of stem cells, which are susceptible to biochemical and biomechanical signaling exchanged with the microenvironment, and which plays a fundamental role in establishing fate determination and cell differentiation events. The definition of the molecular mechanisms that drive stem cell asymmetrical division, and how these are modulated by microenvironmental signaling, is …

Influence Of Guideline Operationalization On Youth Activity Prevalence In The International Children’S Accelerometry Database, Catherine Gammon, Andrew J. Atkin, Kirsten Corder, Ulf Ekelund, Bjorge Herman Hansen, Lauren B. Sherar, Lars Bo Anderson, Sigmund Anderssen, Rachel Davey, Pedro C. Hallal, Russell Jago, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Soyang Kwon, Kate Nothstone, Russell R. Pate Ph.D., J. O. Salmon, Luis B. Sardinha, Esther M.F. Sluijs

Faculty Publications

Introduction

The United Kingdom and World Health Organization recently changed their youth physical activity (PA) guidelines from 60 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) every day, to an average of 60 min of MVPA per day, over a week. The changes are based on expert opinion due to insufficient evidence comparing health outcomes associated with different guideline definitions. This study used the International Children’s Accelerometry Database to compare approaches to calculating youth PA compliance and associations with health indicators.

Methods

Cross-sectional accelerometer data (n = 21,612, 5–18 yr) were used to examine compliance with four guideline definitions: daily …

Differential Effects Of Protein Isolates On The Gut Microbiome Under High And Low Fiber Conditions, Marissa Behounek

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Protein isolates are a growing market share in the food industry both as food ingredients and as supplements. All dietary habits can influence and alter the gut microbiome; however, little is known about how protein isolates from different sources will change the composition and function of the gut microbiota under high and low fiber conditions. The study aims to determine the microbiome response to plant and animal protein isolates under high- and low-dietary fiber (H/LDF) conditions. Six commercially available protein isolates (beef, egg white, milk, pea, and two soy protein isolates) were subjected to in vitro enzymatic digestion and dialysis …

You Eat How You Think: A Review On The Impact Of Cognitive Styles On Food Perception And Behavior, Thadeus L. Beekman, Philip Glen Crandall, Han-Seok Seo

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Sensory perception is understood to be a complex area of research that requires investigations from a variety of different perspectives. Although researchers have tried to better understand consumers' perception of food, one area that has been minimally explored is how psychological cognitive theories can help them explain consumer perceptions, behaviors, and decisions in food-related experiences. The concept of cognitive styles has existed for nearly a century, with the majority of cognitive style theories existing along a continuum with two bookends. Some of the more common theories such as individualist-collectivist, left-brain-right-brain, and convergent-divergent theories each offered their own unique insight into …

Overweight And Obesity Challenges Among African Americans In Rural Alabama Black Belt, Joel Tumwebaze, Johnpaul Kagulire, Norma L. Dawkins

Journal of Extension

This study aimed at averting challenges of overweight and obesity among African Americans in rural Alabama. Focus group discussions and surveys were used to design a 12-week nutrition education and physical activity program. Results showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in participants’ knowledge scores. Values for systolic blood pressure significantly reduced (p<0.00). There was an increase in number of participants with normal blood pressure and a reduction in number of participants with stage 2 hypertension. The study highlights that nutrition education and physical activity can lead to improved health outcomes among African Americans in rural Alabama.

Deciphering Taxa-Function Relationships In Population-Level Studies Of Human Gut Microbiomes, Quang P. Nguyen

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The human gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, featuring a multitude of microbes all interacting with their hosts in an elaborate manner. Even though this exchange is often mediated through microbial metabolic and functional outputs, such as the production of certain metabolites, environmental exposures, and host lifestyle are highly influential in shaping the presence of microbial species irrespective of their individual roles. As such, a comprehensive understanding of the microbiome requires researchers to examine the relationship between taxonomic abundance and function simultaneously. Assessing microbial contributions to important ecosystem services can enable identification of robust functions supported by a …