Digital Commons Network^™

Investigating Caveolar Systems: Spatiotemporal Quantification Of Caveolin-1 And The Mechanotransducive Function Of Ehd2, Jasper Stanae Farrington

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Caveolae are 50-100nm cholesterol rich flask shaped invaginations found in many differentiated cells. Namely, these structures have been seen to be abundant in endothelial cells where they are involved in many signaling contexts. However, under mechanical stress, the characteristics of caveolae alter, flattening to increase membrane compliance, while displaced proteins can shift from structural roles to mechanosensitive signaling functions. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is the principal protein required for Caveolar formation while Eps15 Homology Domain Containing Protein 2 (EHD2) is a membrane ATPase that acts to stabilize caveolae at the surface. Despite their emerging importance, understanding the organization and dynamic regulation of …

The Posture Of Recovery; A Quantitative Analysis Of Post-Exercise Heart Rate Restorateion In College Athletes, Matthew Scott Ferriter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Heart rate recovery (HRR) has been frequently used as a noninvasive indicator of autonomic reactivity following high-intensity exercise. However, limited research has explored the effects of post-exercise body posture (PEBP) on HRR following acute bouts of high-intensity exercise in collegiate athletes. The purpose of this quantitative repeated-measures experimental study was to investigate if recovery posture (supine [SUP]; tripod [TRI]; standing upright [SU]) affected HRR during the first five minutes following a standardized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session. Thirty-seven collegiate athletes completed three total testing sessions. Participants completed all three recovery posture conditions in a randomized order. Heart rate (HR) was …

Relationships Between Lower Body Anthropometrics And Vertical Force-Velocity Profiles In Collegiate American Football Players, Nicholus Adam Despot

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The study examined the relationships between lower-body anthropometric characteristics and vertical force-velocity profiles in collegiate American football players. Although the use of force-velocity profiling has increased significantly in recent years, there has been limited research on the association between structural features and key mechanical outputs. A sample of 16 NAIA football players was used to examine how skeletal breadths, girths, and derived ratios relate to key force-velocity metrics. Anthropometric variables were collected using ISAK standards, while force-velocity profiles were obtained through a series of loaded squat jumps on a force platform. Mean propulsive force, velocity and power were used to …

Analysis Of Early Menopause And Endometriosis Genetics Merit In Use Of Polygenic Risk Assessments For Prediction, Emily Solomon

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

Endometriosis and Early Menopause are reproductive conditions that are under research in women's health. Both conditions impact a woman’s quality of life through severity of symptoms and associated risk factors and are influenced by genetic, hormonal and environmental elements. Both conditions have extensive and growing genetic knowledge that is being used to calculate either an increased or decreased risk of condition development. The array of genetic data shows promises in predicting risk for both conditions, as well as certain symptoms, to contribute to a personalized predictive tool to guide management of care. Endometriosis benefits from a potential polygenic risk assessment …

Mindful Parenting And Toddlers' Food Responsiveness: The Role Of Controlling Feeding Practices, Qingyu Jiang, Holly Wilhite, Natalie A. Williams, Dipti A. Dev, Caron A. C. Clark, Pearl Avari, Sarah B. Ladd

Journal of Extension

Controlling feeding practices may negatively impact children's eating behaviors. Mindful parenting may offer a promising way to reduce the use of these practices. This study examined the mediating role of pressuring children to eat and using food as a reward in the association between mindful parenting and toddlers' food responsiveness. Results indicated that higher levels of mindful parenting were associated with lower pressuring to eat, which was related to lower food responsiveness in toddlers. The results may inform Extension professionals providing mindfulness strategies for mothers of young children to improve feeding practices, ultimately reducing children's unhealthful eating behaviors.

Osteoporosis Knowledge, Health Beliefs, And Calcium Intake Among Malaysian Chinese Adults In Perak: A Cross-Sectional Study, Thean Hui Ru, Nurul Aimi Ab Kadir, Fatin Izzaty Mohd Shahrin

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The Malaysian Chinese population records the highest national prevalence of osteoporotic hip fractures. This study investigated the relationships between osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and calcium intake among Malaysian Chinese adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 Malaysian Chinese adults in Kampar, Perak, using the adapted Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT), Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS), and a 30-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).

Results: Participants demonstrated low osteoporosis knowledge (6.84 ± 2.92), with low perceived susceptibility (14.87 ± 5.00), moderate perceived seriousness (17.81 ± 5.20), and barriers to calcium intake (15.61 ± 4.15), and …

Technologies To Remoisturize Alfalfa In The Windrow For Baling, Earl Creech, Ryan Larsen, Matt Yost, Mark Nelson, Mckenna Barney

All Current Publications

Having the correct moisture at the time of baling is critical to maximizing economic return. In 2020 and 2021, researchers at Utah State University studied moisturization technologies to determine their impact on alfalfa yield, quality, and economic return. This fact sheet provides a research overview and study results on bale moisture and weight, yield, quality, and visual appearance. An economic analysis is also included.

Hemodynamic Characterization Of Cardiac Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury Using A Controlled Cortical Impact Model In Male Rats, Preston So, Amit Iyengar, Noah Weingarten, Mrinal Patel, Jessica Dominic, Andrew Belec, Joyce Ho, Samuel Shin, Pavan Atluri

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction that worsens clinical outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly under stood. Clinical studies are limited by heterogeneity, highlighting the need for con trolled experimental models. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) provides precise control of injury severity, and invasive pressure- volume (PV) loop analysis allows detailed hemodynamic assessment. Adult male Wistar rats underwent sham op eration or mild or severe CCI- induced TBI. PV- loop assessment and transtho racic echocardiography were performed at 8 or 24 h after TBI or sham. Serum epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) were quantified by ELISA. At …

Expression Profiling And Bioinformatic Characterization Of Depalmitoylation-Associated Genes During Sh-Sy5y Neuronal Differentiation, Ayesha Lodhi

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification involving covalent attachment of palmitoyl groups to cysteine residues. Till date, 23 members of this family have been identified in mammals, located in Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum and nearly 40% of synaptic proteins are estimated undergo palmitoylation. These proteins include vesicle fusion proteins (SNARE), signaling molecules, ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors such as gamma-aminobutyric acidreceptors, kainate receptors and glutamate receptors. While its role in neuronal function has been widely recognized, comparatively little is known about how depalmitoylation-associated enzymes are regulated during neuronal differentiation. The present study aimed to characterize changes in depalmitoylation-associated gene …

Integrative Rna-Seq Analysis Reveals Stress Type-Dependent Lncrna-Centered Co-Expression Networks Across Human Cellular Stress Contexts, Christina Anastasiadi, Aggeliki Kasapi, Ioannis Sentementes, Vasileios Gouzouasis, Margaritis Tsifintaris, Antonis Giannakakis

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cellular adaptation to environmental and molecular stress, but the extent to which their responses remain reproducible and stress-type-dependent across human stress conditions remains unclear. Here, we performed an integrative transcriptomic meta-analysis of human stress-response datasets from ASTRA and GEO, focusing on normal, non-cancerous, wild-type human cell lines exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2), hypoxia, heat stress, or UV-induced DNA damage. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed (DE) protein-coding mRNAs confirmed that the resulting stress-stratified comparison captured biologically coherent transcriptional programmes to oxidative stress signaling, hypoxic and metabolic adaptation, heat-induced …

Synthesis, Utilization And Biological Evaluation Of Β-Hairpin Peptides As Inhibitors Of Immune Checkpoints, Sarah Naylon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Peptide therapeutics have emerged as promising alternatives to monoclonal antibodies because of their smaller size, improved tissue penetration, and synthetic versatility. Yet their broader application is often limited by poor structural stability, rapid clearance, and reduced target residence times. This dissertation describes the design, synthesis, structural characterization, and biological evaluation of β-hairpin peptides as inhibitors of immune checkpoints and as peptide vaccine scaffolds while developing strategies to overcome these limitations. At first a series of antibody-derived β-hairpin peptides (mimics of complementary determining region heavy-chain 3: CDR-H3s) as covalent inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint were investigated. Electrophilic warheads were incorporated …

Enhancing Tea Productivity Through Integrated Fertilization And Pruning Management: A Review, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Murgayanti, Muhamad Kadapi, Syariful Mubarok, Uum Umiyati, Salsabilah, Alifatul Azmi, Afifah Putri Ramadhan, Trifani Hana Husniah, Rosita, Azkal Azkiya

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tea productivity is strongly influenced by agronomic management practices, particularly fertilization and pruning, which play critical roles in regulating plant growth, physiological performance, and shoot regeneration. This review aims to synthesize current scientific evidence on how integrated fertilization and pruning management can sustainably enhance tea productivity. A narrative review approach was employed by collecting and analyzing peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 from reputable databases, including Google Scholar and major international journals. The review highlights that balanced fertilization strategies, combining inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers, significantly improve nutrient availability, photosynthetic efficiency, and shoot yield. Pruning, when properly timed and executed, …

Performance Of Dual-Form Terminalia Catappa Organic Fertilizers On Sweet Corn Yield And Economic Viability In Tropical Highlands, Stefina Liana Sari, Eso Solihin, Rahmat Budiarto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Recycling underutilized plant biomass into organic fertilizers underpins low-input cropping strategies, but liquid and solid formulations derived from a common feedstock have seldom been evaluated side by side under field conditions. This study aimed to (i) characterize the physicochemical properties and safety profile of a liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and a crumb-type organic fertilizer (COF) co-produced from Terminalia catappa leaf compost, (ii) compare their effects on sweet corn growth and yield, (iii) determine relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE), and (iv) evaluate economic feasibility of the most promising organic–inorganic combinations. We produced LOF and COF through aerobic composting of Terminalia catappa leaves …

The Effect Of Silica-Enriched Rice Husk Biochar And Npk Fertilizer On Soil Total Nitrogen, Nitrogen Uptake, And Yield Of Lowland Rice, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Oviyanti Mulyani, Ania Citraresmini, Meddy Rachmadi, Kharmelia Sandra Livia

Jurnal Kultivasi

Rice production in Indonesia increasingly relies on agricultural intensification, which can accelerate soil degradation and reduce fertilizer-use efficiency. Therefore, sustainable soil management is needed to maintain soil fertility. Silica-enriched rice husk biochar (biochar-silica) is a promising soil amendment because it improves soil properties and nutrient retention. This study evaluated the effects of biochar-silica and NPK fertilization on soil total nitrogen, nitrogen uptake, and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted from September 2025 to January 2026 using a two-factor randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and three replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of …

Land-Use Transitions And Carbon Emissions Of Aquaculture Expansion In The Brazilian Amazon, Felipe S. Pacheco, Sebastian A. Heilpern, Rafael M. Almeida, Suresh A. Sethi, Marcela Miranda, Nicholas Ray, Laura Greenstreet, Joshua Fan, Brendan H. Rappazzo, Marcelo Gomes Da Silva

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Accounting for land-use change underlying food sector expansion is critical for conserving ecosystem integrity. This challenge is particularly acute in the Amazon, where the conversion of forests for food production is pronounced and has broad implications for global biodiversity and the cycling of water and carbon. Here, we analyze land-use transitions associated with aquaculture development in the Brazilian Amazon. We found that a 450-fold increase in aquaculture pond area from 1985 to 2022 occurred primarily on pasturelands (87%) but also included wetland conversion (4%) and deforestation (5%). Notably, continued growth can be sustained within already altered landscapes: In Rondônia, the …

Palmnet: Confidence-Calibrated Edge-Cloud Ai For Field Diagnosis Of Date Palm Diseases, Muntadher Kareem, Raed Majeed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a cornerstone crop for Iraq and the wider MENA region, yet reliable in-field diagnosis of leaf disorders remains slow, labour-intensive, and constrained by a limited pool of agronomists. This paper presents PalmNet, a full-stack diagnostic system that classifies nine leaf conditions through a calibrated edge-cloud framework. The system is developed and evaluated on a public dataset of 3,089 field images spanning the nine classes, using a 70/15/15 stratified split. A ShuffleNetV2 student network, distilled from a ConvNeXt-Tiny teacher, is deployed on two complementary edge endpoints: a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W field station …

Correlation And Redundancy Analysis Of Statistical Features For Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Fault Detection, Ibrahim Muhammad, Benjamin Olabisi Akinloye

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Feature selection plays a critical role in designing efficient and interpretable condition monitoring frameworks for electrical drives. In this paper, a correlation analysis of statistical and spectral features is performed for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) fault detection in naval windlass systems. Using both simulated data from a MATLAB/Simulink model and real shipboard current signals acquired from five Nigerian Navy vessels over one-month monitoring periods, higher-order statistical moments (Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, Skewness, Kurtosis) and the Fault Severity Index (FSI) were computed alongside Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to quantify feature relationships under healthy and faulty …

Robust Soil Moisture Content Detection Based On Data Augmentation Under Different Testing Conditions, Yang Li, Chenghao Liu, Jing Nie, Jingbin Li

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Accurate and cost-effective monitoring of soil moisture content is essential for the development of precision agriculture and the optimization of water resource management. While low-frequency acoustic signals are used to detect soil moisture content, models trained with controlled laboratory acoustic data often exhibit significant performance degradation with field data due to their sensitivity to environmental noise, soil heterogeneity, and structural variations. This study proposes a novel framework to enhance model robustness and generalization by integrating a WGAN-GP network data augmentation strategy into the soil moisture content workflow. This framework is designed to generate high-quality and diverse data on different soil …

The Effects Of Hypoxia On Balance Systems, Samuel Drescher Drescher, Heather Bond, Allysa Hayden, Victoria Cornaro, Brandon Ibarra, Noah Clark, Frank Cunningham Iv, Carolina Ferreira, Sierra Martinez, Katie Stubits

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Hypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen availability to body tissues, is known to impair physiological and cognitive function, particularly at high altitudes above 15,000 ft. However, the effects of mild hypoxia (10,000–15,000 ft) remain less well understood. This study, conducted by the department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, investigates the impact of mild hypoxia at 12,000 ft on human balance systems. Specifically, it examines the three primary components of balance: visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. Participants complete nine balance tasks under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Tasks are structured to progressively limit sensory input: …

Integrative Evidence For Cryptic Diversity In The Thomomys Mazama Species Complex: Phylogenetics, Cranial Morphometrics, And Ecological Niche Modeling, Jessica Kate St. Michael

Dissertations and Theses

The population genetic structure and geographic distribution of the pocket gopher genus Thomomys Wied-Neuwied, 1839, lends itself to speciation events. Conserved morphology, ecological specialization, and high rates of molecular evolution may increase the probability of allopatric speciation, thereby contributing to the presence of morphologically cryptic taxa. In light of these patterns of evolution, we assessed genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships, cranial morphometric differentiation, and ecological divergence among taxa in the Thomomys mazama species complex to test the hypothesis that T. mazama is a single species. Species delimitation analysis using Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and data from the mitochondrial cytochrome …

Instruction Guide, Mark C. Hall

Analytical Biochemistry: A Practical Handbook for Undergraduates

The instruction guide provides useful information for setting up and running the lab activities each week and assessing student preparation, performance, and comprehension.

New Locality Records And Future Habitat Suitability Of Sassanidotus Gracilis (Birula, 1900) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) In The Iran–Afghanistan–Pakistan Arid Belt, Ersen A. Yağmur, Kerim Çiçek, Homa Barati, Mohammad Moradi

Euscorpius

This study reports new locality records from Iran and a climate-based habitat suitability assessment for Sassanidotus gracilis (Birula, 1900) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the Iran–Afghanistan–Pakistan arid belt. We document new specimens from Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, with an updated distribution map and illustrations, and we model the species' potential distribution across south-eastern Iran and adjacent parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Habitat suitability was associated mainly with precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month, and slope. In an arid setting these rainfall variables are unlikely to indicate a need for moist habitat; they more plausibly track …

Clara S. Ludlow: Mississippi A & M Graduate And American Military Entomology Pioneer, Bradley Brazzeal

Midsouth Entomologist

The systematic study of the mosquitoes of the world did not begin until the early years of the 20^th century. Among the early entomologists to specialize in the field was Clara S. Ludlow, who graduated from Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College. Her research began in the Philippines in 1901, while American troops were still fighting in the Philippine-American War, and for over 20 years she researched mosquitoes in connection with the U.S. Army. This article explores Ludlow’s scientific career and the legacy of her research.

Interplay Between Patterning And Morphogenesis During Zebrafish Embryonic Development, Chia-Teng Chang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Patterning and morphogenesis occur concurrently during embryonic development. In many contexts, both processes are regulated by morphogen signaling: morphogens specify spatially organized cell identities while also influencing the cell behaviors that shape tissues. This creates a reciprocal problem. Morphogen signaling can affect how cells move, while cell movement can change how cells experience and interpret morphogen signals. This dissertation investigates this reciprocal problem during zebrafish gastrulation and neurulation. First, it examines how the ventral-to-dorsal bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity gradient regulates germ-layer morphogenesis during gastrulation. BMP signaling is known to pattern dorsal–ventral cell fate and regulate mesodermal convergence and extension …

Scalable And Accurate Computational Frameworks For Complex Genetic Variants: From Repeat Expansion Discovery To Somatic Mosaicism Benchmarking, Zitian Tang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers a comprehensive view of genetic variation in human disease, but translating sequencing data into reliable biological and clinical insight depends on both the deployment of appropriate computational tools and the availability of rigorous benchmarking resources to evaluate them. This dissertation addresses both requirements through two complementary lines of work. In a cohort of 788 patients with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (IPN) from the Peripheral Neuropathy Research Registry, a WGS-based pipeline integrating ExpansionHunter Denovo and ExpansionHunter with unsupervised genotype clustering identified biallelic RFC1 AAGGG repeat expansions in 2.3% of all IPN cases and 6.9% of patients with pure …

Malnutrition Risk, Nutrition Insecurity, Barriers, And Facilitators To Dietary Management Among Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease In The Us Rocky Mountain Region: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study, Heather Burr, Carrie Durward, Korry Hintze, Getrude Mphwanthe

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Student Research

We conducted an online cross-sectional study to assess malnutrition risk, food and nutrition insecurity, and perceived barriers and facilitators to dietary management among adults (18–64 years old) with a self-reported clinical diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in outpatient and community settings. We assessed malnutrition risk using the Saskatchewan IBD-Nutrition Risk screening tool, food security risk using the two-item Hunger Vital Signs questionnaire, and nutrition security risk using a validated four-item tool. Open-ended questions elucidated barriers and facilitators to dietary management of IBD. Among 57 participants who self-reported a clinical diagnosis of IBD, 52.6% (n = 30/57) had ulcerative colitis, …

Malt1 Protease Inhibition Restrains Glioblastoma Progression By Reversing Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Dependent Immunosuppression In Mice, Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja, Saigopalakrishna Yerneni, Lisa Maurer, Hannah Crentsil, Gabriela Debom, Linda Klei, Mei Smyers, Chaim Sneiderman, Kristina Schwab, Rajesh Acharya, Aivi Nguyen, Josie Emery, John Little, Jeffrey Meridew, Yijen Lin Wu, Prasanna Ekambaram, Dong Hu, Pete Gough, John Bertin, Ari Melnick, Gary Kohanbash, Riyue Bao, Peter Lucas, Linda Mcallister-Lucas

College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers

MALT1 protease is an intracellular signaling molecule that promotes tumor progression via cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. MALT1 has been mostly studied in lymphocytes, and little is known about its role in tumor-associated macrophages. We show that MALT1 is expressed in glioblastoma (GBM)-associated macrophages. Mechanistically, GBM tumor cells induce a MALT1-NF-κB signaling axis in macrophages, leading to enhanced macrophage migration and polarization toward an immunosuppressive ('M2-like') phenotype. Inactivation of MALT1 protease promotes transcriptional reprogramming that reduces migration and restores a macrophage anti-tumor 'M1-like' phenotype. Preclinical in vivo analysis shows that MALT1 inhibitor treatment results in immuno-reactivity of GBM-associated macrophages …

Escherichia Coli Concentrations In Sand And Water At Tributary-Influenced Lake Michigan Beaches, Josie Elaine Kuhlman

Masters Theses

Contamination of public recreational water and sand is a human health concern, creating a management challenge for public health officials. Past research has shown that Escherichia coli can persist in sediment and can be washed into recreational water. Currently, beach monitoring practices only utilize E. coli concentrations in water samples to determine beach safety and do not consider potential exposure to sediment/sand concentrations. In this study, I investigated the relationship between E. coli concentrations in water and sand samples, which will aid public health officials in making more informed decisions about beach closures. I utilized culture-based measurements of E. coli …

Transcriptomic Profiling Of The Donkey Endometrium Reveals Dynamic Molecular Transitions Across The Estrous Cycle, Limeng Shi, Shuaishuai Wu, Mingyue Zhao, Wenhao Zhou, Abd Ullah, Muhammmad F. Akhtar, Changfa Wang, Muhammad Z. Khan, Ying Han

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The endometrium undergoes extensive cyclical remodeling essential for reproductive success; however, the molecular mechanisms governing these processes in donkeys (Equus asinus) remain poorly characterized. To address this gap, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing on endometrial tissues collected from Dezhou donkeys (n = 16) at four post-ovulation stages: Day 0 (ovulation), Day 3 (early luteal), Day 7 (mid-luteal), and Day 18 (late luteal/pre-luteolysis). Differential gene expression analysis, Gene Ontology enrichment, and KEGG pathway mapping were conducted to characterize temporal transcriptomic dynamics. We identified 2,474, 6,548, and 1,288 differentially expressed genes in Day 0 versus Day 3, Day 0 versus …

Adaptive Phishing Url Detection Using Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means Clustering And Xgboost, Muntadher Mohammed Kareem, Rawaa I. Farhan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Phishing attacks continue to evolve in sophistication, rendering static detection methods increasingly ineffective. Existing URL-based approaches suffer from limited adaptability to emerging phishing patterns, mislabeled training data, and insufficient validation protocols. This paper proposes a hybrid phishing URL detection system that integrates Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering with XGBoost classification, enhanced by a novel Micro Adaptive Feature Extractor (MAFE). The system employs a multi-stage pipeline: feature engineering generating 36 statistical and interaction features, MAFE producing 15 adaptive features through class-aware dynamic weighting, micro-pattern detection, and entropy analysis, and FCM with K=2 clusters providing soft membership features to XGBoost. A two-pass confidence-based …