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Variability Of The Ground Stone Artifacts From Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ (Pp. 107–130), Yorke M. Rowan Jan 2025

Variability Of The Ground Stone Artifacts From Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ (Pp. 107–130), Yorke M. Rowan

'Atiqot

A total of 120 ground stone artifacts were recovered from the excavations at Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ. They represent an atypical group, presumably reflecting the distinct activities carried out in the different areas at the site. Many hammerstones were found in relation to rock-cut cupmarks, which are thought to have been used for the processing of agricultural products. Many basalt vessels were retrieved as well, including fenestrated stands and fine bowls, some exhibiting exterior decoration. The quality and quantity of the Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ assemblage suggests that the site’s inhabitants participated in networks distributing prestige objects, such as the basalt bowls; alternatively, stone …


Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ: A Chalcolithic Habitation Site And Agricultural Installations In The Shephelah Foothills (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Deborah A. Sklar-Parnes, And By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 1–87), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Dorit Lazar Jan 2025

Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ: A Chalcolithic Habitation Site And Agricultural Installations In The Shephelah Foothills (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Deborah A. Sklar-Parnes, And By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 1–87), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Dorit Lazar

'Atiqot

Excavations at the site revealed the remains of a Chalcolithic broadroom building and adjacent activity areas, which were used for processing agricultural produce and the storing thereof. Two karstic caves were used intermittently during the Chalcolithic period and Early Bronze Age I for domestic and burial purposes. Also uncovered was a single shaft tomb, dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age, various rock-cut installations and three limekilns. The Chalcolithic habitation remains date from around 4000 BCE, based on two calibrated Carbon-14 readings of carbonized olive stones. Finds recovered from the surface and in unassociated contexts point to sporadic occupation at this …


Burial Caves From The Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze And Iron Ages At Nazareth (Pp. 1–44), Yardenna Alexandre Jan 2025

Burial Caves From The Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze And Iron Ages At Nazareth (Pp. 1–44), Yardenna Alexandre

'Atiqot

Four partially preserved burial caves (A–D) were excavated near the Church of the Annunciation in the center of Nazareth. All the caves comprised a vertical shaft and a central burial chamber, hewn in the Intermediate Bronze Age and reused in the transitional Middle Bronze Age I–II. Cave D was reused in the Iron Age after a long chronological gap. The burial caves contained large quantities of pottery, some metal artifacts and a few other small finds.


The Fauna From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 93–104), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

The Fauna From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 93–104), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

The small faunal assemblage from Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat contains a diverse assortment of bones that were affected by subaerial weathering. A high frequency of cattle was noticed for the Roman strata, suggesting that the economy of the settlement focused on agricultural production. During the transition to the early Byzantine period, a shift was observed, whence sheep and goats became more dominant than cattle, possibly due to an economic shift from agricultural production to a consumption economy that relied on sheep and goats for meat. In the latest occupation at the site, three camel mandibles were found, exhibiting burning patterns that could …


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker

'Atiqot

Remains of a Roman-period mausoleum were exposed, comprising a central room flanked by three loculi on each side. A clay coffin was found in oneloculus, containing a single burial of a 15–25-year-old individual accompanied by an unusual combination of burial goods—oil lamps and glass vessels—that do not align clearly with either Jewish or pagan burial practices.


The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in a grave underneath the floor of a central room in the Byzantine monastery at Har Ḥoma, indicating the primary burial of an adult male. Burials beneath the floors of Byzantine-period monasteries are common in the Jerusalem region.


A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Har Ḥoma, Between Jerusalem And Bethlehem (Pp. 257–292), Yehiel Zelinger Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Har Ḥoma, Between Jerusalem And Bethlehem (Pp. 257–292), Yehiel Zelinger

'Atiqot

Excavations on the northern slope of a high hill southeast of the Har Ḥoma neighborhood revealed a single-phased, sixth–seventh-century CE Byzantine coenobium monastery, and several quarries and agricultural installations. The monastery comprised a central courtyard surrounded by rooms, a chapel and a winepress. This monastery was small, probably inhabited by a community of about 20 monks. Most of the finds from the site––pottery, glass and coins––date to the Byzantine–Early Islamic periods, up to the eighth century CE. The complex resembles other contemporary monasteries located between Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the two holiest cities of Christianity.


Human Skeletal Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 47–48), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 47–48), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Poorly preserved human skeletal remains were found in the Middle Bronze Age II burial cave at Beit Ṣafafa. The bones were found scattered precluding a reconstruction of the original posture of the interred. Basic anthropological parameters, such as the minimum number of individuals (MNI) and age at death, were estimated.


A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Daphna Ben-Tor, Laura A. Peri) (Pp. 1–31), Nathan Ben-Ari, Alexander Wiegmann Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Daphna Ben-Tor, Laura A. Peri) (Pp. 1–31), Nathan Ben-Ari, Alexander Wiegmann

'Atiqot

The burial cave, that was part of a larger burial site along the Refa’im Valley, was hewn on the southern slope of a chalky hill above the northern bank of a small wadi. The finds in the cave were clustered in six distinct groups, comprising standardized burial kits of pottery and metal finds, showing close affinities with other central hill country burial sites. Some prestige items, such as a scarab, an amulet, a cylinder seal and a dagger, were recovered from the cave, suggesting that at least one high-ranking individual was interred.


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Pottery From The Late Chalcolithic Period From Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–62*; English Summary, Pp. 165–166), Ronit Lupu Jan 2025

Pottery From The Late Chalcolithic Period From Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–62*; English Summary, Pp. 165–166), Ronit Lupu

'Atiqot

The pottery vessels from the Late Chalcolithic period were retrieved from two shafts that were dug in the natural ḥamra soil. These included bowls, mostly V-shaped; wheel-made cornets; pedestal bowls and goblet; open and closed kraters; holemouths; churns; an ossuary handle; and decorated fragments, some of which might be attributed to the Pottery Neolithic period. The finds attest to the last use of the shafts as refuse pits.


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski

'Atiqot

A Middle Bronze Age II burial cave, reusing a Chalcolithic burial cave, was discovered during excavations carried out at Mazor (West). The Middle Bronze Age remains accumulated above the cave’s bedrock floor, utilizing the entire space. Seven individuals were discovered and about 50 intact or restorable MB II pottery vessels were retrieved, as well as three metal pins, three flint items and animal bones. It is probable that the cave, and other MB II sites in its vicinity, belonged to a system of villages and associated mortuary grounds, which were related to the main urban center at Tel Afeq.


Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha

'Atiqot

Excavations at the Chalcolithic site at Khirbat el-’Umdan yielded an assemblage of bones, teeth and horns belonging mostly to mammals: sheep, cattle and pigs. These finding are consistent with the picture that emerged from the analysis of other faunal assemblages from Ghassulian sites in the northern Negev, the coastal plain and Galilee.


Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef Jan 2025

Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef

'Atiqot

Six metal artifacts were recovered from the Chalcolithic site near Khirbat el-‘Umdan: four axes, a copper chunk and a broken macehead. Three of the axes and the macehead were chemically tested, allowing for a reconstruction of ancient metalwork, the materials used and the extent of trade relations during the Chalcolithic period. The chemical composition of the axes was found to be similar to that of other contemporary items, while the macehead is a copper-lead alloy, hitherto unknown in the period.


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Three Iron Age Ceramic Assemblages From The Tel ‘Eton Cemetery (Pp. 121–139), Hayah Katz, Avraham Faust Jan 2025

Three Iron Age Ceramic Assemblages From The Tel ‘Eton Cemetery (Pp. 121–139), Hayah Katz, Avraham Faust

'Atiqot

This article presents three tomb assemblages dated to Iron Age IIA–B. The analysis of the pottery indicates that the three tombs were in use in Iron II: Tomb C2, the earliest tomb, served in Iron IIA, perhaps continuing in use in the transitional Iron IIA–B phase; Tomb A3 was used during the later stage of Iron IIA, possibly continuing slightly into Iron IIB; and Tomb B, the latest of the three tombs, in use in Iron IIB, the eighth century BCE. The Tel ‘Eton tombs provide significant data for the continuous use of this cemetery from the Late Bronze Age …


The Human Skeletal Remains From Cave 2 At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 117–119), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Human Skeletal Remains From Cave 2 At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 117–119), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were uncovered in EB I–II Cave 2 at ‘En Ḥakhlil, representing at least 19 individuals—4 infants, 7 children and 8 adults—that may have been interred at the site over a relatively short period. The burials possibly originated in the nearby Early Bronze Age settlement of Tel Shadud.


An Early Bronze Age I–Ii Cemetery At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (With A Contribution By Paulina Spivak) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Yiftah Shalev Jan 2025

An Early Bronze Age I–Ii Cemetery At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (With A Contribution By Paulina Spivak) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Yiftah Shalev

'Atiqot

Four rock-cut burial caves were exposed on a hillside to the south of Migdal Ha-‘Emeq, One (Cave 2) yielded archaeological finds. The cave was badly damaged in antiquity, and the finds within it were found scattered. Most of the finds date to EB IB, including pottery vessels, such as red-slipped and gray-burnished bowls, chalices, amphoriskoi and juglets, as well as beads, a figurine and a few flint items. Skeletal remains belong to at least 19 individuals—children and adults. The burial cave, in use from EB IB to EB II, was probably part of a much larger cemetery, which served the …


A Zoomorphic Clay Figurine From ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal ‘Ha-Emeq (Pp. 113–116), Nadeshda B. Knudsen Jan 2025

A Zoomorphic Clay Figurine From ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal ‘Ha-Emeq (Pp. 113–116), Nadeshda B. Knudsen

'Atiqot

A nearly complete clay zoomorphic figurine was uncovered in the Early Bronze Age I–II burial cave at ‘En Ḥakhlil. The animal species represented is not clear, as the shape of the ears/horns is vague, and the tail is missing; it may represent a donkey or a bull. The figurine seems to have been deposited as a burial offering for the deceased.


Anthropological Remains From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 111–112), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 111–112), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in the excavations at Ashqelon, Afridar: an infant buried in a holemouth jar within the settlement, and a single adult in secondary burial outside the dwelling area. These burial practices are associated with the early phase of EB I (EB IA) and as such, they attest to a cultural continuity between the Chalcolithic period and mid-EB I.


An Early Bronze Age I Site At Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 45–89), Amir Golani, Nir Shimshon Paran Jan 2025

An Early Bronze Age I Site At Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 45–89), Amir Golani, Nir Shimshon Paran

'Atiqot

Excavation within the Early Bronze Age I Site at Ashqelon exposed two EB I occupation strata (III–II). The Stratum III remains consist of disjointed fragments of mud-brick architecture and several pits. The main architectural features in Stratum II include a large architectural complex, probably part of an enclosure, and several pits. The ceramic assemblage of both Strata III and II is associated with the early stages of EB I (EB IA). The intra-site infant burial discovered in the excavation conforms well with other infant burials previously documented at EB I Ashqelon. The ceramic, flint, groundstone, malacological and faunal remains indicate …


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


The Mollusks From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 293–296), Inbar Ktalav Jan 2025

The Mollusks From Gane Ṭal (Pp. 293–296), Inbar Ktalav

'Atiqot

The malacological remains excavated at Gane Ṭal include Mediterranean shells and land snails dating from the Early Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk periods. Most of the shells had plaster inside their valves, indicating that they were used in construction material. Two shells might have served as ornaments or amulets.


The Skeletal Remains From El-Munṭar El-Abyad (Pp. 139–142), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains From El-Munṭar El-Abyad (Pp. 139–142), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The human skeletal remains from el-Munṭar el-Abyad were found within jars, cist tombs and sarcophagi, representing burials from Middle Bronze Age II, and the Persian and Roman periods. The Middle Bronze Age burials included two jar burials of infants and the burials of three adults in pits, all within the dwelling area. The burials from the Persian period included a child, eight adults and three individuals, and the burials from the Roman period included two adults and six individuals of unknown age.


El-Munṭar El-Abyad: A Middle Bronze Age Iib Village And A Persian- And Roman-Period Cemetery Near Bet She’An (With A Contribution By Samuel R. Wolff) (Pp. 1–112), Walid Atrash, Amir Golani Jan 2025

El-Munṭar El-Abyad: A Middle Bronze Age Iib Village And A Persian- And Roman-Period Cemetery Near Bet She’An (With A Contribution By Samuel R. Wolff) (Pp. 1–112), Walid Atrash, Amir Golani

'Atiqot

Excavations at el-Munṭar el-Abyad uncovered several buildings of a one-period settlement dating to Middle Bronze Age IIB (mid-seventeenth century BCE), a burial ground dating to the Persian period (fifth century BCE) and several stone sarcophagi from the Roman period (third century CE). The rural character of the MB IIB site is attested by the architectural finds, the ṭabuns, the infant burials below the floors, and the ceramic and ground stone assemblages, as well as by the lack of luxury or prestige items. The MB II rural occupation, located in the immediate region of Tel Bet She’an, seems to have been …


The Shells From The Chalcolithic Cemetery At Palmaḥim (North) (Pp. 103–104), Inbar Ktalav Jan 2025

The Shells From The Chalcolithic Cemetery At Palmaḥim (North) (Pp. 103–104), Inbar Ktalav

'Atiqot

Only four shells were retrieved from the Chalcolithic cemetery north of Kibbutz Palmaḥim. All of them, three gastropods and one bivalve, originated in the Mediterranean Sea. This short report attempts to place them in their context and analyze their significance to the Chalcolithic people.


The Human Remains From The Chalcolithic Cemetery At Palmaḥim (North) (Pp. 95–96), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Human Remains From The Chalcolithic Cemetery At Palmaḥim (North) (Pp. 95–96), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

A few of the burial jars, kurkar ossuaries and chain-type burial cells in the Chalcolithic cemetery at Palmaḥim (North) included fragmentary human skeletal remains. The bones represent at least 14 individuals, none of which are children, as is characteristic of Chalcolithic cemetery populations.


The Chalcolithic Cemetery At Palmaḥim (North): New Evidence Of Burial Patterns From The Central Coastal Plain (Pp. 1–94), Amir Gorzalczany Jan 2025

The Chalcolithic Cemetery At Palmaḥim (North): New Evidence Of Burial Patterns From The Central Coastal Plain (Pp. 1–94), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Palmaḥim (North) is a large Chalcolithic burial and cult site of a type previously unknown in the central coastal plain of Israel. The well-planned cemetery comprises circular or rectangular single-chamber burial structures, built upon or hewn into the kurkar bedrock. Within the burial structures, secondary interments were made in a variety of receptacles, including small cists, chain-burial cells, stone and clay ossuaries, and burial jars. Most of the tombs had rectangular, trapezoidal or ovoid orthostats attached to one of their sides within a recess. The pottery assemblage is small, consisting mainly of simple types very common in the Ghassulian Chalcolithic …