Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of New Varieties Of Fodder Beet (Majoral And Poly Productiva) As New Summer Forages In Egypt, M S. Nowar, S M. Abd El-Baki, I F. Marie, A A. Zaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Interest in fodder beet has increased dramatically in many parts of the world. Owing to its yield during summer season in Egypt, time during which shortage of green and succulent for­age occurs, interest in its cultivation started early (Ghoneim, 1967 and Abou El-Hassan et al., 1971). Fodder beet has improved cows condition and milk yield and quality (Kocisova, 1976; Burckhardt, 1979; De Brabander et al., 1981 and Pearce, 1983). Fodder beet can considerably increase the farm total energy production. However, to grow it successfully the farmer must have an « arable» mentality (Pearce, 1983). The present research was conducted to …

Nutritive Value Of Some Grass Species In Hungary, J Varhegyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Demarquilly and Weiss (1970), Becker and Nehring (1969), Aman and Lindgren (1983) etc. reported data for the digesti­bility and nutritive value of different grass species. The present paper reports the chemical composition and the digestibility of the following species grown in Hungary: smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), orchard­grass (Dactylis glomerata), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundin­acea), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). The data were obtained during long term investigation from 1975 to 1983, but crested wheatgrass from 1980-83.

Millet Based Cropping Systems With Forage Legumes For Improving Nutritive Values Of Crop Residues In The Sahelian Zone, C Renard, M Garba

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The crop residues from sorghum and pearl millet represent an important potential feed resource. In 1981, 55.2 and 51.4 million tons of crop residues were produced from sorghum and pearl millet respectively (Kossila, 1985). Pearl millet is the most prevalent cereal in the Sahel and farmers usually leave millet stover in the field after grain harvest. Grazing livestock then walk through the fields and eat first the leaves and later the stalks. Farmers also use millet stalks as fuel, and for con­struction. During the long Sahelian dry season, cattle rely mos­tly on crop residues for their subsistence and in dry …

Utilization Of Lignin According To Christian As An Internal Marker For Assessing Digestibility Of Temperate Grasses With Or Without Supplementation In Adult Rams, A Thewis, F Rodriguez, E Francois, N Bartiaux-Thill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Use of indigestible plant constituents as internal markers as opposed to fecal index methods and in vitro techniques, has the distinct advantage of measuring digestibility directly in vivo and in the pasture. Lignin and acid insoluble ash are the most fre­quently employed markers. Grass contaminated by soil renders the method using insoluble ash rather unreliable, while lignin as reported by Fahey and Jung (1983) also presents problems it is either partially digested or gives positive fecal recovery by binding of endogenous constituents of indeterminate nature. It would seem however that results obtained are directly related to analytical method used (Rodriguez, …

The Effect Of Supplementation Of Setaria Grass With Cassava Or Gliricidia Leaves On Growing Sheep, S S. Sitorus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In tropical areas, grasses are the main forage offered to rumi­nant, eventhough they have low quality such as native grass crude protein of about 7-12 %, and napier grass about 9-14 %. Recently in Indonesia, plantation of setaria grass was introduced especially in transmigration and watershed areas, regardless its nutritive value, and its influence on animal performances. Similar with other grasses, setaria grass has a low nutritive value and when fed alone can not meet the pro­duction requirements. More over, Jones et al. (1970) reported that cattle with setaria in a grazing system can lead to the death due to …

Nutritive Value And Production Of Cool-Season Under Two Harvest Regimes, T Kunelius

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Atlantic Canada, Phleum pratense L. is the predominant grass species grown for conserved feed and pasture. Although P. pratense is a persistent grass species under 2 cut systems (Kunelius and McRae, 1986) it does not perform adequately under intensive management. Secondary grasses for the Atlan­tic region include Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca pratensis L., Bromus inermis Leyss., and Lolium-Festuca hybrids. There is considerable interest in the performance and quality of second­ary grasses and those of Lolium-Festuca hybrids in particular, under various management regimes. In this experiment the growth and quality of several cool season grasses were deter­mined under four and …

Change In Composition And Quality Of A Temperate Species Mixed Pasture Grazed Over Three Years At Two Stocking Rates With And Without Nitrogen Fertilizer, K Betteridge, D A. Haynes, J R. Sedcole

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal production is not only affected by pasture mass and its seasonal distribution but also by the composition and qual­ity of the consumed pasture (Rattray and Clark, 1984). Legumes have a higher nutritive value than grasses, but may be suppressed by application of artificial nitrogen (N) when soil N status is low (Ball and Field, 1982). Nutritive value of pasture falls as it matures due to a rise in fibrous tissue and a decline in digestibility, and mineral and protein content (Ulyatt, 1978). However, vegetative growth can be prolonged and quality maintained by greater utilisation of pasture in late spring …

Evaluating Forage Quality As Animal Production Per Unit Of Forage And Land Area, D A. Rohweder, L Miller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The need to more adequately express feed value in forages and, that will communicate this value among agricultural scien­tists, agri-business clientele and producers has long been recognized world wide. Modern dairy, beef and sheep producers are becoming increasingly concerned about forage quality ; its translation into animal products per unit land area ; and its effect along with forage yield on enterprise profits. The Hay Marketing Task Force-Forage Analysis Subcom­mittee organized by the American Forage and Grassland Council in 1975 proposed hay standards based on in vivo digestible dry matter or energy availability (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) predicated …

Animal Performance As Effected By Herbage Availability And Quality In Semi-Arid Southern African Grassland, J E. Danckwerts

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rotational grazing with beef cattle is widely advocated and practised under commercial pastoralism in semi-arid grassland in southern Africa. Since animal performance is largely a func­tion of the quality and quantity of forage ingested, changes in herbage quality and availability in these situations are likely to have an important influence on animal production. The objective of this paper is therefore to quantify changes in the quality of herbage ingested by beef cattle at different times of the year and as grazing pressure increases within periods of occupation on rotationally grazed semi-arid grass­land in southern Africa. The effect of these changes …

The Intake And Digestibility Of Dry Mature Subterranean Clovers, G B. Taylor, R C. Rossiter, D B. Purser, W J. Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although sheep grazing dry subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pasture may maintain body weight for the early part of summer, they usually lose weight during late summer and autumn, with consequent adverse effects on pro­ductivity (Purser, 1980). A decline in the digestibility of clover during plant senescence (Hume and Purser, 1975) is believed to be an important component of the reduced nutritive value of this dry feed. In a survey of dry mature stem material from a range of early flowering subterranean clover genotypes, Taylor et al. (1987a) found that in vitro digestibility ranged between 41 and 62 % …

Forage Production And Nutritive Value Of Cynodon Spp. Under Grazing In Puerto Rico, L E. Tergas, Y Q. Cabrera, A Sotomayor Rios

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock production in the tropics is highly dependent on forages to meet the nutritional requirements of grazing cattle. However, seasonal fluctuations on dry matter production and nutritive value are limiting factors affecting animal perform­ance and production. Stargrass Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis is a highly productive grass recommended for intensive management in the humid tropics of Puerto Rico (Vicente-Chandler et al., 1974). Bermuda Cynodon dactylon and Stargrass produced high yields of quality forage and persisted under intensive grazing in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico; however, the average production of both grasses was related to rainfall distribution, decreasing during …

Electronic Measurement Of Grazing Time And Intake In Free Roaming Livestock, J R. Forwood, M M. Hulse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage intake is one of the critical factors in understanding why livestock perform at various levels on different forages, however acceptable methods of measuring voluntary intake of free-roaming livestock are still lacking. Commonly used indirect measurement methods estimate pasture herbage loss or animal gain, fecal output and digestibility equations, grazing behavior calculations or indicators (Greenlaugh, 1982). More direct attempts of measuring intake include the Animal Weight Telemetry System (AWATS) of Horn and Miller (1979), multiple impedance plethysmography (Stuth et al., 1981) and the conductivity transducing cannula (CTC: Forwood et al., 1985). With new technology becoming avail­able in smaller, more affordable …

La Consommation De Matiere Sche De Fourrages Disponibles En Zone Tropicale, D Richard, H Guerin, G Roberge, D Friot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Un certain nombre de publications fournissent des donnees sur les consommations de matiere seche (MS) des fourrages dans les regions intertropicales sans qu'il soit toujours possible de differencier les variations liees a la capacite d'ingestion de !'animal ou a l'ingestibilite du fourrage, facteurs conditionnant les quantites de matiere seche volontairement ingerees (MSVI). Par ailleurs, les donnees publiees pour un meme fourrage sont souvent tres variables ; par exemple, les quantites de MSVI de Digitaria decumbens extraites de 5 publications varient de plus de 40 p. 100 pour des repousses de meme age (Richard, 1987) sans qu'il soit possible d'identifier les …

Factor Affecting The Eating Rate Of Forage Feeds, G Moseley, A Antuna Manendez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The total amount of a forage feed eaten by an animal may be regarded as the product of rate of eating and time spent eating. Balch and Campling (1962) suggested that it is controlled largely by the rate at which the forage can be broken down phy­sically and passed through the foregut. Differences in voluntary

intake between forage feeds may, however, be due to the effects of extrinsic factors such as environment, animal condition and feed presentation, or to inherent feed characteristics which con­trol the rate and extent of breakdown and digestion. The degree to which physical plant characteristics may …

Influence Of The Nature Of Hay On Its Ingestibility And The Kinetics Of Intake During Large Meals In Sheep And Cows, R Baumont, J P. Brun, J P. Dulphy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ingestibility is the quantity of a forage that can be eaten by a standard animal when it is fed ad libitum as the sole feed (INRA, 1978). The eating pattern of ruminants reflects the way in which intake is controlled. The animal eats a large meal when a new batch of forage is distributed ; meals thereafter are small until the next distribution (Dulphy & Faverdin, 1987). To make a closer study of forage ingestibility, it seemed interesting to record the daily pattern of intake and to analyse in detail the large meals, which are 60 to 90 % of …

Relationship Between The Mineral Content In Pastures And The Content Of These Elements In Blood Serum In Dairy Cows, A Lachowski, I Kuczynska, W Wojciechowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass tetany, a conditioned Mg deficiency of improper K: (Ca + Mg) ratio is a nutritional problem in various parts of Poland. The aim of the investigations was to determine to what degree the mineral content of grasses in the pastures influenced the mineral content in blood serum in dairy cows. This is very important when the animals are grazing and when cattle slurry is used on grasslands. In the literature we can find opinion con­sidering hypomagnaesemia as a metabolic disorder of rumin­ants typified by low blood serum Mg and generally accompanied by hypocalcemia. It has been related to low …

Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web., M Falkowski, I Kukulka, S Kozlowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In recent years the quantities of dandelion appearing on newly established grasslands has increased quite significantly. In such conditions it can no longer be treated as a meadow herb whose fodder value, according to European literature, equals half of that of valuable fodder plants. Becoming a weed, dan­delion has been the object of investigations on ways of elimina­ting it from the sward by means of herbicides (Schlotter et al., 1988). At the same time, experiments are under way on biologi­cal properties of dandelion with the aim to explain the causes of its expansion. It was found that there is an …

Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow, A Golob, Zdenka Berloznik, M Leskosek, Vekoslava Stibilj

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological problems and surpluses of milk and meat have given rise to less intensive systems of grassland utilisation. One of such system is utilisation of air nitrogen via legume sym­biosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In Slovenia, where conditions for legume growth are more favourable than in NW Europe, natural meadows fertilized with P and K only give reasonable yields - on average around 7 t DM per ha (Leskosek, 1981). Most legumes suffer after fre­quent defoliation so such meadows should be defoliated only 2- 3 times during the growing season. Under less frequent cutting regime nutritive value of forage is …

Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability, J C. Petersen, J A. Mosjidis, N S. Hill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several million hectares in the subtropical world are currently used as grazing land for beef and dairy cattle, how­ever, in many cases animal production is very low. To improve animal nutrition, cultivated legume species can be introduced. Sericea lespedeza has potential and could be utilized in the acid soils of the· subtropics. Generally, sericea is low in palatability and nutritive value because its leaves contain tannins, which have long been associ­ated with low intake and reduced digestibility. Tannins are responsible for an astringent or bitter taste caused by the pre­cipitation of salivary glycoprotein (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Chopping or macerating …

Natural And Artificial Drying Effects On Condensed Tannins Of Sericea Lespedeza, T H. University Of Georgia, W R. Windham, J J. Evans, C S. Hoveland

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don.] is well adapted to acid soils and low fertility but has generally been considered a low-quality forage due to high levels of tannin and indigestible fiber. Tannin levels increase during midsummer (Windham et al. 1988). The most com­monly used assay for tannin in sericea is the vanillin-HCl pro­cedure (Burns, 1963) on oven-dried samples. Oven-drying has been reported to cause increased polymerization or oxidative changes in tannins (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Fresh-frozen sericea contained higher amounts of extract­able tannin than field-dried forage and fiber digestibility of high-tannin sericea by sheep was much lower …

Know Thyself: A History Of Ancient Neuroscience, Alex Delano

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

Neuroscience is often described as one of the youngest bodies of science, but documented study of the brain begins as early as the Neolithic period. The ancient Mediterranean was a hub for science, mathematics, philosophy, and literature, all disciplines necessary for the study of the brain. Evidence of neurosurgical procedures like trepanation and craniotomy began in the Neolithic period and were practiced and improved upon throughout the ancient Mediterranean. The first detailed studies on brain anatomy were carried out in the 3^rd century BCE in Greece which created a necessary structure for future scientists to build on. While many …

Enhancing Food Safety: Detecting Pathogens In Bison, Vrinda Brahmbhatt

Honors Capstones

Bison herds are being reintroduced across Illinois for prairie conservation efforts and as an important food source, with bison meat gaining popularity as a healthier alternative to beef. However, bison can act as reservoirs of pathogens such as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, posing food safety and public health risks. Conservational and commercial herds are managed differently, which may influence the prevalence of STEC and associated AMR genes. To address concerns about potential AMR transmission from bison to humans via fecal-oral routes, we examined the prevalence of AMR in STEC isolates from both herd types. …

Role Of The Small Intestinal Microbiota In The Pathogenesis Of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction In Undernourished Children And Mothers, Clara Kao

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Undernutrition in women and its propagation in their children remains a major global health challenge. Worldwide, one in five children under five years of age manifests undernutrition as impaired linear growth, or stunting. Stunting, defined as having a length-for-age z-score (LAZ) <-2, is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired neurodevelopment and immune responses. Furthermore, stunting and its long-term sequelae persist across generations, contributing to an intergenerational cycle of undernutrition. Existing nutritional interventions fail to substantially improve stunting, highlighting the need to (i) better understand other factors contributing to stunting and (ii) focus clinical efforts towards treating maternal undernutrition. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical inflammatory enteropathy of the small intestine proposed to contribute to stunting. EED is diagnosed histologically by blunted intestinal villi, epithelial barrier disruption and an immunoinflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. However, the pathophysiology of EED remains poorly defined. Furthermore, the small intestinal microbiota remains understudied due to difficulties in sampling. Evidence that the small intestinal microbiota contributes to EED pathogenesis comes in part from our collaborative work with colleagues at icddr,b (the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) who oversaw the Bangladesh EED (BEED) study. In this study children, aged 12-18 months residing in an urban slum in the Mirpur district of Dhaka who failed a nutritional intervention for their stunting, underwent esophago-gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to obtain duodenal mucosal biopsies, aspirates of duodenal luminal fluid and plasma samples. A set of 14 bacteria taxa (defined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) were identified in the duodenal microbiota of >80% of children with EED. Moreover, the absolute abundances of these ‘core taxa’ were positively correlated with duodenal mucosal and systemic inflammation in study participants and negatively correlated with linear growth. Our lab showed that introduction of a consortium of bacteria cultured from these duodenal aspirates, including these core taxa, produced small intestinal inflammation in young adult gnotobiotic, providing …

Using Satellite Tracking And Stable Isotopes To Characterize The Movements, Core-Use Areas, And Distribution Of Loggerhead And Green Turtles Nesting In South Florida, Usa: Internesting, Foraging, And Migration, Glenn D. Goodwin

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

The movements of animals in response to environmental variation influence the fitness of individuals and drive major ecological processes, while also varying their exposure level to anthropogenic risks. Understanding the movements and spatial distribution of imperiled species is critical for developing effective conservation strategies. This can be difficult for wide ranging and highly migratory species, such as sea turtles. Throughout their adult life stages, the females of most sea turtle species spend the majority of their time in their foraging areas for multiyear intervals between nesting periods. These foraging areas are typically widely dispersed and variable within nesting populations. To …

A History Of Omics Discoveries Reveals The Correlates And Mechanisms Of Loading-Induced Hypertrophy In Adult Skeletal Muscle. 2024 Camps Young Investigator Award Invited Review, Toby L. Chambers, Kevin A. Murach

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since the early 2000s, omics approaches to study skeletal muscle hypertrophy consequent to loading (e.g., resistance exercise) have expanded dramatically. Beginning with genomics and transcriptomics, there are now omics datasets from hypertrophying skeletal muscle spanning methylomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics, with further integration of single cell/nucleus-specific omics, among others. The purpose of this review is to explore the history of leveraging omics to enable understanding and discovery with respect to loading-induced hypertrophy in adult skeletal muscle. We elaborate on key historical and contemporary studies and findings, highlight specific examples where omics discoveries led to a mechanistic understanding of skeletal muscle growth, …

The Relationship Between Food Allergies And Intolerances And The Development Of Disordered Eating Patterns, Lucy M. Scholma

Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management Undergraduate Honors Theses

Food allergies and food intolerances are becoming an increasingly more prevalent issue in the Unites States. To mitigate adverse reactions, these individuals often eliminate food or food groups from their diets and the ramifications of these lifestyle changes may result in disordered eating patterns. In regard to food allergies and intolerances and eating disorders, it is reasonable to suggest that the overlapping lifestyle choices and physical, social, and emotional ramifications may lead to a correlation between the two phenomena. This study explores the relationship between food allergic and food intolerant individuals and disordered eating habits among college students. Survey results …

Fisheries Research Report No. 351: Ecological Risk Assessment For The Western Australian Southern Nearshore Fish Resource, Kimberley A. Smith, Brett Crisafulli, Amber Quinn, Bianca Brooks, Gabby E. Mitsopoulos, Daniel Yeoh

Fisheries Research Reports

On 3 December 2024, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD, the Department) convened an ecological risk assessment (ERA) of the fisheries that access the Southern Nearshore Fish Resource (Resource). This Resource comprises a range of temperate fish species including Australian herring, Australian salmon, whiting, garfish, tailor and sandy sprat.

This document contains the results of the ERA as well as the background information used to support the ERA risk scoring process. This includes an overview of the Western Australian commercial, recreational and charter fisheries that access the Resource.

Dairy Digest, Legan...Dairy 2024-2025, Department Of Dairy And Food Science

Dairy Digest

This is the 2025 Dairy Club Digest. The Diary Club Digest is published annually by the South Dakota State University Dairy Club.
The Digest contains information and news about the activities and members of the SDSU Dairy Club for the academic year 2023 - 2024.

Large Mammal Herbivores As Gardeners Of Tropical Forest Ecosystems, Kathryn Garner

Student Scholarship

Ecosystems worldwide are experiencing changes in structure and function as populations of fauna decline and experience local extinctions (Torres-Romero et al. 2020). Due primarily to their body size, large mammal herbivores (LMHs) are disproportionately prone to extinction from human activities such as agricultural expansion, deforestation, and anthropogenic climate change (Pringle et al. 2023). Additionally, as the number of domesticated LMHs (i.e. cattle, pigs, etc.) continue to increase in both density and distribution, their wild counterparts are continually displaced, resulting in increased competition for resources and an increased risk of disease transmission between domestic to wild species (Pringle et al. 2023; …

Examining Sustainable And Regenerative Viticultural Practices In The Rheinhessen Wine Region Of Germany, Claire Hoffmann

CISLA Senior Integrative Projects

No abstract provided.