Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Library and Information Science

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 3091 - 3120 of 23881

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Racial Equity In Collections: Building The Collections Our Libraries Need, Amy Pham, Glenn Johnson-Grau May 2022

Racial Equity In Collections: Building The Collections Our Libraries Need, Amy Pham, Glenn Johnson-Grau

Copley Library: Faculty Scholarship

Librarians are trying to meet the call for fundamental and radical change in collection development practices while struggling with challenges in time, money, and subject expertise, particularly at small institutions. It will take long-term, systemic change to address ingrained biases and limitations of selectors, publishers, and social systems. Prepackaged resources from library vendors provide a limited solution for collection gaps, with recent products newly pitched to address Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). Do these products actually contribute value to library collections as claimed? If market-based systems do not meet libraries’ needs, what might the alternatives be? We propose to analyze …


Students’ Perceptions Toward The Usability And Usefulness Of The Digital Libraries: A Case Study Of Women University In District Peshawar., Parveen Khan, Sana Tabassum May 2022

Students’ Perceptions Toward The Usability And Usefulness Of The Digital Libraries: A Case Study Of Women University In District Peshawar., Parveen Khan, Sana Tabassum

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper investigated the perceptions of undergraduate students regarding usability and usefulness of Digital Libraries. A case study was conducted to explore the use of Digital Library (DL) resources in ten undergraduate classes at Shaheed Benazir Butto Women University Peshawar and identified students' perceptions regarding educational digital libraries. Data was collected through survey method using qualitative tools such as observation and interviews. The study examined that university provides internet facility to all students and they have ample access for using Digital libraries but majority of the students are not aware of the use of DLs. Only research students are using …


Covid-19 Information Needs And Seeking Behaviour Of Undergraduates Of Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Jerry Eyerinmene Friday Mr, Motu-Ere Justina Atema Ms May 2022

Covid-19 Information Needs And Seeking Behaviour Of Undergraduates Of Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Jerry Eyerinmene Friday Mr, Motu-Ere Justina Atema Ms

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examined Covid-19 information needs and seeking behaviour of undergraduates of Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study identified Covid-19 information needs, Covid-19 information sources, strategies of seeking Covid-19 information and Covid-19 information seeking challenges encountered by the undergraduates. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all the undergraduates of Federal University Otuoke who were in 300, 400 and 500 levels of study. Convenience sampling was adopted and three hundred and sixty-nine (369) undergraduates, consisting of 76, 73, 74, 71 and 75 undergraduates, each constituent drawn from the Faculty of Education, …


Catching Up With Innovation And Trends In University Library Services In Nigeria: An Analytical Study Of University Library Websites In Nigeria, Francisca Chinyeaka Mbagwu Dr. May 2022

Catching Up With Innovation And Trends In University Library Services In Nigeria: An Analytical Study Of University Library Websites In Nigeria, Francisca Chinyeaka Mbagwu Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study focused on the emerging innovative and trendy services on the library websites of all the approved 49 Federal Universities in Nigeria. Document examination was used as an instrument for data collection. The Library websites of all the approved Federal Universities in Nigeria were examined to collate data for this study. Three research questions were developed and analysed quantitatively using frequency tables and simple percentages. The result revealed that some of the Federal University libraries operate without library websites. Again, the study revealed that twenty-three innovative and trendy services were found displayed on the library websites of the …


Library Support Services At The University Of Zambia Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Swot Matrix, Pailet Chewe, Zachary Zulu Mr., Mercy M. Wamunyima Mrs., Given M. Kuntumoya Ms, Celine M. Mwafulilwa Mrs., Sarah T. Gwayi Mrs., Fabian Kakana Mr., Eness M.M. Chitumbo Mrs., Gelvazio Sakala Mr., Christine W. Kanyengo Ms, Judith Banda Mrs, Francina N.S. Makondo Mrs. May 2022

Library Support Services At The University Of Zambia Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Swot Matrix, Pailet Chewe, Zachary Zulu Mr., Mercy M. Wamunyima Mrs., Given M. Kuntumoya Ms, Celine M. Mwafulilwa Mrs., Sarah T. Gwayi Mrs., Fabian Kakana Mr., Eness M.M. Chitumbo Mrs., Gelvazio Sakala Mr., Christine W. Kanyengo Ms, Judith Banda Mrs, Francina N.S. Makondo Mrs.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

When the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) forced learning institutions in Zambia to abruptly transition to virtual instruction, library services adapted quickly to provide research services, instruction, and access to collections. This paper details how the University of Zambia Library used a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Analysis framework to evaluate academic support services of the Library in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Key variables included the library collections, staffing, services and technology. The analysis revealed that strengths comprised qualified staff, technology support and a rich collection of information resources. Weaknesses are in the areas of poor funding and low …


Record Management And Services Delivery Of Independent National Electoral Commission (Inec) Delta State Chapter, Chibueze Norbert Onwuekwe, Awajionyi Blessing Suleiman May 2022

Record Management And Services Delivery Of Independent National Electoral Commission (Inec) Delta State Chapter, Chibueze Norbert Onwuekwe, Awajionyi Blessing Suleiman

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

ABSTRACT This research work investigated the record management and services delivery of Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Delta state chapter. The study was carried out by using descriptive survey research design. Three specific objectives, three research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study comprises 452 staff of Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Delta state chapter, with sample size of 213 staff. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Data was analysed with descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that INEC make use of online storage, such as website/webpage and email, and the …


Awareness, Accessibility And Challenges Of Social Media As Experienced By Postgraduate Information Studies Students, University Of Kwazulu-Natal During The Covid-19 Pandemics Lockdown, Febishola Idowu Kutu Mrs, Olabode Olajide Mr, Jacob Oloruntoba Kutu Dr May 2022

Awareness, Accessibility And Challenges Of Social Media As Experienced By Postgraduate Information Studies Students, University Of Kwazulu-Natal During The Covid-19 Pandemics Lockdown, Febishola Idowu Kutu Mrs, Olabode Olajide Mr, Jacob Oloruntoba Kutu Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Students who receive literacy training tied to real-life assignments show greater improvement in literacy scores. The significance of this study revolves around the prominent role accorded social media in academic community for research, teaching and learning. In spite of the benefits associated with the use of social media for academic purposes, it is observed that many students, teachers/lecturers have not been fully exploring these advantages to improve their academic performance. The study investigated the awareness, access and social media challenges encountered by postgraduate students of Information Studies, UKZN during the lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemics. The study employed a quantitative …


Utilisation Of Library Information Resources By Undergraduates Of Public University In Ogun State, Rahman Olorunleke Arowolo, B.A. Ajiboye, Samuel Kolawole Adio May 2022

Utilisation Of Library Information Resources By Undergraduates Of Public University In Ogun State, Rahman Olorunleke Arowolo, B.A. Ajiboye, Samuel Kolawole Adio

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The library has the singular function of collecting, organising, preserving, conserving and making information accessible to potential users in different formats. This study examined the correlation between utilisation of print and electronic resources by Undergraduates of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye and Tai solarin University, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 380 students from the total population 39,256 of the undergraduates in the institutions, while for the qualitative data the researcher interviewed the Heads of Automation and Readers’ Services Units of the three universities studied. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentage, mean, …


Review Of Reference And Access For Archives And Manuscripts, Cindy Brightenburg May 2022

Review Of Reference And Access For Archives And Manuscripts, Cindy Brightenburg

Journal of Western Archives

A review of the book Reference and Access for Archives and Manuscripts by Cheryl Oestreicher.


An Assessment Of User Satisfactions With Library Resources At Obafemi Awolowo University Oau, Nigeria, Lawal Mohammed Tukur, Mr Nafi’U Maharazu May 2022

An Assessment Of User Satisfactions With Library Resources At Obafemi Awolowo University Oau, Nigeria, Lawal Mohammed Tukur, Mr Nafi’U Maharazu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main objective of the study is to determine the user satisfaction with the library. Although questionnaires were provided to users when the researcher took 0.15 % of the entire respondent population= 35392= 52 around 0.15 sampled. However, fifty two (52) copies of the questionnaires were given to the respondents where fifty (50) copies were retrieved and analyzed, representing 96.15 %. The findings show the existing information resources available. In the Agriculture University Library the challenges User such as internet access, power failure, employee attitudes. To resolve these limitations insufficient numbers of library workers should be filled in, which meant …


Emerging Role Of Librarians On Information Provisions, Services And Facilities In The Agriculture University Libraries In Nigeria, Lawal Mohammed Tukur, Mr Nafi’U Maharazu May 2022

Emerging Role Of Librarians On Information Provisions, Services And Facilities In The Agriculture University Libraries In Nigeria, Lawal Mohammed Tukur, Mr Nafi’U Maharazu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examines the information infrastructure, facilities and services in Nigeria's Agriculture University Libraries., Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Federal, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia, and Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, are the respondents. The main objective of the study is to assess the information resources, services and facilities at Agriculture University Libraries in Nigeria in order to analyze the types of available information resources, services and facilities, and the constraints associated with on the provision of information resources services and facilities to library users. Although questionnaires were provided to university librarians, the researcher was in charge of monitoring …


To The Moon And Mars And Back To The Archives: Working With Modern Space Collections At The University Of Arizona Libraries, Molly Stothert-Maurer, Lisa E. Duncan May 2022

To The Moon And Mars And Back To The Archives: Working With Modern Space Collections At The University Of Arizona Libraries, Molly Stothert-Maurer, Lisa E. Duncan

Journal of Western Archives

With a long history at the University of Arizona with excellence in the lunar and planetary sciences, the University of Arizona Libraries Special Collections has increased its collecting of the History of Science and Technology. These large, modern space collections pose unique challenges and require specific needs to be addressed in order for the collections to be stored, processed and made available for access. It is essential for archivists working with these collections to ask their donors the right questions and learn the limitations and restrictions that often come with acquiring modern space collections. Archives around the country have started …


Review Of Archival Accessioning, Julia Stringfellow May 2022

Review Of Archival Accessioning, Julia Stringfellow

Journal of Western Archives

Review of Archival Accessioning by Audra Eagle Yun.


Strategic Alignment Of The Integrated Library System For Late Adopters: The Case Of At Makerere University Library, Francis Ssekitto May 2022

Strategic Alignment Of The Integrated Library System For Late Adopters: The Case Of At Makerere University Library, Francis Ssekitto

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Introduction:

Generally, African University libraries can be said to be among the late adopters of ILS technologies in their service range. As of 2022, Makerere University Library is in the initial stages of migrating from Virtua ILS to Koha ILS. Yet adopting ILS is an expensive and time consuming endeavour. Therefore, there is a need for strategic “useful” deployment of ILS in any academic library.

Objective: This paper attempted to assess the strategic alignment of the Integrated Library Systems (ILS) in Makerere University Library to achieve strategic fit within the corporate environment of the University and achieve the …


Essays On Strategies For Increasing Repayment Rates Of Digital Microloans, Alain Rutayisire Shema May 2022

Essays On Strategies For Increasing Repayment Rates Of Digital Microloans, Alain Rutayisire Shema

Dissertations - ALL

Access to credit can act as a highly effective tool for poverty reduction and economic growth. The ability to borrow increases the propensity of low-income people to start and maintain businesses, educate their children and withstand financial shocks. These factors, in turn, can help them to move out of poverty and lead to more sustainable economic development. However, traditional financial institutions have inherent limitations that have impeded their ability to serve the poor.

Digital lenders are able to leverage the widespread adoption of mobile phones and mobile money to extend credit quickly and conveniently to more people, especially in developing …


Global Research Trends And Hot Topics On Library And Information Science: A Bibliometric Analysis, Sirous Panahi Associate Professor In Librarianship And Medical Information Department, Mahshid Lotfi, Ali Ouchi May 2022

Global Research Trends And Hot Topics On Library And Information Science: A Bibliometric Analysis, Sirous Panahi Associate Professor In Librarianship And Medical Information Department, Mahshid Lotfi, Ali Ouchi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Background and objective: One of the approaches to represent scientific publications in a field of science is to determine research trends and hot topics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the research trends on the Library and Information Science (LIS) in the Scopus database during 2011-2020 and specify the hot topics in this field from July 2020 to July 2021.

Materials and Methods: This study used scientometric techniques. The research population consisted of all papers in the field of LIS from July 2011 to July 2021. The data were collected from the Scopus database. The results were …


Digital Equity: Difficulties Of Implementing The 1:1 Computing Initiative In Low-Income Areas, Demetric D. Williams May 2022

Digital Equity: Difficulties Of Implementing The 1:1 Computing Initiative In Low-Income Areas, Demetric D. Williams

Dissertations

Successful One-to-One Computing Initiative implementation requires educators to communicate and collaborate effectively with everyone in the learning community. However, other factors such as teacher’s professional development, student’s perception, and parent’s perception often affect the implementation of the One-to-One Computing Initiative. School districts, which serve low-income areas in Mississippi, have difficulties ensuring students and communities have access to the information technology they need to participate outside the school setting. The concept is often called digital equity. However, when officials do not address the capacity, there is a vital threat to the participants’ civic, cultural, employment, lifelong learning, and access to essential …


Efficacy Of Audio-Visual Aided Instruction For Improving Students’ Interest And Achievement In Stem Subjects: Implications For Library Practice, William Onu, Anthony Uchechukwu Uzoigwe, Fakolade Benjamin Ayodele, Oluwatoyin Comfort Oluwatosin, Deborah Dele May 2022

Efficacy Of Audio-Visual Aided Instruction For Improving Students’ Interest And Achievement In Stem Subjects: Implications For Library Practice, William Onu, Anthony Uchechukwu Uzoigwe, Fakolade Benjamin Ayodele, Oluwatoyin Comfort Oluwatosin, Deborah Dele

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Considering that science and technology is key to comprehending and providing solution to problems plaguing humanity, STEM education is vital to a great future. With this being so, students are encouraged to develop skills and competencies needed to become educators, innovators, researchers, and leaders in different STEM domains, who can solve the most pressing problems facing humanity, now and in the future. However, there seem to be shortage of interest from students to pursue STEM careers. In a bid contribute to raising the level of interest in STEM subjects, this study, conducted in Nsukka education zone of Enugu state, sought …


Challenges Of Maintenance Practices Of Paper Based Archival Information Materials And Strategies For Enhancement In Academic Libraries In Nigeria, Chika Phoebe Madumere Dr. (Mrs) May 2022

Challenges Of Maintenance Practices Of Paper Based Archival Information Materials And Strategies For Enhancement In Academic Libraries In Nigeria, Chika Phoebe Madumere Dr. (Mrs)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The paper examined the challenges of maintenance of paper based archival information materials and strategies for enhancement in academic libraries in South East, Nigeria which doubled as the objectives of the study. Descriptive survey research method was used for the study. The population consisted of 277 library staff in academic libraries of government owned institutions. Questionnaire and structured interview guide was used to collect data which was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Mean scores and standard deviation were used to analyze data generated for the two research questions while t-test was used for the …


Required Course Materials And Library Resources: How To Integrate Streaming Videos And Etextbooks, Lily Dubach, Sara Duff May 2022

Required Course Materials And Library Resources: How To Integrate Streaming Videos And Etextbooks, Lily Dubach, Sara Duff

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Presentation for the University of Central Florida's Faculty Center for Teaching & Learning Summer 2022 Conference. This session demonstrated to faculty how to find and adopt library-sourced eTextbooks and streaming videos.


Utilization Of Social Networks Sites Among Lis Professionals In Academic Libraries: A Study Of Balochistan, Pakistan., Zhiwei Tang, Anwar Muhammad May 2022

Utilization Of Social Networks Sites Among Lis Professionals In Academic Libraries: A Study Of Balochistan, Pakistan., Zhiwei Tang, Anwar Muhammad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The importance of Social media in academic libraries cannot be denied and overstated. The rapidly growing need for social media and its associated tool are creating problems and comfort for both uses and producers. The academic libraries have accepted the changes due to the demand, need, and expectation of library users. The prime objectives of the study were to find out the perception, use, issues, factors and marketing among the library professional in academic libraries of Balochistan, the descriptive survey method were used to complete this paper. The sample size was comprised of 67 library professionals. The data has been …


A Citation Analysis Of Scholarly Communications Of Universities In Karnataka, Kodandarama ., Chandrashekara M May 2022

A Citation Analysis Of Scholarly Communications Of Universities In Karnataka, Kodandarama ., Chandrashekara M

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose-The study aims to analyse the resources used in the citations of 571 research publications of University of Mysore and Karnatak University in the field of physics and prepares the list of core journal, leading publishers and prolific authors. For any research and academic institutional libraries, books and journals are considered as key resources. As the resources are more and diverse, collection building is a tough task for librarians. Citation analysis is one of the best methods to list the most used resources by the users. The paper highlights the extent of use of different sources in the research …


Measuring Fake News Acumen Using A News Media Literacy Instrument, Tyler W. S. Nagel May 2022

Measuring Fake News Acumen Using A News Media Literacy Instrument, Tyler W. S. Nagel

Journal of Media Literacy Education

News media literacy education is gaining increased attention in the age of fake news and post-truth America. However, as with any pedagogical goal, it is important to be able to evaluate the success of the delivery. In a survey built on existing news literacy frameworks, 1476 students at a large Canadian polytechnic answered questions about their own news literacy, fake news acumen, and news consumption habits. Analysis of the data suggests that conscientious fake-news attitudes and behaviors are correlated with an existing news media literacy scale, providing a method of evaluating the success of fake news education efforts.


Assessment Of Health Information Literacy Of Nigerians On The Preventive Measures Of Covid 19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Online Survey, Onyedikachi Michael Okwor Mr, Linus I. Ugwuanyi Mr, Emmanuel C. Eze Dr, Jude Chidike Onah Mr May 2022

Assessment Of Health Information Literacy Of Nigerians On The Preventive Measures Of Covid 19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Online Survey, Onyedikachi Michael Okwor Mr, Linus I. Ugwuanyi Mr, Emmanuel C. Eze Dr, Jude Chidike Onah Mr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study assessed the health information literacy level of Nigerian on the preventive measures and management of COVID 19 pandemic using online cross sectional survey. The research design adopted for the study is descriptive survey research design. Nigerians between the age of 15 and above made up the population of the study. Online survey using Google form was conducted between using social media platforms. To assess the health information literacy level of Nigerians on the preventive measures of COVID-19; a 25 objective questions constructed by the researcher called “COVID-19 Health Related Information Literacy Assessment Scale” was used. Data collected was …


Lecturers Attitude Towards Collaborating And Communicating With Librarian For Effective Teaching In Universities In South-South Nigeria., Mary Idahosa Mrs, Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose Dr May 2022

Lecturers Attitude Towards Collaborating And Communicating With Librarian For Effective Teaching In Universities In South-South Nigeria., Mary Idahosa Mrs, Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study investigated the attitude of lecturers towards collaborating and communicating with the librarians for effective teaching in universities in south-south Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised 2,500 lecturers in faculty of humanities and science in federal universities in south-south Nigeria and the sample size was 750 lecturers selected using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection was questionnaire. A total of 750 copies of questionnaire were administered by the researchers, out of which 730 copies were correctly filled and returned and used for the study. The data obtained …


Seminar In Labor And Employment Law Lhr 532, Andrée J. Rathemacher May 2022

Seminar In Labor And Employment Law Lhr 532, Andrée J. Rathemacher

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.


Diamonds Down Your Sofa, Aisling Coyne, Yvonne Desmond, John Donovan May 2022

Diamonds Down Your Sofa, Aisling Coyne, Yvonne Desmond, John Donovan

Other

Every RPO has or should have an institutional repository. As a showcase for what you do especially outputs that are not suitable for publication, they are hard to beat but how many of us extract the full value from them? How many of us treat them as electronic warehouses and never look at them again? In short, how many of us have no idea of how much really know? Repositories store so much more than just full-text articles, they are used to catalogue everything from artworks to zoom logs and everything in between and that breadth represents hidden but real …


Pandemic Transitions: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Hiring And Onboarding In Academic Libraries, Lauren M. Fletcher, Roslyn Grandy, Faythe Thurman, Rachel Whitney May 2022

Pandemic Transitions: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Hiring And Onboarding In Academic Libraries, Lauren M. Fletcher, Roslyn Grandy, Faythe Thurman, Rachel Whitney

UConn Library Presentations

Objectives: To explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected hiring and onboarding practices in academic libraries.

Methods: An embedded mixed-methods approach, utilizing grounded theory, was used to develop an online survey to identify changes that occurred in hiring and onboarding practices in academic libraries resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were hiring managers (including human resources staff, library administration, search committee chairs, or library supervisors) in an academic library setting. Invitations to participate were sent to multiple academic library listservs and social media groups.

Results: Results will be analyzed to determine trends in hiring and onboarding practices …


Social Networking: Instrument For Promoting Library Services To Undergraduate Students In University Of Nigeria Nsukka., Asogwa Amuche Maryrose, Onyeke Emmanuel Onyeke May 2022

Social Networking: Instrument For Promoting Library Services To Undergraduate Students In University Of Nigeria Nsukka., Asogwa Amuche Maryrose, Onyeke Emmanuel Onyeke

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the use of social networking in promoting library services to undergraduate students in University of Nigeria Nsukka. The study was carried out in Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka. The population of the study comprised 180 library staff and four research questions guided the study. Data for the study were generated using questionnaire and data were analysed using mean and standard deviation, frequency tables and percentages. The findings revealed that some social networking platforms are used for the promotion of library service to undergraduate students of University of Nigeria Nsukka. …


Information Literacy, Critical Thinking And Research Productivity Of Doctoral Students In Universities In Ogun State, Nigeria, Ezinwanyi Madukoma Dr., Adesola Paul Adekunle May 2022

Information Literacy, Critical Thinking And Research Productivity Of Doctoral Students In Universities In Ogun State, Nigeria, Ezinwanyi Madukoma Dr., Adesola Paul Adekunle

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Research productivity is one of the major determinants of the prosperity and academic status of a nation. To ensure its continuity, universities have put in place doctoral education meant to initiate doctoral students into the research culture; nurture and groom them until they become productive researchers. However, evidence from the literature indicated that doctoral students in universities in Ogun state are experiencing low research productivity which poses a threat to the sustenance of scholarship and prosperity of the nation. Several studies have examined the research productivity of scholars and factors that are likely to enhance it. Some of these studies …