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Book Review — "Introduction To Marketing: Moroccan Experiences" By Mamoun Lahbabi, S. Benchekroun

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This reading note reviews Mamoun Lahbabi's book "Initiation au marketing. Expériences marocaines," presented as a plea addressed to firms still reluctant to adopt a market-oriented approach. The reviewer situates the book within a context of intensifying competition and the opening of markets, in which consumers' renewed demands compel firms toward greater quality and continuous effort. The work is organized around a trilogy: a simplified presentation of dominant marketing concepts, a continuous illustration of Moroccan practice, and a marketing analysis of specific firms. The note outlines the book's five chapters, covering the historical background and components of the marketing concept, demand …

The Question Of Rural Space Planning In Morocco, El Maâti Lami

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article addresses the planning and development of rural space (aménagement de l'espace rural) in Morocco, a discipline the author considers to lack a complete theoretical and scientific foundation. The first part defines rural space and its implications, distinguishing it from urban, agricultural, and pastoral space, and presents the natural distribution of Moroccan territory (agricultural, pastoral, forest, and uncultivated land). The second part analyzes the major obstacles to rural planning: institutional obstacles arising from the dispersion of competences among numerous ministries (notably Interior and Agriculture) and among central and local actors, and financial obstacles reflected in weak local finances and …

The Disciplinary Power Of The Order Of Physicians, Dris Sdoud

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes the disciplinary power of the Moroccan Order of Physicians, tracing its legal foundations and organization. After reviewing the historical evolution from the dahirs of 1941 and 1949 to the framework established by the dahir bearing law of 21 March 1984, the author examines the foundation of disciplinary power through two competing doctrines—contract theory and institution theory—favoring the latter as inherent to the professional order. The study then addresses the disciplinary competence of the regional and national councils (ratione personae, ratione materiae, and ratione loci), the notion of professional misconduct, and the categories of disciplinary sanctions (moral penalties, …

The Experience Of Administrative Reform In Morocco, Hassan Ouazzani Chahdi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article traces Morocco's experience of administrative reform from independence to the late 1980s, conceived less as a single rupture than as a series of continuous adaptations of the inherited administrative apparatus. After discussing competing definitions of administrative reform, the author examines how the theme has been articulated in political discourse - royal and prime-ministerial speeches - in successive national development plans (from 1973-1977 to 1988-1992), and in administrative texts emanating chiefly from the Ministry of Administrative Affairs. The second part assesses reform in practice across three domains: the reform of ministerial structures undertaken from 1973, the reform of public-service …

The Provincial And Prefectural System In Morocco, Abdelfattah Eddahbi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines Morocco's provincial and prefectural system, characterized by a historical specificity that blends Muslim and Makhzen traditions with principles borrowed from French public law (deconcentration, decentralization, administrative supervision). The first part identifies the actors of the system: the provincial or prefectural assembly, a marginalized elected body subject to strict supervisory control (tutelle) over both its acts and its members, and the governor, the State representative who holds preeminent executive power through information-gathering and decision-making. The second part analyzes the governor's missions, distinguishing traditional missions (hierarchical power over local authority agents, maintenance of public order and administrative police powers) …

The Control Of Public Administration In Morocco, Abdellah El Moutaouakil

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article offers a critical survey of the mechanisms controlling public administration in Morocco at the central level. Distinguishing internal from external controls, the author first examines internal administrative controls - the 'apparent' controls exercised by inspection bodies with limited or extended competence (notably the General Inspectorate of Administrative Services and the General Inspectorate of Finance) and the 'presumed' controls inherent in administrative hierarchy, whether exercised ex officio or upon appeal by citizens. He then analyses external controls: judicial review before the Supreme Court, financial control by the recently established Court of Accounts, parliamentary control through written and oral questions, …

An Essay On The Definition Of The Ship (Maritime Law, Law Of The Sea), Mohamed Dhimni

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Public international maritime law and the law of the sea provide no uniform definition of the 'ship', a lacuna left unresolved by the 1958 Geneva Conventions and the 1982 Montego Bay Convention. This study surveys three sources - legal doctrine, national legislation and international conventions - to identify the constitutive criteria of the vessel. The author shows that, despite considerable terminological confusion arising from the proliferation of new craft (hovercraft, hydrofoils, floating platforms, automated and submersible engines), doctrine and most legal texts converge on aptitude for maritime navigation as the essential criterion. After examining how comparative legislation and successive conventions …

The Strategy Of Empires, Mohamed Ghomari

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This essay analyses the strategic logic of the two Cold War 'empires', the United States and the Soviet Union, from the Yalta partition of the world to the late-1980s rapprochement. The author traces the doctrine of mutual nuclear deterrence - the arms race and the resulting 'balance of terror' - through which each superpower sought to make any aggression suicidal while avoiding direct confrontation. He then examines the breakdown of this equilibrium, driven by the spiralling cost of armament, the destabilising prospect of the American Strategic Defense Initiative ('Star Wars'), and Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost, which reduced the …

American Military Actions Against Libya And International Law, Abdelkhaleq Berramdane

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines, under public international law, the legality of the two United States military operations against Libya in 1986: Prairie Fire (24-25 March) and Eldorado Canyon (14-15 April). The author argues that both contravene the customary and conventional obligation of non-intervention and the prohibition of the use of force in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. Relying on the International Court of Justice's Nicaragua and Corfu Channel judgments and on General Assembly resolutions, he shows that the conditions for self-defence under Article 51 - prior armed aggression, necessity and proportionality - were not met. The study then qualifies this …

Legal Aspects Of The Feasibility Of The Fixed Link Project — Introductory Report, Abdelhamid Ahmady

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This introductory report reviews the legal aspects of the feasibility of the proposed fixed link across the Strait of Gibraltar connecting Spain and Morocco. Written in the spirit of the third international colloquium (Marrakech, 1990) and drawing on nearly a decade of pre-feasibility studies, the author presents the methodology adopted by the Spanish-Moroccan legal working group established under the 1980 cooperation agreement. The analysis situates the project within its geopolitical context — the meeting point of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic and of two regional groupings (the EEC and the Arab Maghreb Union) — and addresses the central question of …

National Sovereignty And International Arbitration, Jamila Houfaidi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article explores the tension between national sovereignty and international arbitration in investment disputes between underdeveloped states and foreign companies. Against the backdrop of the perceived decline of the socialist system and the New International Economic Order, the author traces how the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources has shaped, and been challenged by, arbitral practice. The first part examines the internal legal order: how recourse to arbitration, originally an act of sovereign will, became an instrument through which foreign investors sought to remove disputes from host-state law, as illustrated by colonial and post-colonial petroleum codes and the Calvo …

Agriculture In The Moroccan Development Strategy, Abdeslam Seddiki

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes the place of agriculture in Morocco's development strategy since independence. Although agriculture is officially a priority sector, it fails to ensure the country's food self-sufficiency and security, covering only part of cereal, dairy and edible-oil consumption while employing over 40% of the active population for only 15% of GDP. The author reviews the objectives and means of agricultural policy — the dam-building strategy, the 1969 Agricultural Investment Code, and agricultural credit — and shows that public action has chiefly benefited large irrigated estates, aggravating regional and social inequalities and the proletarianisation of the peasantry. State subsidies, mechanisation, …

Some Theoretical Analyses And Applied Problems Of Domestic Price Regulation In Developing Economies, Jean-Paul Courtheoux

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the theoretical foundations and applied problems of domestic price regulation in developing countries. Starting from the French experience, where price controls emerged in post-war scarcity and were abolished only after 1986, the author argues that price regulation in developing economies is not merely an anti-inflationary instrument but a fundamental component of economic and social equilibrium. Two questions structure the analysis: the relationship between price regulation and the level of development, and the original features such regulation acquires under conditions of scarcity. Drawing primarily on the cases of Benin and India, the study identifies economic criteria (price level, …

Monetary Authority In Morocco: Organization And Powers, Larbi Benothmane

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This study analyzes the organization and powers of the monetary authority in Morocco. While the public-service mission of monetisation is shared among numerous institutions — the Ministry of Finance, Bank Al Maghrib (the central bank), the Credit and Financial Market Committee (CCMF), the Professional Grouping of Banks and specialized financial bodies — the author argues that monetary authority proper belongs essentially to the Ministry of Finance and the central bank, and only accessorily to the CCMF. Based on the 1959 statutes of Bank Al Maghrib and the 1967 royal decree on the banking profession, the analysis shows that the Minister …

Enterprise Modeling: The "Dyn-Stocks" Example — System Dynamics Applied To Inventory Management, Ahmed El Moukhtari

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article presents the objectives and results of a collective research project carried out within the CEREDE committee of the French Order of Chartered Accountants on inventory and supply management as a logistical base of the firm. Drawing on J.W. Forrester's system dynamics and industrial dynamics, the author develops a simulation model named "DYN-STOCKS" to explain the cash-flow variations arising from the operating cycle of a trading enterprise. The first part examines the problems posed by inventory management and enterprise modeling, distinguishing administrative organization, valuation, and decision-making. The second part introduces the DYN-STOCKS model, which represents the firm and its …

Review Of 'The League Of Arab States And The Problematic Of Arab Economic Integration' (Doctoral Research By El Mokhtar Moutî'), Abdellah Rakala El Ouazzani

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This critical review presents a State doctorate research project in public law (international relations), 'The League of Arab States and the Problematic of Arab Economic Integration,' submitted by El Mokhtar Moutî' at the Faculty of Law in Fès. The reviewer notes the work's considerable size (824 pages in two volumes, excluding appendices) and observes that its comprehensiveness sometimes overshadows finer detail. He summarizes the structure: an introductory section on the theoretical framework of Arab economic integration and its two main currents (liberal and socialist); a first section analyzing economic integration during the era of rising Arab nationalism, in which political …

Within The Faculty: Report On The Defense Of El Houssine Belloutch's Thesis 'Fire Insurance In Moroccan Law', Mohamed El Kachbour

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This piece, from the 'Within the Faculty' (Vie de la faculté) section, reports on the defense of a higher-studies diploma (DES) thesis in private law, 'Fire Insurance in Moroccan Law,' presented by El Houssine Belloutch on Saturday 21 July 1990 before a committee chaired by Dr. Abderrahman Slami, with Dr. Abdelkader Azergui and Dr. Abdelwahed El Alami as members; the thesis was accepted with a grade of 15/20. The report summarizes the student's presentation — a set of observations and criticisms addressed to the Moroccan legislator — and the members' remarks. Azergui's discussion emphasized the comprehensive relationship linking the social, …

Review Of 'The International Protection Of Industrial Property And Its Legal Applications' (Doctoral Thesis Of Abdellah Dermich), Abdellatif Hidayatollah

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This is a critical review presenting the State doctorate thesis in law, 'The International Protection of Industrial Property and Its Legal Applications,' defended by Abdellah Dermich at the Faculty of Law in Casablanca on 26 November 1988. The reviewer praises the work's importance, its roughly 1,250 pages, and its rich and varied sources, including publications of WIPO and specialized organizations. He summarizes the thesis structure: an introductory part on general principles of industrial property (its historical development, definition, and legal nature), followed by a first section on international protection of new innovations — patents, industrial designs and models — and …

The Constitutional Foundations Of The Moroccan Administration, Mohamed Achargui

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes how the Moroccan Constitution distributes administrative powers among the constitutional authorities and defines the bodies that make up the active and consultative administration. In a first part, the author studies the allocation of administrative competences between the legislative and regulatory (executive) powers, showing — through the case law of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court — that the current constitution broadened the regulatory domain regarding public institutions, local authorities, public service, and the civil service, while the legislature retains essential matters such as fundamental guarantees for civil servants. A second part identifies the administrative authorities proper: …

Approaches To Administrative Reform: Theoretical Foundations, Practical Approaches, And Current Trends, Mostafa El Kettiri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This study examines administrative reform as a permanent, integrated process inseparable from organization, planning, financing, training, and the wider social system. The author distinguishes a narrow conception of reform (limited to reorganization) from a comprehensive one encompassing all administrative functions, and reviews the theoretical lineage of administrative thought from Weberian bureaucracy and the merit-based civil service to the behavioral (human relations) school. He contrasts the Anglo-Saxon model, in which administrative reform follows socio-economic change, with the Soviet model, in which bureaucratic revolution precedes reform, and argues that neither can simply be transplanted into developing countries. Drawing on Arab and international …

A Reading Of Moroccan Criminal Procedure Through Some Of The Functions Assigned To The Public Prosecution, Mohamed Jouhar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article offers a critical reading of the Moroccan Code of Criminal Procedure through the lens of the functions assigned to the public prosecution (ministère public), treated as the cornerstone of criminal procedure and as a barometer of the balance criminal law must strike between safeguarding public order and guaranteeing individual liberties. After a historical sketch tracing the institution to the French Protectorate (Dahir of 12 August 1913) and its later evolution, the author examines how the prosecution oversees and encroaches upon the investigating judge, and how it exercises investigative powers directly, especially in cases of flagrante delicto and following …

Signal And Substance: Why Methodological Sophistication Fails To Guarantee Inference, Aamir Rashid, Rizwana Rasheed

Publications and Research

Despite increasing analytical sophistication, empirical research in organization studies continues to suffer from fragile inference, uneven theoretical accumulation, and contested credibility. This paper seeks to explain why these problems persist by shifting attention from authors’ methodological choices to the evaluative dynamics of peer review. Adopting a conceptual and theory-analytic approach, the paper theorizes peer review as an inferential gatekeeping system. Drawing on research design, theory evaluation, and philosophy-of-science literatures, this study develops an analytical framework to examine how evaluative routines shape what constitutes empirical rigor during the review process. The analysis identifies five recurring reviewer blind spots: inferential scope inflation, …

Think Your Cellphone Data Is Protected Without A Search Warrant? Think Again., Adam M. Gershowitz

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

Unspent Donations In Donor Advised Funds - Policy Recommendation, Oriel Nolan-Smith

Hatfield Graduate Journal of Public Affairs

Billions of dollars are sitting in Donor Advised Funds, delaying support for charitable organizations seemingly at odds with the intent of U.S. charitable tax policy. With no requirement for annual distribution nor timelines for disbursement, Donor Advised Funds allow individual and institutional donors to postpone directing funds to charitable organizations - despite already claiming tax benefits. As a result, some DAFs distribute less than 5% of assets annually, while many of the institutions managing the DAFs continue collecting fees.

Two complementary policy interventions are recommended: (1) the issuance of a federal regulation requiring annual minimum distributions from all DAFs, and …

The Integration Of New Employees In An Uncertain And Complex Environment: A Renewed Approach To The Mentoring Process, Kaoutar Razzaq, Rhita Serir

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

In today's VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) organizational environment, characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and rapid transformation, traditional onboarding mechanisms are no longer sufficient to effectively and sustainably support the integration of new employees. This article examines mentoring as a strategic lever for organizational socialization, knowledge transfer, and competency development among new recruits. Particular attention is given to the role of senior mentors, whose experience and expertise facilitate newcomers' assimilation of organizational norms, practices, and expectations while preserving institutional knowledge. The study argues that the effectiveness of the mentoring process relies on the integration of two complementary dimensions: a formal …

Public Administration 2.0: How Artificial Intelligence And Digitalization Are Reinventing Public Services, Raja Temnati

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming public administrations, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance the management, efficiency, and transparency of public services. AI enables the automation of administrative processes, the personalization of public services, and improved access to government resources for citizens. However, this digital transformation also presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of data security, infrastructure management, and digital inclusion. This article draws on case studies conducted in Niger, Quebec, Morocco, France, and Algeria, revealing contrasting outcomes. In some contexts, digitalization has improved access to public services, reduced administrative processing times, and strengthened …

Market Response Time And Performance: The Case Of Exporting Smes, Kamar Abaaoukide

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Performance remains one of the most widely debated concepts in management sciences, with no universal consensus regarding its definition, determinants, or measurement. Nevertheless, it remains a fundamental criterion for evaluating business success. This study examines the influence of market response time on organizational performance. The empirical investigation was conducted through case studies of two exporting SMEs operating in the textile industry, a sector characterized by intense international competition. The findings highlight the strategic importance of rapid market responsiveness as a key driver of competitiveness and organizational performance in export-oriented businesses.

The Impact Of Big Social Data On Optimizing The Marketing Strategies Of Moroccan Companies: Opportunities And Challenges, Leila Kissi, Hasna Benomar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

With the rapid growth of social media and the increasing volume of data generated online, Moroccan companies face both significant opportunities and major challenges in leveraging Big Social Data. This exploratory study aims to examine the extent to which Moroccan companies integrate Big Social Data into their marketing strategies while identifying the opportunities they derive from its use and the obstacles they encounter. The findings reveal that, despite maintaining an active presence on social media platforms, the exploitation of Big Social Data remains limited, primarily due to technological complexity and a shortage of specialized skills. In response to these constraints, …

Customer Experience At The Heart Of The Moroccan Banking Revolution, Raja Temnati

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines customer satisfaction with Moroccan banks, particularly in the context of the growing digitalization of banking services. Based on a qualitative survey, it identifies the key factors influencing customer satisfaction, including the performance of online services, the speed of request processing, and the quality of interactions with bank advisors. The findings show that banks offering seamless and secure digital services while maintaining high-quality in-branch customer support achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction, loyalty, and corporate image. Conversely, banks with limited online services, high perceived fees, and inadequate branch service generate greater customer dissatisfaction. The study highlights the importance …

The University In Support Of Small Businesses Through The Recognition Of Entrepreneurs' Professional Experience (Rape) Framework, Mostafa Kharbachi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article proposes a framework designed for entrepreneurs who previously operated in the informal sector before formalizing their businesses but who are unable, due to the limited age of their legal enterprises, to qualify for public or private procurement opportunities, as is the case for many micro-enterprises and self-employed entrepreneurs in Morocco. The proposed incentive mechanism, entitled the Recognition of Entrepreneurs' Professional Experience (RAPE), is also intended to support informal micro-enterprises wishing to transition into the formal economy through coaching and professional assistance. The paper presents the principles of this framework, whose implementation requires collaboration between public institutions, private organizations, …