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Gender And Emotional Expression In The Courtroom: Mock Juror Perceptions Of Attorney Effectiveness, Emma Cantrell

Undergraduate Theses

This quantitative study examines how gender and emotional expression influence mock jurors' perceptions of an attorney's courtroom effectiveness. Using mock jurors, this study extends previous research suggesting that assertiveness and emotional displays are evaluated differently by gender. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of four closing statements in a mock burglary trial. The videos were of either a male or a female attorney delivering a passive or an aggressive argument. Participants then evaluated the attorney’s effectiveness across four categories: competence, persuasiveness, ability to instill confidence, and emotionality. Male participants generally rated female attorneys as less effective than female participants …

Appeal No. 1029: Appalachia Minerals, Llc. V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Order 2024-20

Appeal No. 1036: G & M Smith Family, Llc. V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Order 2024-287

Appeal No. 1058: Big M Petroleum Corporation V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Orders 2025-335, 2025-336, 2025-337, and 2025-338

Appeal No. 1059: Big M Petroleum Corporation V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Orders 2025-335, 2025-336, 2025-337, and 2025-338

Appeal No. 1060: Big M Petroleum Corporation V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Orders 2025-335, 2025-336, 2025-337, and 2025-338

Appeal No. 1031: Mason Drilling, Inc.. V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Order No. 2024-73

Appeal No. 1061: Big M Petroleum Corporation V. Division Of Oil & Gas Resources Management, Ohio Oil & Gas Commission

Ohio Oil & Gas Commission Decisions

Appeal of Chief's Orders 2025-335, 2025-336, 2025-337, and 2025-338

The Effectiveness Of Wellness Programs On Public Safety Personnel, Thomas T. Nguyen

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Stressful situations have become a common theme that many first responders have encountered while on the job. As more studies have surfaced regarding the causes of stress, the ability to reduce stress while minimizing any adverse reactions that result from them have been minimal. Just as the catalysts for stress are not the same for everyone, the reactions to treatments that are offered will vary in effectiveness. Since not all agencies have programs in place to deal with the mental and physical traumas that affect first responders, the focus will be on one agency that has recently implemented multiple treatment …

Circumstances Surrounding Officer Involved Fatal Shootings, James Corrin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Over the past several years, there has been concern from mainstream media outlets, politicians, citizens, and community leaders that police officers in the United States engage in unjustified use of deadly force events within communities. This has led to violent protests across the country. Police reform and the de-funding of the police have been a crucial topic for debate and discussion. An argument has been made by some individuals that law enforcement officers involved in the fatal shootings of unarmed Black male citizens are racially motivated. The purpose of the following research is to identify if these arguments are valid. …

Art Battle: Perceptions Of Criminality In Rap Vs. Stand-Up Comedy, Abiodun A. Akinseye, Fabiana Alceste, Ashley N. Peters

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Applied research on perceptions of rap music shows that it is viewed more negatively than other musical genres, such as rock or country (e.g., Dunbar et al., 2016). This is in part due to associations between rap and Blackness, including stereotypes about Black people in general and about rappers specifically (e.g., Reyna et al., 2009). In the United States, prosecutors will sometimes present a rapper’s lyrics as a form of confessionary evidence in the courtroom (e.g., State of New Jersey v. Vonte Skinner, 2012). The practice of using art as criminal evidence appears to be unique to the musical genre …

The Conundrum Of Industrial Policy: Incompatibility With The Rules Of International Trade Law, Yong-Shik Lee

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Since the end of World War II, successful developing countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and, more recently China, have leveraged industrial policies—notably trade measures and subsidies—to achieve economic development. However, these industrial policy tools often conflict with the rules of international trade established under the World Trade Organization (WTO law), which aims to minimize government interference and reduce trade distortions. Paradoxically, such regulatory constraints hinder the development aspirations of many countries. Meanwhile, major global economies, including the United States, China, and the European Union, have revived industrial policies to support their key industries, such as semiconductors and electric …

The Efficacy Of Economic Sanctions On Venezuela, Jennifer Perez

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This article examines the persistent failure of U.S. economic sanctions to catalyze democratic transition in Venezuela, addressing the growing disconnect between the statutory intent of American foreign policy and the resulting humanitarian and geopolitical realities. While the U.S. government shifted from targeted sanctions against corrupt individuals to comprehensive measures against the Venezuelan oil industry, this strategy has failed to dislodge Nicolas Maduro’s oppressive regime. Instead, the article identifies a critical backfire of such policies, where broad economic pressure has inadvertently facilitated the consolidation of authoritarian power and worsened domestic suffering. The article offers two original observations. First, comprehensive oil sanctions …

Parallel Proceedings Between International Commercial Litigation And Arbitration: Existing Tools And Comparative Perspective, Joanna Ma

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This Article examines parallel proceedings in international commercial disputes, focusing on situations in which the same parties and substantially the same issues are simultaneously before a national court and an arbitral tribunal. It surveys the principal tools that jurisdictions have developed to address this problem, including the priority-in-time rule, the prioritization of arbitral tribunals, tolerance of parallel proceedings, anti-suit injunctions, and anti-arbitration injunctions. After evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, the Article argues that prioritizing arbitral tribunals provides the most coherent and workable framework for managing such conflicts. In particular, the model of granting full priority to arbitral …

The Governing Law Of Unlawfully Issued Sovereign Debt, Kei Nakajima, Shiho Kato

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In October 2019, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), a Venezuelan state owned oil and natural gas company, filed a complaint against the trustee and the collateral agent of PDVSA’s bondholders, alleging that certain bonds due in 2020 issued in exchange for the defaulted bonds due in 2017 are null and void ab initio. The main cause of action was that the 2020 bonds had been issued in violation of the provisions of the Venezuelan Constitution. This contention was advanced notwithstanding that the 2020 bonds provide that “all matters arising out of or relating in any whatsoever” to the instruments shall …

The Analytical Routes Of Aiding And Abetting Under The Alien Tort Statute, Amelia Cochran

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This paper examines whether aiding and abetting liability for corporate involvement in human rights abuses is a cognizable claim under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). Though the ATS has potential to serve as a powerful mechanism of civil redress for violations of international law, the Supreme Court has increasingly narrowed its scope in recent decades. As a result, critical questions remain unresolved regarding the cognizability of certain claims under the statute. This paper focuses primarily on Doe I et al. v. Cisco Systems, Inc. et al.,, a case emerging from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In January 2026, following …

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 04.06.26, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• From the Bookshelf: Favorite Reads from the ND Law Community
• Notre Dame Law School Global Human Rights Clinic participates in advisory opinion proceedings on democracy and human rights before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Brasília

Student News

• Perla Khattar, J.S.D. Candidate
• Summer Abdelberry, 2L

Faculty Briefs

• Jimmy Gurulé
• Maria Maciá
• Patrick Corrigan
• Diane Desierto
• Rick Garnett and 3L, Savannah Shoffner
• Christian Burset
• Lloyd Mayer
• Paolo Carozza
• Vincent Phillip Muñoz

ND Law in the News

• The Observer highlighted the second annual Death Penalty Abolition Week

Events

• Easter Monday
• Faculty Colloquium - Carter Snead
• Champions for Justice …

Czy Przejęcie Pracowników Może Stanowić Koncentrację?, Agnieszka Staszek

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie czy „przejęcie” pracowników innego przedsiębiorcy może stanowić koncentrację, a jeśli tak, to w jakich przypadkach. Inspirację stanowią sprawy zagraniczne i zjawisko tzw. acqui-hiring, czyli zorganizowanego przejęcia pracowników. Artykuł przedstawia wcześniejsze polskie i zagraniczne sprawy z tego obszaru oraz prezentuje ocenę dokonywaną przez organy antymonopolowe. Poruszono w nim także wyzwania związane z interpretacją przepisów, kryteriami zgłoszeniowymi oraz wpływem takich transakcji na rynek pracy i konkurencję. Choć zjawisko przejęcia pracowników (walka o talenty) jest szczególnie komentowane na rynku nowych technologii, to nie ogranicza się do tego sektora. Może występować na każdym rynku, gdzie pracodawcy mają …

Mmu: 04/06/26-04/12/26, Student Bar Association

Monday Morning Update

This Week @ NDLS

Mass Times

Commons Daily Menu

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Kary Nakładane Na Osoby Zarządzające Za Zawarcie Porozumienia Ograniczającego Konkurencję W Praktyce Decyzyjnej Prezesa Uokik, Wojciech O. Wydmański

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Od 2020 r. Prezes UOKiK wydaje decyzje nakładające kary na osobę zarządzającą przedsiębiorcami, którzy zawarli kontrolują ograniczającą. Z roku na rok tego typu kar jest coraz więcej, jest instytucją w pełni chronioną prewencyjną i represyjną w zakresie ochrony konkurencji. Tym bardziej ważne jest szczegółowe analizowanie praktyka decyzji Prezesa UOKiK w celu znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób polski organ antymonopolowy odnosi się do nałożenia kar na osobę zarządzającą, w tym przede wszystkim wszystkich kwestii związanych z jej wysokością. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników analizy decyzji prezesa UOKiK w zakresie stosowania kar na osobę zarządzającą przedsiębiorcami, którzy kontrolują zakazy zawarte …

Tymczasowy Zarząd Przymusowy – Sankcyjny Instrument Interwencjonizmu Państwa, Filip Grzegorczyk, Patrycja Życińska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Agresja Rosji na Ukrainę spowodowała reakcję Unii Europejskiej w postaci m.in. nałożenia sankcji gospodarczych na osoby i podmioty wspierające rosyjski reżim. Polska należy do tych państw członkowskich UE, które wprowadziły dodatkowy, krajowy system sankcji, co reguluje ustawa o szczególnych rozwiązaniach w zakresie przeciwdziałania wspieraniu agresji na Ukrainę oraz służących ochronie bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Poza sankcjami stanowiącymi lustrzane odbicie systemu unijnego, ustawodawca zdecydował o wprowadzeniu środków uzupełniających, tj. tymczasowego zarządu przymusowego i zarządu w celu przejęcia własności. Rozwiązania te – w praktyce niezwykle rzadko spotykane – tak głęboko ingerują w rynek, że powinny stanowić przedmiot badań naukowych w ramach publicznego prawa gospodarczego. …

The Constitution Of 1787 Had No Bill Of Rights: What Were The Framers Thinking?, James L. Huffman

Mercer Law Review

In this Article, I recount the brief history from the Philadelphia Convention, during which scant attention was paid to a bill of rights, to the ratification of the Bill of Rights only four years later. Although the delegates to the convention made frequent reference to individual liberty as central to their mission, and several of the newly enacted state constitutions included bills of rights, there was no serious consideration given to including a bill of rights in the constitution proposed for ratification by the states. In response to the occasional suggestions during the convention for specific rights guarantees, most of …

The Varieties Of Substantive Due Process Experience: Obergefell, Dobbs And A State Constitutional Alternative, Lawrence Friedman

Mercer Law Review

As a guide to understanding—and applying—the doctrine of substantive due process under the Fourteenth Amendment, Obergefell v. Hodges seems to have enjoyed a relatively short reign. Less than ten years after the Supreme Court of the United States held that individuals enjoy a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment to marry a person of the same sex, the Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization turned to a different approach to the task of identifying and enforcing unenumerated constitutional rights. Dobbs, like Obergefell, is not without its problems: where the substantive due process analysis articulated in Obergefell lacks rigor, …

Pronouns On The Clock: The Eleventh Circuit’S Broad Limitation Of Teacher Speech In Wood V. Florida Department Of Education, Carter E. Pannell

Mercer Law Review

Few settings test the limits of free speech more sharply than public schools, where questions of personal identity, government authority, and constitutional rights often intersect. Because the government has an interest in regulating what its employees do and say, First Amendment protections afforded to government employees are diluted in comparison to those afforded to private citizens. A contemporary example of this tension is the question of whether the government may regulate a public-school teacher’s use of pronouns or titles in their own classroom.

In 2023, Florida enacted a statute forbidding teachers from using pronouns or titles that differ from the …

The Troll On The Bridge: The Eleventh Circuit’S Ugly New Threshold Test Halts Substantive Due Process Claims In Their Tracks, Christopher C. Stiles Jr.

Mercer Law Review

The Bill of Rights established a series of fundamental American individual rights, from the freedom of speech to the right to a fair trial, that the federal government cannot violate. Yet, across a conceptual divide lies a landscape of other crucial rights the Framers never enumerated. Substantive due process is one legal mechanism that bridges that gap: extending the Constitution’s protection to these other fundamental rights. Grounded in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, substantive due process enables plaintiffs to sue for government violations of rights that, though unenumerated in the Constitution, are long-recognized by common law and essential for American …

Delusions Of Judicial Grandeur: State V. Wierson And The Return To Statutory Sanity, Max Jordan Katz

Mercer Law Review

Georgia’s insanity defenses have long reflected tension between accountability and mental illness. The State’s statutory framework, which preserves both a “mental incapacity” and “delusional compulsion” defense, reflects this tension. Yet for decades, the Supreme Court of Georgia’s decision in Bailey v. State imposed a judicial limitation: a defendant who “brought about” her own delusion through voluntary acts or omissions could not claim insanity. The court’s recent decision in State v. Wierson marks a turning point. In Wierson, the court considered whether noncompliance with psychiatric medication preempts the defendant from invoking statutory insanity defenses. Rejecting Bailey, the court reasserted the primacy …

Head Shot, Joanmarie Ilaria Davoli

Mercer Law Review

The prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment in the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires that execution methods avoid “superadding pain.” The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the imposition of a death sentence should include no additional pain beyond that needed to kill. That means, for example, that while pain may be inherent in the method of killing, torture is prohibited. As concerns about the pain involved in lethal injections has increased, states have begun executions by shooting inmates in the heart and by suffocation through gas mask. These methods have been used despite evidence that they superadd …

Still Uncertain After All Of These Years: Constitutional Rights Of Guantanamo Detainees Tried By Military Commission, Michael D. Ross

Mercer Law Review

This article explores whether Guantanamo detainees are entitled to constitutional protections at military commission trials. In 2006, Congress passed the Military Commissions Act (“MCA”). Its goal was to establish a fair system to try foreign detainees accused of war crimes. The ensuing nineteen years have revealed that the system needs reform. The most important cases, such as the 9/11 and U.S.S. Cole prosecutions, are still bogged down in pre-trial litigation that has lasted over a decade. But before policy makers consider reforms, they should know what constitutional protections apply at a military commission. Federal courts have not answered that question. …

New York Times V. Sullivan Protects Freedom Of The Press Against Seditious Libel, Not Against Personal Libel, Louis W. Hensler Iii

Mercer Law Review

Justice Clarence Thomas appears to be on a mission to reconsider the actual malice standard adopted sixty years ago by the Supreme Court of the United States in New York Times v. Sullivan. And Thomas has not been a lone voice crying in the wilderness—others also have questioned New York Times. While New York Times represents a big shift in the law for those cases to which it applies, the scope of its precise holding is relatively narrow—New York Times protects publications about the official conduct of public officials.

Moreover, focusing on the precise facts in the New York Times …

Deliberately Silenced, Rachel Kincaid

Mercer Law Review

The Prison Litigation Reform Act is celebrating its 30^th birthday this year. It was designed to make it harder for incarcerated people to file lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of their conditions of confinement and to restrict their remedies even when they do so successfully. It has been wildly effective at achieving those objectives. It has also propped up mass incarceration and facilitated the persistence of dismal conditions of confinement in carceral facilities in the United States.

The PLRA’s exhaustion requirement—arguably its most damaging provision—silences carceral voices without regard for the merit of their complaints. It does so by mandating …