Digital Commons Network^™

A Mathematical Model Of Juvenile Delinquency In The New York State, Oluwasegun Micheal Ibrahim

Articles

This report presents a mathematical model of juvenile delinquency in the New York State. In particular, we develop a juvenile delinquency system of non-linear differential equations using the mathematical epidemiology framework. In constructing this model, we assume that juvenile delinquency can be studied as a socially infectious disease. The stability of the juvenile delinquency-free equilibrium of the model is examined using the standard non-linear dynamical systems theory technique. We carried out a data fitting based on real-life data from the New York State Criminal Justice Services. The research result reveals that the formulated model conforms with the available data and …

Lessons Learned From The Pandemic: Syracuse University Women Embraced The Online Pivot In Leadership Education, Michele G. Wheatly, Lavonda N. Reed, Marie Garland, Candace C. Jackson

Articles

Women are underrepresented in higher education leadership. Many institutions offer women-only programs to bridge the gap to career advancement. COVID-19 has compounded existing gender inequities and raised concern about long-term setbacks for women. Recognizing the need to equip women to enter the postpandemic talent pool, a Women in Leadership program at Syracuse University rapidly pivoted to online delivery in the 2020–2021 academic year. The current paper reports dramatic increases in offerings, quality, and participation during the online pivot compared to in-person programming the preceding year. The pivot broadened access to women and strengthened their networks for career advancement. Integrated programming …

Keynote At The Cleveland State University College Of Law Ip+ Conference, Kathleen O'Malley

Cleveland State Law Review

Thank you for your kind introduction, Lee. Thank you too for your mentorship, support, and friendship over the years. I would not be where I am today but for having you in my life. And I want to thank both you and Professor Laser for inviting me to join you today—and for providing a soap box to champion the importance of a robust intellectual property system.

The Made And The Made-Up, Steven L. Winter Walter S. Gibbs Distinguished Professor Of Constitutional Law

Law Faculty Research Publications

Truth is an ethical relation. Facts, whether descriptions of the physical world or of historical events, are necessarily mediated by our frames of reference. This contingency opens a space for disagreement that cannot be adjudicated by an absolute standard of truth. For those seeking power or profit, the temptation to exploit this state of undecidability is strong. When many question the institutions that broker meaning – science, the professions, the media – rumors, misinformation, deliberate distortions and falsehoods all proliferate. In the digital age, the ‘made’ is swiftly supplanted by the made-up. The remedy for this predicament is not technological …

Inclusion Of Visually Impaired And Deaf Students In Kenya: A Call For Action, Edwin O. Abuya, Jane W. Githinji

Washington International Law Journal

Drawing on field data, this Article reviews the experiences of visually impaired and deaf students (VIDS) in select universities in Kenya. The paper argues that, unlike able bodied students, these learners face discrimination in these institutions. The Article focuses on three spaces where VIDS are excluded: the admission process, the learning, and the examination environments. To counter the unfair treatment, the paper proposes three solutions that VIDS and stakeholders should consider. These are consistent with legal requirements on access to education by VIDS. Firstly, course instructors should be robustly engaged with. Further, universities should provide adequate and timely information should …

Overqualified And Underrepresented: Gender Inequality In Pharmaceutical Patent Law, S. Sean Tu, Paul R. Gugliuzza, Amy Semet

Journal Articles

Pharmaceutical patents represent some of the most valuable intellectual property assets in the world: they can be worth billions of dollars if courts uphold their validity and find them infringed. But, if invalidated, generic drug manufacturers can get to market earlier, generating billions of dollars of revenue for themselves and creating enormous savings for consumers. Accordingly, drug patents are the product of careful, high-cost prosecution and are associated with high-stakes, bet-the-company litigation. But women lawyers are noticeably absent from pharmaceutical patent practice. This article reports an original empirical study finding that women comprise only one-third of the top pharmaceutical patent …

Doctoral Studies As Learning To Rename The World, Hyleen Mariaye

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

The reflective experience documented in this paper engages with doctoral learning from Freire’s (1968/2000) conceptual lens of naming the world. Written from the narrative lens of the supervisor, it considers how doctoral level studies in education can position both the supervisor and the candidates as agents actively reconstructing their understanding of the world and their place in it. The doctoral journey is viewed as praxis compelling researchers to expand their frames for reading the world, accommodating the other, including multiple voices and thus demonstrating commitment to a global and yet constantly contested notion of citizenship.

Poetry And Praxis: Lessons From An Activist Educator, Dr. Emmanuel Tabi

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

Drawing on data from a narrative multi-case study based in Toronto, Canada, this article discusses the lived experiences of one Black activist. Utilizing critical race theory, new literacy studies and the rhetoric of cultural production as theoretical frameworks, the article foregrounds the work of Ebele, a Toronto activist whose work supported the educational trajectories and emotional well-being of Black students, many of whom reported being marginalized in school. Through his creative labor, Ebele directly addressed the sociology of anti-Black racism that deeply influences the lives of Afrodiasporic people in Canada. This article continues the conversation about what it means to …

Big Data Technology Enabling Legal Supervision, Qingjie Liu, Shuo Liu, Yirong Wu, Yueqiang Weng, Yihao Wen, Ming Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Legal supervision plays an important role in the national governance system and capacity. In the era of digital revolution, the rapid development of digital procuratorial work with big data legal supervision as the core promotes to reshape the legal supervision and governance system. In this study, the inherent need of legal supervision for active prosecution in the new era, and the innovative role of new public interest litigation in comprehensive social governance, are firstly analyzed. Then, the core meaning and reshaping role of big-data-enabling-legalsupervision and supervision-promoting-national-governance of digital prosecution are discussed. After summarizing the practical experiences and challenges of big …

Creating Data From Unstructured Text With Context Rule Assisted Machine Learning (Craml), Stephen Meisenbacher, Peter Norlander

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Popular approaches to building data from unstructured text come with limitations, such as scalability, interpretability, replicability, and real-world applicability. These can be overcome with Context Rule Assisted Machine Learning (CRAML), a method and no-code suite of software tools that builds structured, labeled datasets which are accurate and reproducible. CRAML enables domain experts to access uncommon constructs within a document corpus in a low-resource, transparent, and flexible manner. CRAML produces document-level datasets for quantitative research and makes qualitative classification schemes scalable over large volumes of text. We demonstrate that the method is useful for bibliographic analysis, transparent analysis of proprietary data, …

Beyond The Corporate Responsibility To Respect Human Rights In The Dawn Of A Metaverse, Kuzi Charamba

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

Technological advances in the 21st century pose new threats to human rights from business activities. In this new technological age, individuals and communities engage through an increasing myriad of digital means and platforms, all facilitated by a smaller, more powerful set of global BigTech companies, such as Microsoft, Apple, Google, and Meta (formerly known as Facebook). In so doing, however, our lives as workers, consumers, and citizens become subject to increasing corporate control through surveillance capitalism and algorithmic governance. With the dawn of metaverses—3D immersive digital environments in which you can interact with others via avatars and through virtual and …

Employed Algorithms: A Labor Model Of Corporate Liability For Ai, Mihailis E. Diamantis

Duke Law Journal

The workforce is digitizing. Leading consultancies estimate that algorithmic systems will replace 45 percent of human-held jobs by 2030. One feature that algorithms share with the human employees they are replacing is their capacity to cause harm. Even today, corporate algorithms discriminate against loan applicants, manipulate stock markets, collude over prices, and cause traffic deaths. Ordinarily, corporate employers would be responsible for these injuries, but the rules for assessing corporate liability arose at a time when only humans could act on behalf of corporations. Those rules apply awkwardly, if at all, to silicon. Some corporations have already discovered this legal …

Navigating Beyond The Lodestar: Borrowing The Federal Sentencing Guidelines To Provide Fee-Shifting Predictability, Matthew Ahn

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

The lodestar has been the dominant calculation method for fee-shifting awards for nearly 40 years. But the lodestar has numerous persistent issues: it leads to extra litigation and judicial effort, it results in highly variable fee awards, and it incentivizes plaintiffs’ attorneys to bill extravagantly and reject settlement. This Article argues that these issues with the lodestar, along with many others, result from a mismatch between the lodestar and the purpose of the underlying fee-shifting statutes, which is to encourage attorneys to bring suits that would not normally be economically viable. Encouraging attorneys to do so requires the fee awards …

Scanning Iphones To Save Children: Apple’S On-Device Hashing Algorithm Should Survive A Fourth Amendment Challenge, Timothy Gernand

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

When Apple announced it would combat the growth of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) on its platform by scanning all its users’ devices without their consent, many of its loyal customers felt betrayed. With tech companies such as Google and Facebook arranging their business models around selling their customers’ personal information, Apple customers saw the company’s focus on privacy as a refreshing alternative. However, as Apple itself privately acknowledged, this emphasis on privacy had led to it becoming a haven for CSAM. Despite the reputational damage it would incur with its customers, Apple resolved to confront CSAM on its platform …

Natural And Artificial Neural Networks: The Chilean Legal Framework, Carlos Amunátegui Perelló

Journal of Civil Law Studies

Neuro-law and neuro-rights are emerging legal fields in the intersection of law, ethics, and technology. The aim of this study is to present the legal and scientific foundations of the matter, highlighting the Chilean regulation model on the problem.

Recommendations For Sustainable Tourism In Patagonia: An Exploratory Analysis Of Sustainable Tourism In Costa Rica, The Nordic Region, And Thailand’S Communities, Julia K. Lowery

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis explores different levels of governance and its role towards actualizing sustainable tourism in Patagonia. With the growing threat of climate change, international destinations such as Patagonia are looking to continue building their tourism industries in a sustainable way. Through analyzing case studies of national governance in Costa Rica, multi-national governance in the Nordic region, and community-based tourism in Thailand, we can better understand how each form of governance has the potential to create a sustainable tourism industry. With this understanding of successful governance in my case studies, as well as understanding the historical and political forces that have …

Covid-19 And Culture: Individualism Versus Collectivism, Short-Term Versus Long-Term Orientation, And Indulgence Versus Restraint, Charles Lanier, Navpreet Pooni

Journal of Vincentian Social Action

To some degree, all social behaviors may be affected by cultural influences. So which national cultures could be positive influences or negative influences on the prevention of a contagion? (Roser et al., 2020). This paper explores regression models for predicting initial Covid-19 cases per capita by country utilizing only Hofstede’s six Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede et al., 2010).

Regression techniques were applied to develop predictive models for initial Covid-19 rates. Two proposed models were found that explained 54% and 60% of the variability in numbers of initial Covid-19 cases by country: The first model included only Individualism, and the second included …

Building A Better Future: Restoration, Resilience, And Sustainability, Biagio Pilato, Igor Tomic

Journal of Vincentian Social Action

No abstract provided.

Forming A "Brain Print:" Using Cognitive Neuroscience And Brain Imaging As An Objective Measure Of Criminal Insanity, Christos D. Strubakos

Lincoln Memorial University Law Review Archive

Fiction popularized the concept of criminal insanity. Yet, despite its popularity in the virtual world, it is rarely used in real life. The chief reason for this is that mental disorders that may inhibit a defendant's ability to form reasonable cognitive representations of reality often do not impact his ability to form a key element of a crime: the requisite mental state. Thus, the legal definition of criminal insanity refers to a mental defect that affects a defendant's ability to appreciate her actions at the time of the crime or to understand her actions are wrong. Further complicating matters is …

Aptitude Testing As A Racially Discriminatory And Class-Skewed Method Of Regulating College Admissions. How Did It Start And Who Profits From The Current Scheme?, Courtney Garrett

Tennessee Journal of Race, Gender, & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

From Patients To Patents: The Disappearing I Of Innovation, Maggi Robert

St. Mary's Law Journal

The creation of the Mayo/Alice two-step test for patent eligible subject matter flipped the patent world upside down. Following its establishment, invalidation rates soared—particularly in the healthcare sector—impacting patients everywhere. The importance of patents in healthcare innovation and innovation generally has been emphasized as the consequences of this framework are realized.

The United States is no longer seen as a clear leader in innovation, and as a result, the economy is at risk. Start-ups and investors have turned to foreign nations where return on their investments in innovation are protected. This level of uncertainty regarding patents has never been seen …

The Pedagogical Reformulation Of International Human Rights Law Education In Asia: Where Tradition Meets Innovation, Si Chen

Indonesian Journal of International Law

This article explores the feasibility, challenges, and directions for pedagogical reformulation to make international human rights law compelling for Asian law students. Pedagogies are crucial for improving students’ learning effectiveness, achieving the goal of legal education, and supporting students in their career plans. The article underlines that traditional lecture-based pedagogy is insufficient to prepare law students for human rights-related international professional careers. This article argues that pedagogies in international human rights law education need to be reformulated for a better future for legal education in Asia. It builds on three sets of sources concerning teaching, researching, and practicing international law …

How To Choose A Law Review: An Empirical Study, Ignacio Cofone, Pierre-Jean G. Malé

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Put Down The Phone! The Standard For Witness Interviews Is In-Person, Face-To-Face, One-On-One, Sean D. O'Brien, Quinn C. O'Brien, Dana Cook

Hofstra Law Review

The article focuses on professional standards for investigative interviews, the social science supporting the in-person, face-to-face interview standard. It mentions standards that apply to capital mitigation work, the problems created by remote witness interviews are not unique to death penalty work. It also mentions police officers, social workers, parole officers, and defense investigators knock on doors and mental health experts investigated prevailing standards of performance.

Liberty And Justice For Y’All: Allowing Legal Paraprofessionals To Practice Law To Reduce The Effects Of Legal Deserts In Rural Georgia, Amanda Claxton

Mercer Law Review

The lack of attorneys in rural America is not merely a social or cultural problem—it is a legal problem that officers of the courts cannot continue to ignore. Legal deserts are geographical areas where legal services are widely unavailable. Particularly in rural Georgia, legal deserts are a substantial issue. Attorneys and nonprofit organizations have attempted to ease the detrimental effects of legal deserts in a variety of ways; for various reasons, those efforts have been insufficient, and rural counties struggle to attract lawyers. Still, there is one method of resolving legal deserts that Georgia has yet to attempt: creating an …

Scaling Investment In Renewable Energy Generation To Achieve Sustainable Development Goals 7 (Affordable And Clean Energy) And 13 (Climate Action) And The Paris Agreement: Roadblocks And Drivers, Mithatcan Aydos, Perrine Toledano, Martin Dietrich Brauch, Ladan Mehranvar, Theodoros Iliopoulos, Sunayana Sasmal

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment

The zero-carbon energy transition is the solution to the 2022 energy crisis and a fundamental part of the solution to the global climate crisis. Yet, there are relatively low levels of investment in renewable energy in developing countries, hindering their achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contribution to the Paris Agreement goals.

In 2021, the Asia–Pacific region (excluding China) accounted for less than 8% of investments in energy transition technologies, Latin America and the Caribbean for less than 4%, and Africa and the Middle East for less than 2%. Annual investment in zero-carbon energy in developing economies other …

Conflicts Between Ghg Accounting Methodologies In The Steel Industry, John Biberman, Perrine Toledano, Baihui Lei, Max Lulavy, Rohini Ram Mohan

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment

Accurate, verifiable, and comparable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data throughout supply chains in the materials sector are necessary to drive decarbonization. This is particularly the case for the steel supply chain, a major source of GHG emissions with untapped potential for reduction. However, emissions accounting methods used by the steel industry suffer from gaps and misalignment, resulting in significant differences in reported GHG emissions. The result is a patchwork reporting landscape vulnerable to manipulation and miscommunication, generating little actionable data for policymakers, producers, customers, and investors. These shortcomings highlight the need for a harmonized carbon accounting framework for the steel …

Scaling Investment In Renewable Energy: Roadblocks And Drivers – Executive Summary, Mithatcan Aydos, Perrine Toledano, Martin Dietrich Brauch, Ladan Mehranvar, Theodoros Iliopoulos, Sunayana Sasmal

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment

The zero-carbon energy transition is the solution to the 2022 energy crisis and a fundamental part of the solution to the global climate crisis. Yet, there are relatively low levels of investment in renewable energy in developing countries, hindering their achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contribution to the Paris Agreement goals.

In 2021, the Asia–Pacific region (excluding China) accounted for less than 8% of investments in energy transition technologies, Latin America and the Caribbean for less than 4%, and Africa and the Middle East for less than 2%. Annual investment in zero-carbon energy in developing economies other …

Covid Aftermath: The Impact Of The Pandemic On Florida's Public School Students, Hannah Blount, Michael Figg, Autumn Finke, Christina Gilbert, Mackenzie O'Connell, Nyasia Minaya, Kylee Neeranjan, Alyssa Rodriguez

Gator Team Child Juvenile Law Clinic

The goal of this White Paper is to provide an overview of the current and future impacts the COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID”) has left on Florida’s public school education system. Additionally, this White Paper review shows how public education institutions are still working to address the loss of instructional time and long-term consequences due to pandemic-related school disruptions.

Compliance Through Model Checking, Avishkar Mahajan, Strecker Martin, Seng Joe Watt, Meng Weng (Huang Mingrong) Wong

Centre for Computational Law (2022-2025)

In this short note, we describe part of a case study about Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Act, which we first presented in-formally, then formally as interacting Timed Automata. From these, we derive desiderata on a language and verification framework for reasoning about compliance.