Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Law

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 391 - 420 of 1722

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Technologies Of Race: Big Data, Privacy And The New Racial Bioethics, Christian B. Sundquist Jan 2018

The Technologies Of Race: Big Data, Privacy And The New Racial Bioethics, Christian B. Sundquist

Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.


Lessons Learned From Analyzing Parent Organizing Movements, Niraj Salhotra Jan 2018

Lessons Learned From Analyzing Parent Organizing Movements, Niraj Salhotra

The Modern American

No abstract provided.


Who Are “Officers Of The United States”?, Jennifer L. Mascott Jan 2018

Who Are “Officers Of The United States”?, Jennifer L. Mascott

Scholarly Articles

For decades courts have believed that only officials with “significant authority” are “Officers of the United States” subject to the Constitution’s Article II Appointments Clause requirements. But this standard has proved difficult to apply to major categories of officials. This Article examines whether “significant authority” is even the proper standard, at least as that standard has been applied in modern practice. To uncover whether the modern understanding of the term “officer” is consistent with the term’s original public meaning, this Article uses two distinctive tools: (i) corpus linguistics-style analysis of Founding-era documents and (ii) examination of appointment practices during the …


Political Machines: The Role Of Software In Enabling And Detecting Partisan Gerrymandering Under The Whitford Standard, Graeme Earle Jan 2018

Political Machines: The Role Of Software In Enabling And Detecting Partisan Gerrymandering Under The Whitford Standard, Graeme Earle

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.


The Aba Rule Of Law Initiative Celebrating 25 Years Of Global Initiatives, M. Margaret Mckeown Jan 2018

The Aba Rule Of Law Initiative Celebrating 25 Years Of Global Initiatives, M. Margaret Mckeown

Michigan Journal of International Law

Relying on extensive reports, program documentation, and interviews with important actors in the rule of law movement, this article will explore how one key player in the international-development field—the ABA—has furthered rule of law values through its global programs. The first half of the article surveys the ABA’s involvement in rule of law initiatives. Part I explores the origins of the ABA’s work in this field, which date back to the organization’s founding and took shape after the demise of the former Soviet Union. Part II surveys the expansion of the ABA’s programs beyond Eastern Europe to other regions—a growth …


Criminal Justice, Inc., John Rappaport Jan 2018

Criminal Justice, Inc., John Rappaport

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

In the past decade, major retailers nationwide have begun to employ a private, for-profit system to settle criminal disputes, extracting payment from shoplifting suspects in exchange for a promise not to call the police. This Article examines what retailers’ decisions reveal about our public system of criminal justice and the concerns of the agents who run it, the victims who rely on it, and the suspects whose lives it alters. The private policing of commercial spaces is well known, as is private incarceration of convicted offenders. This Article is the first, however, to document how industry has penetrated new parts …


The Thin Blue Line From Crime To Punishment, Alice Ristroph Jan 2018

The Thin Blue Line From Crime To Punishment, Alice Ristroph

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

Criminal law scholarship is marked by a sharp fault line separating substantive criminal law from criminal procedure. Philosophical work focuses almost exclusively on the substantive side of that line, addressing adjudicative procedure (the trial process) rarely and investigative procedure (especially police conduct) almost never. Instead, criminal law theorists devote substantial attention to just two questions: what conduct should be criminal, and why is punishment justified? This essay argues that criminal law theory cannot adequately address these favored subjects—the definition of crime and the justification of punishment—without also addressing the enforcement mechanisms that link crimes to punishments. Specifically, philosophers of criminal …


Prophesy, Public Theology, And Questions Of Justice: Some Modest Reflections, Barry Sullivan Jan 2018

Prophesy, Public Theology, And Questions Of Justice: Some Modest Reflections, Barry Sullivan

Faculty Publications & Other Works

No abstract provided.


Working Time, Dinner Time, Serving Time: Labour And Law In Industrialization, Douglas Hay Jan 2018

Working Time, Dinner Time, Serving Time: Labour And Law In Industrialization, Douglas Hay

Articles & Book Chapters

Many economic historians agree that increased labour inputs contributed to Britain’s primary industrialisation. Voluntary self-exploitation by workers to purchase new consumer goods is one common explanation, but it sits uneasily with evidence of poverty, child labour, popular protest, and criminal punishments explored by social historians. A critical and neglected legal dimension may be the evolution of contracts of employment. The law of master and servant, to use the technical term, shifted markedly between 1750 and 1850 to advantage capital and disadvantage labour. Medieval in origin, it had always been adjudicated in summary hearings before lay magistrates, and provided penal sanctions …


The Klan's Constitution, Jared Goldstein Jan 2018

The Klan's Constitution, Jared Goldstein

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Carrots And Sticks In Private Climate Governance, Jonathan Gilligan Jan 2018

Carrots And Sticks In Private Climate Governance, Jonathan Gilligan

Texas A&M Law Review

When public governance fails to address important environmental threats— such as climate change—private governance by firms, not-for-profits, individuals, and households can produce significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Private governance can take the form of either a carrot or a stick, using incentives or punishments. Shareholder activism as a form of private governance of corporations has largely been confrontational, leading most climate-related actions to fail. This Article examines the potential for private governance to take a more collaborative approach and to frame shareholder engagement with management in terms of opportunity. It also examines private governance successes at reducing household emissions …


Public Requitals: Corrective, Retributive, And Distributive Justice, Bailey Kuklin Jan 2018

Public Requitals: Corrective, Retributive, And Distributive Justice, Bailey Kuklin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Public Lands, Conservation, And The Possibility Of Justice, Sarah Krakoff Jan 2018

Public Lands, Conservation, And The Possibility Of Justice, Sarah Krakoff

Publications

On December 28, 2016, President Obama issued a proclamation designating the Bears Ears National Monument pursuant to his authority under the Antiquities Act of 1906, which allows the President to create monuments on federal public lands. Bears Ears, which is located in the heart of Utah’s dramatic red rock country, contains a surfeit of ancient Puebloan cliff-dwellings, petroglyphs, pictographs, and archeological artifacts. The area is also famous for its paleontological finds and its desert biodiversity. Like other national monuments, Bears Ears therefore readily meets the statutory objective of preserving “historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific …


“Officers” In The Supreme Court: Lucia V. Sec, Jennifer L. Mascott Jan 2018

“Officers” In The Supreme Court: Lucia V. Sec, Jennifer L. Mascott

Scholarly Articles

This article appeared in the Cato Supreme Court Review addressing the Court's October Term 2017. The article addresses the Court's June 2018 opinion in Lucia v. SEC, which held that administrative law judges in the Securities and Exchange Commission are "Officers of the United States" within the meaning of the Constitution's Appointments Clause. Significant portions of this article are based on my earlier study of the original meaning of the Appointments Clause that the Stanford Law Review published in February 2018, see 73 Stan. L. Rev. 443 (2018).


ปัญหากฎหมายเกี่ยวกับการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมตามมาตรา 181 ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์, นพวรรณ เลาหบุญญานุกูล Jan 2018

ปัญหากฎหมายเกี่ยวกับการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมตามมาตรา 181 ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์, นพวรรณ เลาหบุญญานุกูล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ด้วยเหตุที่ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ฉบับปัจจุบันมีการบัญญัติกรอบเวลาของการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมในทุกเหตุรวมอยู่ในมาตรา 181 ทำให้เกิดปัญหากรอบเวลาสิ้นสุดลงก่อนเวลาที่ผู้มีสิทธิบอกล้างจะสามารถใช้สิทธิได้ ซึ่งจากการศึกษาเชิงประวัติศาสตร์ทำให้ผู้เขียนพบความแตกต่างเรื่องกรอบเวลาการบอกล้างที่มีปรากฏอยู่ในประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ฉบับปีพ.ศ. 2466 ซึ่งมีการบัญญัติอายุความเพื่อการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมในแต่ละกรณีแยกออกจากกันและสามารถให้ความคุ้มครองผู้มีสิทธิบอกล้างได้ดีกว่าป.พ.พ.ฉบับปัจจุบัน ซึ่งนอกจากกรอบเวลาของการบอกล้างแล้ว วิธีการและลักษณะทางกฎหมายของเวลาในการบอกล้างก็มีลักษณะที่ต่างกันด้วย ฉะนั้นความแตกต่างเหล่านี้จึงเป็นที่มาของการศึกษาหลักเกณฑ์เกี่ยวกับการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมทั้งหมดโดยวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบกับหลักกฎหมายของประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งฝรั่งเศส ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งอิตาลี ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งเยอรมัน และประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งญี่ปุ่น เพื่อค้นหาหลักเกณฑ์ที่เหมาะสมและเพียงพอต่อการคุ้มครองบุคคลผู้มีสิทธิบอกล้างตามกฎหมายของไทย หากพิจารณาหลักเกณฑ์การบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมของต่างประเทศ จะเห็นได้ว่า วิธีการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมมีอยู่ด้วยกัน 2 วิธี คือวิธีการฟ้องเพิกถอนและวิธีการแสดงเจตนา ซึ่งวิธีการบอกล้างที่ต่างกันส่งผลต่อการใช้สิทธิเรียกทรัพย์คืนในลักษณะที่ต่างกันไปด้วย ซึ่งจากการศึกษาพบว่า การฟ้องเพิกถอนเป็นวิธีการที่เหมาะสมกับประเทศที่ใช้ระบบสัญญาเดี่ยวอย่างสาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศส สาธารณรัฐอิตาลี และประเทศญี่ปุ่น และการแสดงเจตนาเป็นวิธีการที่เหมาะสมกับประเทศที่ใช้ระบบสัญญาคู่อย่างสหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี ในส่วนของลักษณะทางกฎหมายของเวลาในการบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมพบว่าส่วนใหญ่มีการกำหนดให้เป็นเรื่องอายุความซึ่งเป็นหลักกฎหมายที่เอื้อประโยชน์ต่อการใช้สิทธิบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมได้ดี ส่วนกรณีกรอบเวลาของการบอกล้างนั้นมีความหลากหลายแตกต่างกันออกไปในแต่ละประเทศแต่ก็ล้วนให้ความคุ้มครองต่อผู้มีสิทธิบอกล้างทุกประเภทได้อย่างเพียงพอ นอกจากนี้ยังมีการบัญญัติถึงสิทธิยกความเป็นโมฆียะขึ้นต่อสู้ภายหลังพ้นกำหนดเวลาบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมในประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งฝรั่งเศสและประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งอิตาลี ซึ่งเป็นเครื่องหมายแสดงให้เห็นถึงเจตนารมณ์ของกฎหมายที่มุ่งคุ้มครองความถูกต้องเป็นธรรมไว้ด้วย จากการศึกษาพบว่า ความเข้าใจที่ว่าสิทธิบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมในระบบสัญญาเดี่ยวตามป.พ.พ.ของไทยเป็นสิทธิก่อตั้งตามที่ใช้กันในระบบสัญญาคู่ อันส่งผลให้การแสดงเจตนาเป็นวิธีการบอกล้างนั้นไม่ถูกต้องและอาจก่อให้เกิดปัญหาการได้รับทรัพย์คืนในความเป็นจริงอีกด้วย โดยผู้เขียนเห็นว่า ความจริงแล้วสิทธิบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมในระบบสัญญาเดี่ยวเป็นสิทธิเรียกร้องที่ควรขอให้ศาลบังคับให้ แต่ที่ป.พ.พ.เปิดโอกาสให้การแสดงเจตนาก่อผลได้ ก็เฉพาะแต่ในกรณีที่ผู้ใช้สิทธิเห็นว่าเจตนาของตนสามารถก่อผลตามที่ประสงค์ได้หรือ เห็นว่าโมฆียะกรรมนั้นเป็นเรื่องเล็กๆน้อยๆไม่คุ้มกับการขอคำสั่งจากศาลเท่านั้น และเมื่อเป็นสิทธิเรียกร้องก็ต้องนำหลักกฎหมายเรื่องอายุความมาใช้บังคับเป็นลักษณะทางกฎหมายของสิทธิบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรม นอกจากนี้ ผู้เขียนขอเสนอให้ยกเลิกกรอบเวลาการบอกล้างเดิมและใช้อายุความ 1 ปีซึ่งเริ่มนับแต่วันที่อาจให้สัตยาบันได้เพื่อให้ผู้มีสิทธิบอกล้างทุกประเภทสามารถใช้สิทธิบอกล้างด้วยตนเองได้จริง รวมถึงเพิ่มเติมบทบัญญัติเกี่ยวกับสิทธิยกความเป็นโมฆียะขึ้นต่อสู้ภายหลังพ้นกำหนดเวลาบอกล้างโมฆียะกรรมด้วย


Towards Establishing Parenthood By Agreement In Jewish Law, Yehezkel Hezi Margalit Jan 2018

Towards Establishing Parenthood By Agreement In Jewish Law, Yehezkel Hezi Margalit

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.


Léon Duguit And The Social Function Of Property In Argentina, M. C. Mirow Jan 2018

Léon Duguit And The Social Function Of Property In Argentina, M. C. Mirow

Faculty Publications

Despite its early introduction to Argentina in 1911, the doctrine of the social function of property was not quickly appropriated into the Argentine legal system. Only after a period of more than thirty-five years did this concept of property find expression in this country through the Constitution of 1949, the Peronist constitution drafted under the guidance of the Arturo Enrique Sampay. Duguit's writings formed part of a broader understanding of the social function of property that was informed by various scholars and sources, and particularly by works on Christian humanism and the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic church. Although …


Human Rights Protection: The Role Of Institutional Capacity And Selective Adaptation, Pitman B. Potter Jan 2018

Human Rights Protection: The Role Of Institutional Capacity And Selective Adaptation, Pitman B. Potter

All Faculty Publications

This paper will examine the potential application of selective adaptation and institutional capacity to the understanding of international human rights norms and practices. Enforcement of international human rights norms depends on the capacity of intermediary institutions; that is, their ability to perform their assigned tasks. Institutional performance is in turn contingent on domestic political and socio-economic conditions, and as such, local conditions of rapid socio-economic and political transformation pose particular challenges. The other key concept in this paper, selective adaptation, describes a process by which practices and norms are exchanged across cultural boundaries. The dynamic of selective adaptation can operate …


The Changing Nature Of Death Qualification And Its Interaction With Attitude Salience, Brendan Busch Jan 2018

The Changing Nature Of Death Qualification And Its Interaction With Attitude Salience, Brendan Busch

CMC Senior Theses

Death qualification is a problematic aspect of capital trials, as death qualified jurors have higher conviction rates than non-death qualified jurors. The current study examines whether the death qualification process itself affects juror decision-making via attitude salience effects.

Participants (n=90) recruited from the venire juror pool at the Santa Ana Superior Court were asked to read a trial transcript and decide guilt or innocence and whether they would sentence the defendant to death. Half of the participants were given a survey determining death qualification before they read the trial (making death qualification salient), while the other half were given the …


Between Description And Prescription: Law, Wittgenstein, And Constitutional Faith, Gregory Brazeal Dec 2017

Between Description And Prescription: Law, Wittgenstein, And Constitutional Faith, Gregory Brazeal

West Virginia Law Review

The occasions on which ajudge or legal scholar has peered into the depths of the Constitution and found, to her surprise, that the Constitutionrequiresthe opposite ofher ideologicalpreferences, are extremely rare. Yetjudges andscholarscontinuetopresenttheirconclusionsastheproduct ofideologicallyneutralreasoning,while often criticizingthe ideologicalbiasin thereasoningoftheiropponents.A Wittgensteinianperspectiveonthenatureof legaldiscoursecanshed lighton thispuzzlinglypersistentstateofaffairs. Legal discourse, includingconstitutionalargument, is partly defined by the blending ofdescriptive reasoningabout what the law is with prescriptivereasoningabout what the law ought to be. To reach a legal conclusion based on a blend of descriptiveandprescriptivereasoning,andtophrasethis conclusion aspurely descriptive, as legal actors habitually do, is not to violate the rules of legal discourse, but to abide by them. Taking this conception …


Navigating The Confluence: Sources Of Reconciliation Flowing Between The Human Right To Water And Economic Efficiency, Brett A. Miller Dec 2017

Navigating The Confluence: Sources Of Reconciliation Flowing Between The Human Right To Water And Economic Efficiency, Brett A. Miller

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

The purpose of this research is to identify the confluence of the law and economics disciplines, using these distinct channels of scholarship not as an empirical vessel to determine the “value” or “valueless” nature of water, but rather as a means to reconcile externalities among interested parties and to identify management strategies that embrace sentiments of economic efficiency throughout the arena of global hydrocommerce. The various perspectives on water, particularly with regards to an increasing global population and demand for freshwater, elicits an intricate mosaic of tensions concerning the availability, accessibility, provision, and protection of this fundamental natural resource.

Billions …


Cooperatives: The First Social Enterprise, Elaine Waterhouse Wilson Nov 2017

Cooperatives: The First Social Enterprise, Elaine Waterhouse Wilson

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.


Religion, Neutrality, And The Public School Curriculum: Equal Treatment Or Separation?, Matthew D. Donovan Nov 2017

Religion, Neutrality, And The Public School Curriculum: Equal Treatment Or Separation?, Matthew D. Donovan

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.


Criminal Justice, Inc., John Rappaport Oct 2017

Criminal Justice, Inc., John Rappaport

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

No abstract provided.


Gender And Nation-Building: Family Law As Legal Architecture, Tracy E. Higgins, Rachel P. Fink Oct 2017

Gender And Nation-Building: Family Law As Legal Architecture, Tracy E. Higgins, Rachel P. Fink

Maine Law Review

In considering the legal architecture of nation-building, we might most readily think of public law as our subject insofar as it governs the relationship between the individual and the state, and establishes the institutions of governance and the sources and limits of their power. The essays in this volume, in large part, track this instinct in that they concern themselves with fields such as constitutional law, criminal law, and public international law. Closer to the margin of public and private law are essays dealing with various dimensions of the modern regulatory state, including banking and commercial transactions. In each of …


Moral Issues And The Virtuous Judge: Reflections On The Nomination And Confirmation Of Supreme Court Justices, Robert J. Araujo, S.J. Oct 2017

Moral Issues And The Virtuous Judge: Reflections On The Nomination And Confirmation Of Supreme Court Justices, Robert J. Araujo, S.J.

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.


A Legal History Of Adoption In Ontario, 1921-2015, By Lori Chambers, Adam Giancola Oct 2017

A Legal History Of Adoption In Ontario, 1921-2015, By Lori Chambers, Adam Giancola

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

During the period of the Great War—when the rest of the world had its eyes turned towards Europe—the province of Ontario found itself in the midst of a domestic crisis. Only two decades earlier, the provincial government had enacted legislation giving the newly-founded Children’s Aid Society (CAS) the authority to identify and protect neglected and maltreated children. This legislation emerged out of a concern over juvenile delinquency, but its range was limited: services for children were given little financial backing, and CAS workers were only locally regulated. By the end of the Great War, then, concerns about rising rates of …


Where Morality And The Law Coincide: How Legal Obligations Of Bystanders May Be Informed By The Social Teachings Of Pope Francis, Amelia J. Uelmen Oct 2017

Where Morality And The Law Coincide: How Legal Obligations Of Bystanders May Be Informed By The Social Teachings Of Pope Francis, Amelia J. Uelmen

Seattle University Law Review

Since the beginning of his pontificate, Pope Francis has offered to the world powerful signs of how we should aspire to treat each other as human beings, as brothers and sisters in the one human family. He has communicated his message and his teachings in myriad ways: through symbolic gestures; his presence and words at gatherings in our world’s most troubled places; brief messages, homilies and meditations; and official documents that continue the application of the principles of Catholic social teaching to contemporary social questions. What might these prophetic signs and statements mean for the dialogue between Catholic social thought …


Law In Books And Law In Action: The Problem Of Legal Change, Jean-Louis Halperin Oct 2017

Law In Books And Law In Action: The Problem Of Legal Change, Jean-Louis Halperin

Maine Law Review

One hundred years ago, Roscoe Pound wrote his famous article, “Law in Books and Law in Action.” Considered an important step toward American legal realism, today this article is invoked more for its title than its content. I would argue that in the article, Pound did not clearly distinguish between two separate situations: (1) the departure of decisions of courts from statements of statutory (or constitutional) law, and (2) the discrepancy between doctrine in books and empirical data about law. This second observation has fed various strands of jurisprudence, if often only through the repetition of the well-quoted formula. It …


Unequal Law, Unequal Burden: The All-Male Selective Service Act, Civilian Rights, And The Limits Of Military Deference In Modern Supreme Court Jurisprudence, Amy Mccarthy Oct 2017

Unequal Law, Unequal Burden: The All-Male Selective Service Act, Civilian Rights, And The Limits Of Military Deference In Modern Supreme Court Jurisprudence, Amy Mccarthy

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.