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Licenses, Contracts And Assignments Of Intellectual Property, Frederic B. Schramm

Cleveland State Law Review

Among the significant aspects of property or "ownership" are the rights to determine the use of it and the right to dispose of it. What has been referred to as "intellectual property," if it may truly be referred to as property, must therefore be capable of becoming the subject matter of agreements of various kinds-licenses, contracts and assignments. The lawyer is consequently concerned with applicability of the law of contracts as well as of the law of property to intellectual property.

Enforcement Of Intellectual Property Rights, Albert R. Teare

Cleveland State Law Review

Wrongful use or appropriation of the property of another is a tort. The owner of a patent has a remedy by civil action for infringement of his patent, and the District Courts of the United States have original jurisdiction of any civil action arising under any act of Congress relating to patents, trademarks and copyrights.

Protection Of Patents And Trademarks Abroad, Norman St. Landau

Cleveland State Law Review

This article is intended to point out succinctly some of the problems that the United States practitioner not versed in foreign practice may have to consider. Specific laws and specific manuals involving practice in various countries abroad, as well as many articles, have been presented frequently by others. There are, however, a number of points in connection with protection of industrial property abroad which cannot be overemphasized, but which we try to outline briefly.

Concrete Forms Of Intellectual Property, Robert J. Fay

Cleveland State Law Review

The field of intellectual property as treated in this paper encompasses mental products of industrial importance: inventions or discoveries, literary or artistic works, trade secrets,and distinguishing trademarks or trade names used in commerce. Each of these is characterized by mental activity followed by embodiment in some concrete form. Protection in a measure for the originator is found both in the statutes and in common law.

Submission And Receipt Of Ideas: Conflicting Rights, Joseph R. Teagno

Cleveland State Law Review

An idea has little or no value in the isolation of the conceiver's mind. Artistic creations and developments and improvements in products, machines, and methods are examples of such ideas. Value may be imparted to such an idea by communicating it to others who value it for its utilitarian or esthetic characteristics. Property rights arise from appreciation of such value by others, following communication.

Restrictions On Use Of Intellectual Property Rights, Harold S. Meyer

Cleveland State Law Review

Intellectual property rights are generally considered to include patents, copyrights, and ownership of unpublished technical data or "know-how," and sometimes trademarks. In spite of the basic differences in character between trademarkmrights and the others, all these rights are often dealt with as a group, particularly in Europe, where they are known collectively as industrial property rights.

Engineering Patent Agreements, Donald F. Harrington

Cleveland State Law Review

An analysis of recent cases indicates that no major changes have taken place in the interpretation of patent law since the earlier decisions. The underlying philosophy of the courts seems to be that an employer has an almost absolute right in the inventions of its employees if it is in the scope of their employment,if they are hired to invent, or if an express assignment agreement for future inventions exists. In most of the other cases outside this area, the great majority of the courts have at least held that the employer was entitled to the shop right. There has …

Tax Aspects Of Intellectual Property, Lawrence R. Bloomenthal

Cleveland State Law Review

Creative activity in the scientific, technical, literary, musical and artistic fields is encouraged by preferential treatment under the income tax laws. While musicians, authors, composers and inventors all receive some special tax benefits, inventors are awarded the most valuable tax breaks.

Parody And Burlesque -- Fair Use Or Copyright Infringement?, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

In Columbia Broadcasting System v. Loew's, Inc.,' the Supreme Court of the United States aroused great concern in the entertainment world when it affirmed (by an evenly divided court) a lower court decision enjoining CBS from producing a television burlesque by comedian Jack Benny of the motion picture Gaslight. Plaintiff Loew's had claimed an infringement of their copyright. CBS countered with the contention that their parody was a "fair use" of plaintiff's work. In affirming, the Supreme Court, in its initial consideration of this issue, placed its imprimatur upon a decision which takes the position that parody and burlesque do …

Transfer Of Patent Rights, W. Lewis Roberts

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Unwarranted Tax Discrimination Against Creators Of Copyrighted Works And Literary, Musical, Or Artistic Compositions Or Similar Properties, Linza B. Inabnit

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

News: Public Right V. Property Right, William F. Swindler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Copyrights: A Thumbnail Sketch, C. R. S.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Problems In Joint Ownership Of Patents, Harrington A. Lackey

Vanderbilt Law Review

In that area of the law where rights in the products of mental conception are created, transferred and litigated, the general practitioner is often bewildered by the challenge to identify such rights with legal principles familiar to him. Although certain of these rights have arisen and are protected under our common law, patent rights are creatures of federal statutes authorized under our Constitution. Moreover, patents are identified as property, and under the 1952 Patent Act, they have been further classified as personal property. Here the confusion begins.

Copryright - Infringement - Parody Of Dramatic Production Held Not To Be Fair Use, William J. Wise S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Prior to December 1938, Patrick Hamilton wrote an original play entitled "Gaslight" which subsequently was published, performed and protected by copyright in both England and the United States. Loew's acquired exclusive motion picture rights to the play on October 7, 1942, and produced an original feature-length motion picture photoplay of the drama, also entitled "Gaslight." In 1945 Jack Benny sought and received permission to produce a 15-minute parody of the motion picture for his radio program. In 1953, without securing Loew's permission, Benny produced a 15-minute filmed parody of the motion picture for his television program. It was entitled "Autolight" …

Atomic Energy - Patents - Patent Aspects Of Domestic Law, Euratom, And The International Atomic Energy Agency, Peter H. Hay

Michigan Law Review

With the growing importance of atomic energy, conventional legal concepts must be adapted and remodeled to fit new situations. In the area of patent law, the traditional notion that the inventor's reward should be a legal monopoly in the invention, in the form of a patent, has to be reconciled with the need for wide dissemination of technical information. The need for secrecy, for government control over weapons, and for cooperation with other countries affects the atomic patent system. These factors are reflected in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and in the agreements establishing two international organizations concerned with …

Vaughan: The United States Patent System, Arthur M. Smith

Michigan Law Review

A Review of The United States Patent System. By Floyd L. Vaughan.

What Is Prior Art, Virgil E. Woodcock

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Comments, Various Editors

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Recent Decisions, Various Editors

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Malpractice Of Patent Attorneys, B. Joan Holdridge

Cleveland State Law Review

This article will consider briefly the general nature of patent practice, and will indicate those areas where negligence on the part of the attorney could prevent a person from obtaining a patent or from having as full coverage of his invention as that to which he is entitled.

Inventors And Their Relations With Others, Howard I. Forman

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Business - Patents - Effect Of Section 271 On The Doctrine Of Contributory Infringement, Robert W. Steele S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Prior to 1952 the judiciary had sole control of questions involving the infringement of patents. The courts evolved their own concepts and rules of interpretation without legislative guidance. The Patent Act of 1952 marked a radical departure from this policy. Section 271 of the new patent act is an attempt on the part of Congress to codify the doctrine of contributory infringement. Prior to the enactment of this section there was considerable doubt as to the scope of this doctrine and even as to its continued existence. Supreme Court recognition of the defense of patent misuse appears to have diluted …

Federal Employee Invention Rights - Time To Legislate, Marcus B. Finnegan, Richard W. Pogue

Michigan Law Review

It is the purpose of this article to review judicial standards applicable to the determination of rights in inventions made by employees of the federal government, to note statutory provisions affecting the problem, to examine the content and effect of the present Executive program for determining such rights, to review and evaluate two fundamental and conflicting theories in this field, and to propose legislation establishing appropriate standards and procedures. This topic is believed to have general interest because, in addition to the urgencies suggested above, the problem touches some of the basic legal philosophy underlying the United States patent system.

Patents - The Changing Standard Of Patentable Invention: Confusion Compounded, John M. Webb S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

In Lyon v. Bausch and Lomb Optical Co., Judge Learned Hand carefully analyzed the problem and took the position that Congress intended to modify the standard then applied by the Supreme Court and revive that used twenty-five years ago. He stated that under recent Supreme Court decisions he would be compelled to find the patent invalid, but upheld it on the basis of his interpretation of the new statute. This comment is directed not only to Judge Hand's interpretation, but also to the effect that his decision has had, and may be expected to have in the future, both …

Trademarks - Extraterritorial Application Of The Lanham Act, William R. Luney S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, an American corporation, had manufactured and sold women's undergarments in the United States and Canada since 1917, under a U.S. registered trademark, "Vanity Fair." Defendant, a Canadian corporation, had registered the same trademark in Canada in 1915, and for this reason plaintiff's application for a Canadian trademark was denied in 1919. From 1945 to 1953, defendant purchased plaintiff's trademarked goods for resale in Canada. In 1953, defendant began selling goods of Canadian manufacture with its own Vanity Fair trademark, and threatened its competitors in Canada with infringement suits if they continued to sell plaintiff's trademarked goods. In an action …

Patents - Licensing - Legality Of Grant-Back Clauses, Eric E. Bergsten S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

There is no authoritative definition of the term "patent grant-back." It has been defined as a clause in a patent license which provides "for license or assignment to the licensor of any improvement patented by the licensee in the products or processes of the licensed patent." In litigated cases grant-back clauses usually appear either in basic patent licenses or in licenses of the products or processes of an industry which the licensor dominates through control of a multitude of overlapping patents.

Patents - Misues Doctrine - Multiple Licenses With Price-Fixing Provisios As Shermen Act Violation, Herbert A. Bernhard S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

In a suit for infringement of a moire process patent, relief was denied by the trial court partially on the ground that plaintiff had misused its patent by violating section 1 of the Sherman Act. Plaintiff had licensed two other moire finishers to use the patented process. Each license contained a proviso that plaintiff could specify the prices the licensee was to charge its customers for finishing cloth with the patented process. On appeal, held, affirmed. It is a violation of the antitrust laws for a patentee to issue more than one license containing price-fixing provisions. Newburgh Moire Co. …

The Limits Of State Jurisdiction In Affording Common Law Protection To Clothing Designs, Leonard S. Elman

Vanderbilt Law Review

The recent case of Dior v. Milton' indicates that the "misappropriation" doctrine of the law of unfair competition will be applied to impose liability upon unlicensed users of original clothing designs. The purpose of this article is to outline briefly the statutory protection presently available for such designs, and to discuss certain problems raised by the Dior v. Milton decision.

The Constitution, in article I, section 8, provides that Congress shall have power to enact legislation "to promote the progress of science and the useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their …

Vaughan: The United States Patent System. Legal And Economic Conflicts In American Patent History, Bernard F. Garvey

Michigan Law Review

A Review of The United States Patent System. Legal and Economic Conflicts in American Patent History. By Floyd L. Vaughan.