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Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 32: Gyrocotylidea (Order): The Most Primitive Group Of Tapeworms [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cestodaria], Willi E. R. Xylander, Klaus Rohde

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode order Gyrocotylidea, the most primitive group of tapeworms, including a discussion of their taxonomy, a description of the structure of the adult and the larva, life cycle, and ecological and economic importance.

Chapter 32 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Willi E. R. Xylander and Klaus Rohde. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap032

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 13: Myxozoa (Subphylum), Terrence L. Miller

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Recent phylogenetic and protein expression analyses have revealed the diverse group of obligate endoparasites of the subphylum Myxozoa are morphologically simplified, although highly specialized, cnidarians. Covered here are the classification and host associations of these animals, life cycle stages, infection dynamics, diagnostics, and the effect on aquatic host animal health, including whirling disease.

Chapter 13 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the subphylum Myxozoa by Terrence L. Miller. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap013

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 11: Trypanosoma (Genus) [Protozoa, Trypanosomatidae], Ana Maria Jansen, Samanta C. Chagas Xavier, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the genus Trypanosoma, protozoan flagellate parasites. Covers the classification, development, life cycles, and effect on human and domestic animal health.

Chapter 11 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the genus Trypanosoma by Ana Maria Jansen, Samanta C. Chagas Xavier, and André Luiz Rodrigues Roque. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap011

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 01: Introduction To Animal Parasitology [Introductory Concepts], Scott L. Gardner, Daniel R. Brooks, Klaus Rohde

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

This an introduction to animal parasitology, discussing the biology, history, and significance of parasites and their relationships with hosts.

Chapter 1 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, an introduction to the topic, by Scott L. Gardner, Daniel R. Brooks, and Klaus Rohde. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap001

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 24: Cathetocephalidea Schmidt And Beveridge, 1990 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Luis García-Prieto, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, Berenice Adán-Torres

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Cathetocephalidea Schmidt and Beveridge, 1990, parasites of the spiral intestine (also called the spiral valve) of sharks. Includes a discussion of their main morphological characteristics, the species in the order, a description and summary of a representative species, Cathetocephalus resendezi Caira et al., 2005, and life cycles.

Chapter 24 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Luis García-Prieto, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, and Berenice Adán-Torres. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap024

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 49: Trichuroidea And Trichinelloidea (Superfamilies) [Nemata, Adenophorea], María Del Rosario Robles, Rocío Callejón Fernández

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the nematode (roundworm) superfamilies Trichuroidea and Trichinelloidea. Includes a discussion of the taxonomy, morphological and molecular characteristics, biology, life cycle, and species of human medical and veterinary importance.

Chapter 49 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, by María del Rosario Robles and Rocío Callejón Fernández. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap049

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 55: Filarioidea Weinland, 1858 (Superfamily) [Nemata, Secernentea], Juliana Notarnicola

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the nematode (roundworm) superfamilty Filarioidea Weinland, 1858 covering general morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, host associations, life cycles, and human, domestic animal, and wild animal health implications of several species.

Chapter 55 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, by Juliana Notarnicola. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap055

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Part 1: Introductory Concepts, Scott L. Gardner, Daniel R. Brooks, Klaus Rohde, Anindo Choudhury, Matthew G. Bolek, Kyle D. Gustafson, Gabriel J. Langford, Megan R. Wise De Valdez, Jenő Reiczigel, Marco Marozzi, Fábián Ibolya, Lajos Rózsa, A. Townsend Peterson

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Part I: Introductory Concepts, chapters 1-8, pages 1-104, in Concepts in Animal Parasitology. 2024. Scott L. Gardner and Sue Ann Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States; part I doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap071

Introductory Concepts

Chapter 1: Introduction to Animal Parasitology by Scott L. Gardner, Daniel R. Brooks, and Klaus Rohde, pages 1-15

Chapter 2: Phylogenetic Systematics in Parasitology by Anindo Choudhury, pages 16-32

Chapter 3: Helminth Identification and Diagnostics: Basic Molecular Techniques by Anindo Choudhury and Scott L. Gardner, pages 33-38

Parasites in Relation to Other Organisms

Chapter 4: Hosts, Reservoirs, and Vectors by Matthew G. Bolek, Kyle D. Gustafson, …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Part 2: Protozoa, Myxozoa, Mesozoa, Donald W. Duszynski, Susan L. Perkins, Spencer C. Galen, Ana Maria Jansen, Samanta C. Chagas Xavier, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, Mary Ann Mcdowell, Jennifer Robichaud, Terrence L. Miller, Sarah R. Catalano

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Part II: Protozoa, Myxozoa, Mesozoa, chapters 9-14, pages 105-141, in Concepts in Animal Parasitology. 2024. Scott L. Gardner and Sue Ann Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States; part II doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap072

Protozoa: Apicomplexa

Chapter 9: The Coccidia Proper: Important Apicomplexa Other than Haemoprotozoa by Donald W. Duszynski, pages 107-139

Chapter 10: Haemosporida (Order): The “Malaria Parasites” by Susan L. Perkins and Spencer C. Galen, pages 140-155

Protozoa: Trypanosomatidae

Chapter 11: Trypanosoma (Genus) by Ana Maria Jansen, Samanta C. Chagas Xavier, and André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, pages 156-181

Chapter 12: Leishmania (Genus) and Leishmaniasis by Mary Ann McDowell and …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Part 4: Nemata, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Pentastomida, Scott L. Gardner, María Del Rosario Robles, Rocío Callejón Fernández, John J. Janovy Jr., Steven A. Nadler, F. Agustín Jiménez-Ruiz, Haylee J. Weaver, Valentin Radev, Anindo Choudhury, Juliana Notarnicola, Matthew G. Bolek, Ben Hanelt, Scott Monks, Chris T. Mcallister

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Part IV: Nemata, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Pentastomida, chapters 48–59, pages 532–731, in Concepts in Animal Parasitology. 2024. Scott L. Gardner and Sue Ann Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States; part IV doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap074

Nemata: Endoparasitic Nematodes

Chapter 48: Introduction to Endoparasitic Nematodes (Phylum Nemata) by Scott L. Gardner, pages 533–544

Chapter 49: Trichuroidea and Trichinelloidea (Superfamilies) by María del Rosario Robles and Rocío Callejón Fernández, pages 545–565

Chapter 50: Ascarididae and Anisakidae (Families): Large Intestinal Nematodes by Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy, Jr., Steven Nadler, and Scott L. Gardner, pages 566–581

Chapter 51: Heterakoidea (Superfamily): Cosmopolitan Gut-Dwelling Parasites …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Part 3: Endoparasitic Platyhelminths, Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy Jr., Steven A. Nadler, Scott L. Gardner, Sumiya Ganzorig, Tomáš Scholz, Roman Kuchta, Jorge Falcon-Ordaz, Luis Garcia-Prieto, Francisco Zaragoza-Tapia, Scott Monks, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, Berenice Adán-Torres, Klaus Rohde, Willi E. R. Xylander, Lucrecia Acosta Soto, Rafael Toledo, Russell Q.-Y. Yong, Thomas H. Cribb, Scott C. Cutmore, Daniel C. Huston, Nicholas Q.-X. Wee, Sue Ann Gardner, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, David Iván Hernández-Mena, Brenda Solórzano-García, Virginia León-Règagnon, Jeffrey M. Lotz, Storm B. Martin

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Part III: Endoparasitic Platyhelminths, chapters 15-47, pages 231-531, in Concepts in Animal Parasitology. 2024. Scott L. Gardner and Sue Ann Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States; part III doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap073

PLATYHELMINTHES

Chapter 15: Introduction to Endoparasitic Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes) by Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy, Jr., Steve Nadler, and Scott L. Gardner, pages 231-240

CESTODA

Chapter 16: Introduction to Cestodes (Class Cestoda) by Scott L. Gardner, pages 241-246

Eucestoda

Chapter 17: Cyclophyllidea Beneden in Braun, 1900 (Order) by Scott L. Gardner, pages 247-249

Chapter 18: Taenia (Genus) by Sumiya Ganzorig and Scott. L. Gardner, pages 251-261

Chapter …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 69: A Short Introduction To Marine Parasitology: Marine Parasites Of Economic And Medical Importance [Auxiliary Concepts], Klaus Rohde, Robin M. Overstreet

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Chapter 69 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. 2024. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States

Introduction

Parasitism, in this chapter, is defined as “a close association of two organisms, in which one—the parasite—depends on the other—the host—deriving some benefit from it. The benefit is often food” (Rohde, 2005b). Many bacteria, viruses, and fungi are parasitic but usually not studied by parasitologists sensu stricto; they are the domain of microbiologists. Parasites as defined here do not always harm their host; the border between so-called genuine parasites and other symbionts such as commensals is often …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 50: Ascarididae And Anisakidae (Families): Large Intestinal Nematodes [Nemata, Secernentea], Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy Jr., Steven A. Nadler, Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the large intestinal nematodes (roundworms) in the families Ascarididae and Anisakidae. Includes a discussion of the taxonomy, as well as the biology and other aspects of ascarids and anasakids of human medical and veterinary importance, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, Anasakis spp., and other species.

Chapter 50 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, by Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy, Jr., Steven Nadler, and Scott L. Gardner. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap050

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 42: Opisthorchis (Genus) [Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea, Plagiorchiida], Sue Ann Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

A very brief overview of the trematode (fluke) genus Opisthorchis, including taxonomy, human medical importance, and life cycle.

Chapter 42 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, compiled by Sue Ann Gardner from information from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap042

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 37: Bivesiculata Olson Et Al., 2003 (Suborder): Small, Rare, But Important [Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea, Plagiorchiida], Thomas H. Cribb, Scott C. Cutmore

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the the small, rare, but important group of trematodes (flukes) in suborder Bivesiculata Olson et al., 2003, found in the intestine of marine bony fishes in the class Osteichthyes. Includes identification methods, general morphology, life cycles, and taxonomy.

Chapter 37 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Thomas H. Cribb and Scott C. Cutmore. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap037

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 18: Taenia (Genus) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Sumiya Ganzorig, Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Discusses the cestode (tapeworm) genus Taenia, several species of which infect humans, including their general morphology, the asexual reproduction of the metacestodes, identifcation, systematics, phylogeny, distribution, hosts, and their medical and veterinary importance.

Chapter 18 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the genus Taenia by Sumiya Ganzorig and Scott L. Gardner. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap018

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 63: Siphonaptera Latreille, 1825 (Order): Fleas [Arthropoda], Marcela Lareschi

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of fleas, order Siphonaptera Latreille, 1825, the adults of which are highly specialized holometabolous arthropods adapted to parasitic life and are morphologically very different from other insects. Fleas are parasites of birds and mammals, but their greatest specific richness is associated with rodents. There are nearly 3,000 species and subspecies placed in 19 families that are currently known worldwide. Includes discussion of the general morphology of the imago, larva, pupa, and eggs, their morphological adaptation to parasitism, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy, geographic distribution, host associations, biology, reproduction, and medical and veterinary importance.

Chapter 63 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 51: Heterakoidea (Superfamily): Cosmopolitan Gut-Dwelling Parasites Of Tetrapods [Nemata, Secernentea], F. Agustín Jiménez-Ruiz

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cosmopolitan gut-dwelling nematodes (roundworms) in the superfamily Heterakoidea, which occur most often in the cecum and large intestine of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Discusses the general morphological characteristics, diagnosis, distribution and host associations, general biology, evolution, systematics, phylogeny, ecology, and conservation, including coverage of species of veterinary importance, Heterakis gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis.

Chapter 51 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, by F. Agustín Jiménez-Ruiz. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap051

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 57: Nematomorpha (Phylum): Horsehair Worms, Matthew G. Bolek, Ben Hanelt

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the horsehair worms, phylum Nematomorpha, including discussion of their general morphology, life cycle, distribution, diversity, taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology, and behavior.

Chapter 57 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, by Matthew G. Bolek and Ben Hanelt. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap057

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 09: The Coccidia Proper: Important Apicomplexa Other Than Haemoprotozoa [Protozoa, Apicomplexa], Donald W. Duszynski

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Chapter 9 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the Coccidia Ppoper, important Apicomplexa other than Haemoprotozoa by Donald W. Duszynski. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap009

Atm-/-Ung-/- Mice Present Reduced Levels Of Switched Immunoglobulin Isotypes Igg1 And Igg3, Lyric M. Haughton

Dissertations and Theses

B cells excise and recombine the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus during class switch recombination (CSR). CSR is mediated by activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and results in a new immunoglobulin isotype that B cells will secrete and present. AID produces mutations that convert cytosines to uracils within the intronic switch regions that precede and follow the target immunoglobulin isotype coding sequence. To resolve the mutations, B cells conduct either base excision repair (BER) or mismatch repair (MMR). Inactivating genetic mutations in BER or MMR reduce CSR. For example, a knock-out of uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) causes a 50% reduction …

The Challenge Of Hpai And The Role Of Human–Wildlife Interactions Research, S. Nicole Frey

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the letter from the editor-in-chief of Volume 18, Issue 3.

Understanding Cellular Dynamics: Investigating A Yeast-Two Hybrid Protein-Protein Interaction, Riok3:Cse1l; Also By Investigating Trogocytosis Of Cd4+ T Cells From Rhog-/- Mice, Brittnee N. Crane

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative-sense virus that was first described in 1930 when it was isolated from sheep during an outbreak. In the last 25 years there has been a spread in the geographical range into the Middle East. The most susceptible animals are cattle, goats, sheep, and camels. The most overt symptom of livestock infection is that infected pregnant animals experience spontaneous abortion. Humans are susceptible as well and symptoms range from mild febrile illness to liver necrosis, blindness, hemorrhagic fever, and death. An important player in the cellular innate response to RVFV infections is the …

The Sewage Microbiome Dynamics Of Different Serving Neighborhoods In Charleston, Illinois, Sandra Chiamaka Okoye

Masters Theses

The complex microbial ecosystem within sewage systems holds significant implications for environmental and public health. Unlike studies on wastewater treatment plant microbiomes, upstream sewage systems have not been studied widely. This research investigated the dynamic sewage microbiome across diverse serving neighborhoods in Charleston, Illinois, encompassing residential, hospital, industrial, and university areas. Drawing upon recent advancements in microbiome research, the study aimed to unravel the spatial and temporal variations in microbial structures. Three times between June to December 2023 sewage samples were collected from manholes in the areas mentioned above. Community DNA was extracted and sequenced for the V4-V5 region of …

Molecular Investigation Of Tick-Borne Pathogens In Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa) From Seven Us States, Sofiane Aiche

Masters Theses

Feral swine (Sus scrofa) have been proposed as part of the lifecycles of multiple tickborne pathogens (TBP). This is a result of the increase in feral swine populations and increased tick populations and geographic ranges. Few surveys exist on the TBP relevant to human and wildlife of feral swine in the US. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of 10 TBP: Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., Cytauxzoon felis, Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, Yersinia pestis, and Rickettsia spp. A total of 87 feral swine blood samples …

Investigating The Mechanisms For Priming And Maintaining Tumor Ag Specific Cd8+ T Cell Responses In The Context Of Cd4-Depletion, Delaney E. Ramirez

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Achieving durable, systemic CD8+ T cell responses against tumors is an imperative goal in treating cancer. However, suppressive cells, including Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are widely recognized to inhibit CD8+ T cell activity. For nearly two decades, anti-CD4 treatment has been used to eliminate Tregs and induces durable tumor antigen (Ag) specific CD8+ T cells, despite also depleting Foxp3-negative conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) cells. However, the underlying mechanism of anti-CD4 efficacy is not understood. In Chapter Three, we look beyond Treg depletion and investigate the potential contributions of other factors including homeostatic space, depletion of CD4+ APCs, and presence …

Transcriptional Induction Of Immune Pathway Genes And Subsequent Antibacterial Activity In The Digestive Tract Of The Cat Flea (Ctenocephalides Felis)., Katie A. Weber

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) are ectoparasites that serve as vectors of several human diseases (cat scratch disease, flea-borne spotted fever, murine typhus, and plague). Typically, these pathogens are acquired through the ingestion of a host-derived bloodmeal; thus, the lumen of the gut is the first barrier encountered by imbibed pathogens. During the early stages of infection, microbes come into contact with surrounding midgut epithelial cells which trigger a series of host responses to combat local infection. Specifically, pathogen recognition leads to intracellular signaling and an increase in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) via the IMD and Toll immune pathways. While …

Tim/Tam Receptors: A Potential Biomarker For Predicting Sensitivity To Zika Virus-Induced Oncolysis In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers, Shankari Somasekar

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) constitute 80-85% of lung cancers and are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The most common cause is prolonged smoking. Current treatment options for NSCLC include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and immunotherapy. Although these medications are effective in the short term, patients often face issues of drug resistance and debilitating side effects with prolonged use. Currently, the use of Zika virus (ZIKV) is being researched as a possible alternative treatment for cancer, which minimizes side effects and the risk of drug resistance. TIM/TAM proteins are identified as the putative ZIKV receptors on …

Innovations In Molecular Biomarkers And Biomaterial-Based Immunotherapies For Head & Neck Cancer, Sarah Anne Wong, Victoria A Manon, Simon Young, Chi T Viet

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose of review: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) survival rates have remained stagnant due to a lack of targeted therapies and diagnostic tools. Patient risk is currently determined solely through clinicopathologic features, primarily tumor staging, which lacks the necessary precision to stratify patients by risk and accurately dictate adjuvant treatment. Similarly, conventional OSCC therapies have well-established toxicities and limited efficacy.

Recent findings: Recent studies show that patient risk can now be assessed using non-invasive techniques, at earlier time points, and with greater accuracy using molecular biomarker panels. Additionally, novel immunotherapies not only utilize the host's immune response to combat disease …

Emerging Therapeutic Options For Follicular-Derived Thyroid Cancer In The Era Of Immunotherapy, Naimah Turner, Sarah Hamidi, Rim Ouni, Rene Rico, Ying C Henderson, Maria Puche, Sayan Alekseev, Jocelynn G Colunga-Minutti, Mark E Zafereo, Stephen Y Lai, Sang T Kim, Maria E Cabanillas, Roza Nurieva

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although most follicular-derived thyroid cancers are well differentiated and have an overall excellent prognosis following treatment with surgery and radioiodine, management of advanced thyroid cancers, including iodine refractory disease and poorly differentiated/undifferentiated subtypes, is more challenging. Over the past decade, better understanding of the genetic drivers and immune milieu of advanced thyroid cancers has led to significant progress in the management of these patients. Numerous targeted kinase inhibitors are now approved by the U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced, radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Immunotherapy has also …