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Behavioral Basis Of Second Intermediate Host Specificity Among Four Species Of Haematoloechus (Digenea: Haematoloechidae), Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy Jr.

Biology Faculty Publications

Cercarial behavior patterns were examined in four species of frog lung flukes (Haematoloechus spp.). Cercariae of Haematoloechus complexus, Haematoloechus medioplexus, Haematoloechus longiplexus, and Haematoloechus varioplexus were exposed to three species of experimental arthropods and an inanimate control. The number of cercariae attached to an experimental host at 5 min postexposure was recorded. Haematoloechus longiplexus and H. complexus cercariae attached to experimental hosts at higher rates than cercariae of H. medioplexus and H. varioplexus. Cercariae of H. longiplexus attached to experimental hosts in approximately the same numbers as H. complexus, but H. longiplexus penetrated only damselfly naiads, …

Burhinotaenia Colombiana N. Sp. (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) From The Double-Striped Stone Curlew Burhinus Bistriatus (Aves, Charadriiformes) In Colombia, Boyko B. Georgiev, Éva Murai, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Burhinotaenia colombiana n. sp. (Dilepididae) is described from the small intestine of the double-striped stone curlew Burhinus bistriatus (Burhinidae) captured at Carimagua, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from the most similar Burhinotaenia delachauxi (Baer, 1925), a parasite of the Old World Burhinus spp., by the longer cirrus-sac (375-590, average 514 μm vs. 322-393, average 354 μm) and longer rostellar hooks (412-451, average 440 μm vs. 358-367, average 364 μm). The validity of the genus Burhinotaenia Spasskii and Spasskaya, 1965 and its generic diagnosis as proposed by Bona (1994) are confirmed. This is the first record of a species of …

The Effect Of The Mammalian Hormone Estrogen On The Yeast C̲A̲N̲D̲I̲D̲A̲ A̲L̲B̲I̲C̲A̲N̲S̲, Marcia Clifton Finucane

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Changes in the balance between commensal microbes and mammalian hosts can cause disease if the scales tip in favor of the microbe. Although usually caused by a defective host immune response, overgrowth of or changes in the microbe may also be responsible for opportunistic infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations have indicated that mammalian hormones, including estrogen, can influence the production of symptomatic disease and the virulence attributes of Candida albicans.

This study demonstrated enhanced growth of some strains of C. albicans when 17β-estradiol was added to the growth medium. Measurement of extracellular protein under the influence of estradiol did …

Drench Resistence : A Large Economic Cost, Brown Besier, Jill Lyon, Norm Mcquade

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Drench restistant worms can cost sheep farmers a lot of money - more than most probably think. Brown Besier, Jill Lyon and Norm McQade discuss some new research that shows the value of conducting routine drench tests to ensure effective worm control.

Role Of Immunodominant T Cell Responses To Minor Histocompatibility Antigens In A Mouse Model Of Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Marc Adam Berger, B.S. Thomas Jefferson University

Full-Text Theses & Dissertations

Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a major complication of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matched bone marrow transplantation. GVHD is the result of an immune-mediated attack, by T lymphocytes derived from donor bone marrow, against recipient tissues expressing minor histocompatibility antigen (miHA) differences. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the nature of in vivo immune responses to miHA during GVHD. C57BL/6By (B6/By) and BALB.B mouse strains both express the H-2B MHC haplotype but differ at more than 40 miHA loci. Both the in vitro and in vivo T cell responses to miHA expressed by BALB.B and CXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains of …

Re-Evaluation Of Mazamastrongylus Dagestanica (Trichostrongylidae) With Descriptions Of The Synlophe, Genital Cone, And Other Structural Characters, Eric P. Hoberg, A. V. Khrustalev

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe of specimens of Mazamastrongylus dagestanica was characterized laterally and ventrally by a strongly tapering system of ridges in the cervical zone. This pattern, including the prominent system of "hood" ridges adjacent to the excretory pore and the absence of continuous subdorsal and subventral ridges is considered typical for the genus Mazamastrongylus. The synlophe of males and females was largely identical, with 37-41 ridges at the midbody. The lateral synlophe, where 2 pairs of ridges converge and terminate on the lateralmost ridge anterior to the cervical papillae appears unique for M. dagestanica and indicates that species-specific patterns may be …

Sustainable Worm Control In Sheep, Robert Wroth

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Deciding on the best worm control program for your farm can be a complex matter, but guidelines in this article by Robert Wroth should make it simpler.

Bovine Cell Line Resistant To In Vtro Infection By Bovine Viral Darrheavirus And All Other Known Pestiviruses, Ruben O. Donis, Eduardo F. Flores

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Carmine-Propionic Acid Stain For Elucidation Of Fine Cellular Structure In Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Carmine-propionic acid staining was found to enhance the elucidation of cellular membranes in the esophagus and genital tract and the structure of sperm in strongylate nematodes. This regressive staining technique may also have general utility for differentiation of cellular membranes and nuclear structure in other taxa of parasitic helminths.

Emended Description Of Mazamastrongylus Peruvianus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) With Comments On The Relationships Of The Genera Mazamastrongylus And Spiculopteragia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Resurrection of Mazamastrongylus as proposed by Jansen (1986) was validated and placement of Mazamastrongylus peruvianus in this genus was confirmed, based on characters of the synlophe, copulatory bursa, and spicules. The cervical synlophe consists of a strongly tapering pattern and prominent "hood ridges" at the level of the excretory pore; there are 40 ridges at the midbody of males. The bursa is of the 2-2-1 type, with rays 2 and 3 parallel and rays 4 and 5 of near equal length and only slightly divergent at the tips. The spoon-shaped dorsal process of the spicules, typical of M. peruvianus and …

Field Parasitology Techniques For Use With Mammals, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obtaining parasites from mammals that are collected during surveys or bioinventories is time-consuming, and in the past such collections have rarely been made. Parasites and other symbionts are important components of the biology of the host, however, and must be sampled for a complete picture of its ecology and other aspects of its life history. For example, work on parasite diversity and biogeography of mammals in Bolivia (Gardner and Duszynski 1990; Gardner 1991: Gardner et al. 1991; Gardner and Campbell 1992a, 1992b) could not have been accomplished without proper collections of the parasite and symbiont fauna of the hosts.

Many …

Técnicas De Parasitología De Practicas De Campo Para El Uso Durante La Investigación De Mamíferos, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph of the introduction:

La obtención de parásitos de mamíferos que son colectados durante las investigaciones o bio-inventarios toma mucho tiempo; y en el pasado, estas colectas ráramente se realizaban. De cualquier forma, los parásitos y otros simbiotas forman un componente importante de las características biologicas y ecologicas de los hospederos y deben ser muestreados. Por ejemplo, trabajos recientes en la diversidad parasitaria y la biogeografía en mamíferos de Bolivia por Gardner y Duszynski (1990), Gardner (1991), y Gardner y Campbell (1992 a,b) no hubiera popdido realizarse sin el trabajo de colección apropiado de la fauna parasitaria/simbiótica de los …

Faunal Diversity Among Avian Parasite Assemblages: The Interaction Of History, Ecology, And Biogeography In Marine Systems, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Systematics and parasite biodiversity provide power and predictability in broad studies of history, ecology and biogeography in marine systems. Parasitic helminths are elegant markers of contemporary and historical ecological relationships, geographic distribution and host-phylogeny. Complex life cycles of helminths are strongly correlated with intricate food-webs. Dependence on a series of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts indicates that each parasite species represents an array of organisms within a community and tracks broadly and predictably across many trophic levels. Host and geographic ranges of parasites are historically constrained by genealogical and ecological associations, and these determinents interact resulting in characteristic parasite community …

Microevolutionary Patterns And Molecular Markers: The Genetics Of Geographic Variation In Ascaris Suum, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Molecular markers have been used only rarely to characterize the population genetic structure of nematodes. Published studies have suggested that different taxa may show distinct genetic architectures. Isoenzyme and RAPD markers have been used to investigate geographic variation of Ascaris suum at the level of infrapopulations (nematodes within individual hosts), within localities, and among geographic regions. Independent estimates of genetic differentiation among population samples based on isoenzyme and RAPD data showed similar patterns and substantial correlation. Heterozygote deficiencies within infrapopulations and large values for inbreeding coefficients among infrapopulations suggested that the composition of these populations was not consistent with a …

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

The Synlophe And Other Structural Characteristics Of Sarwaria Bubalis (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From Cattle In Guyana, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Eric P. Hoberg, Patricia A. Pilitt, T. M. Craig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe (longitudinal, surface cuticular ridges) of Sarwaria bubalis is described for the first time. It is a tapering lateral synlophe of about 40 ridges. The synlophe of S. bubalis is similar to that of Ostertagia ostertagi but markedly different from that of species of Spiculopteragia and Mazamastrongylus. New information is provided also on the structure of the esophagus and perivulval pores. The esophageal valve is more than twice as long as wide. The bilateral perivulval pores were located 192-267 μm posterior to the vulva and dorsal to the lateral lines. The new information will be useful in a …

Nematode Diversity Of Native Species Of Vitis In California, Luma Al-Banna, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From 1990 through 1992, nematodes were extracted from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere of native species of grapes from four areas of northern California and two areas of southern California. For comparison, samples from domestic grapes as well as a putative hybrid of Vitis californicaand V. vinifera were also taken. Rhizosoil from California native grapevine contained many more species of nematodes than did soil obtained from cultivated forms of V. vinifera. Taxonomic and trophic diversity was much higher in nematodes from sampling sites from native grapes than in those from grapes maintained in vineyard situations. Ordination methods …

Body Size Evolution Of Oxyurid (Nematoda) Parasites: The Role Of Hosts, Serge Morand, Pierre Legendre, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jean-Pierre Hugot

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Studying the diversification of body size in a taxon of parasites allows comparison of patterns of variation observed in the parasites with patterns found in free-living organisms. The distributions of body size of oxyurid nematodes (obligate parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates) are lognormally right-skewed, except for male oxyurids in invertebrates which show left-skewed distributions. In these parasitic forms, speciose genera do not have the smallest body sizes. Parasite body size is positively correlated with host body size, the largest hosts possessing the largest parasites. This trend is shown to occur within one monophyletic group of oxyurids, those of Old World …

Identification Of Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) From California With A New Species Isolated From The Larvae Of The Ghost Moth Hepialis Californicus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) From The Bodega Bay Natural Reserve, S. Patricia Stock, Donald R. Strong, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Classical taxonomy together with cross-breeding tests and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD's) were used to detect morphological and genetic variation between populations of Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1975 from California. A new species, Heterarhabditis hepialius sp. n., recovered from ghost moth caterpillars (Hepialis califamicus) in Bodega Bay, California, USA is herein described and illustrated. This is the eighth species in the genus Heterarhabditis and is characterized by the morphology of the spicules, gubernaculum, the female's tail, and ratios E and F of the infective juveniles. Information on its bionomics is provided.

French title: Identification d'Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) de Californie …

Gonadal Maturation In The Cobia Rachycentron Canadum From The Northcentral Gulf Of Mexico, Jeffrey M. Lotz, Robin M. Overstreet, James S, Franks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Gonadal maturation of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was evaluated by examining 508 specimens from its recreational fishery. Specimens were collected off southeast Louisiana to northwest Florida by hook-and-line during February through October 1987-1991. Fork lengths (FL) of these fish ranged from 580-1,530 mm, with corresponding weights of 2.0-43.5 kg. The female:male ratio was 1:0.37. Using a combination of oocyte size frequency and histological assessment of many of the fish, we determined that females were ripe from May through September, with atretic oocytes occurring in some fish from July through October. Degenerating hydrated oocytes in July and October and the presence …

Relationship Between Bp (Baculovirus Penaei) Energy Reserves In Larval And Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei, Kenneth C. Stuck, Lidia M. Stuck, Robin M. Overstreet, Shiao Y. Wang

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The relationship between energy reserves of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei and Baculovirus penaei, or BP, were investigated in a series of experiments using mysis stage or early postlarval shrimp. Pre-exposure and post-exposure levels of protein and triacylgycerol (TAG) were determined. The effect of pre-exposure protein and TAG levels on susceptibility to BP infections was also investigated by starving a group of shrimp immediately prior to BP exposure. There was no consistent relationship between either pre-exposure or post-exposure protein levels and the percent of shrimp developing patent BP infections. There was, however, a significant positive correlation between TAG levels …

Review Of: Species Diagnostics Protocols: Pcr And Other Nucleic Acid Methods, Edited By J. P. Clapp, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A wide variety of approaches employing nucleic acids are included in this volume, and most of the protocols take advantage of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify sufficient quantities of DNA for comparison. One chapter (N. Springer et al.) that parasitologists should take special note of concerns the use of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for the identification of protozoan endosymbionts. Selective hybridization of specifically designed oligonucleotide probes is a method that holds great promise for identification of microscopic organisms. In general, the experimental protocols are sufficiently detailed and organized to be used right at the laboratory bench. Most chapters …

Flea News 51 (December 1995), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Obituaries:George MacKenzie Dunnet (April 19, 1928-September 11, 1995); William Livingston Jellison (January 28, 1906-November 7, 1995)

Miscellanea

Siphonaptera literatue

Five New Species Of Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Stingrays From The Gulf Of Nicoya, Costa Rica, Fernando Marques, Daniel R. Brooks, William Scott Monks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Five new species of Acanthobothrium are described in stingrays from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Acanthobothrium costarricense n. sp. in Dasyatis longus, most similar to Acanthobothrium lilium, Acanthobothrium lineatum, and Acanthobothrium himanturi, has bothridial hooks averaging 125 μm (lateral) and 145 μm (medial) long, an average of 47 testes per proglottis, cirrus sacs averaging 187 μm long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with poral lobes reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and aporal lobes reaching the middle of the cirrus sac. Acanthobothrium cimari n. sp. in D. longus, most similar to A. lilium …

Systematics, Ecology, And Behavior: Integrating Phylogenetic Patterns And Evolutionary Mechanisms, Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan, James M. Carpenter, Stephen G. Weller, Jonathan A. Coddington

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Explores the use of systematic biology techniques to explain human social systems.

Obituary: Francis Hollis Fay, 1927-1994, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An obituary of mammalogist Francis Hollis Fay, 1927-1994.

Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994 (Insecta: Diptera) And Serendipidae Brooks And Barriga, 1995 (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda): Proposed Removal Of Homonymy, Daniel R. Brooks, Neal L. Evenhuis

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Homonymy between names in the family group may result from similarity, but not identity of the names of their type genera. Such a case involves Serendipa Evenhuis, 1994 and Serendip Brooks and Barriga, 1995. Evenhuis (1994) proposed Serendipa to replace Paratendipes Hong and Wang, 1990 and the Paratendipedidae Hong and Wang, 1990, which had been proposed for P. laiyangensis, a fossil dipteran from Upper Jurassic deposits in China. Evenhuis (1994) reported that Paratendipes Hong and Wang, 1990 was preoccupied by Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911, necessitating the change. Consequently, Paratendipedidae Hong and Wang, 1990 became Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994.

Proteocephalus Chamelensis N. Sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) From The "Guavina" Gobiomorus Maculatus (Osteichthyes: Eleotrididae) In Chamela Bay, Jalisco, México, Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks, Reva Berman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Proteocephalus inhabiting the eleotridid estuarine fish Gobiomorus maculatus is described from Chamela Bay, Jalisco State, Mexico. The new species and P. pugetensis are nearly identical in strobila length, presence of a vestigial apical organ, having vaginae only anterior to the cirrus sac, an average of 4-7 uterine diverticula per proglottis, and a ratio of cirrus sac length to proglottis width averaging approximately 1:4. Proteocephalus pugetensis differs from the new species by having an average of 35 rather than 68 testes per proglottis, vitelline follicles terminating posteriorly at the level of the anterior margin of the ovary …

The Enterobiinae Subfam. Nov. (Nematoda, Oxyurida) Pinworm Parasites Of Primates And Rodents, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Scott Lyell Gardner, Serge Morand

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Hugot J. P., Gardner S. L. & Morand S. 1996. The Enterobiinae subfam. nov. (Nematoda, Oxyurida) pinworm parasites of primates and rodents. International Journal for Parasitology26: 147-159. Recent redescriptions of most members of the Oxyuridae Cobbold, 1864 parasitic in primates revealed that they share following derived characters: sexual dimorphism of lateral alae (single-crested in the males, doublecrested in the females); in males a second pair of genital papillae always surrounded by strongly cuticularized rings; in females, uterine tube divided into 2 parts by a cellular wall forming a diaphragm. These characters are interpreted as synapomorphies, providing evidence that these …

Ph And Calcium Dependence Of Hemolysis Due To Rickettsia Prowazekii: Comparison With Phospholipase Activity, David M. Ojcius, M. Thibon, C. Mounier, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Rickettsia prowazekii invades nucleated cells through phagocytosis and subsequently proliferates in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Hemolysis and a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity at neutral pHs have previously been reported; even though the phagosomal environment is most likely acidic. We here show that R. prowazekii and R. typhi also lyse erythrocytes at mildly acidic pHs, compatible with an early phagosomal compartment. For R. prowazekii, hemolysis at an acidic pH but not a neutral pH is enhanced by Ca2+, raising the possibility that more than one membranolytic factor may be produced by the rickettsiae. The rickettsiae alone display PLA2 activity, …