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Angst Uber Alles: The Role Of Fear In Nazi German Governance, Jacob R. Mahlkuch Feb 2024

Angst Uber Alles: The Role Of Fear In Nazi German Governance, Jacob R. Mahlkuch

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

Lasting from 1933 to 1945, the Third Reich governed not only Germany but vast sections of continental Europe. One of its principal tools in administering its “1,000-year Reich,” was the application of terror and fear to create a climate of paranoia, and obedience to the Nazi Party. To do this, the Party did everything that it could to take over national life and discourse, other its enemies, and maintain fear through an arbitrary and often changing system of enforcement. This essay utilizes a mix of sources from first person accounts to historical fiction to analyze the systems and applications of …


Puros Técnicos And Luchadores Rudos: Debating The New Cultural History Among Latin Americanists, Carl Friesenhahn Feb 2024

Puros Técnicos And Luchadores Rudos: Debating The New Cultural History Among Latin Americanists, Carl Friesenhahn

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This essay dives into the debate and surrounding context of a special issue of the Hispanic American Historical Review. It was on the new cultural history—its usefulness, its methods, and its relation to truth. I argue that the new cultural historians eventually vanquished their critics and internalized their methods and epistemology within historians of Latin America at large. Stemming from earlier texts, the special issue of the HAHR is the most revealing collection of texts on the philosophical foundations of the new cultural history. It showcases scholarly activity from supporters and detractors of the novel movement with considerable focus on …


Vietnam War Through The Lens, Caitlyn Mccranie, Abby Noonan, Sutton Patterson Feb 2024

Vietnam War Through The Lens, Caitlyn Mccranie, Abby Noonan, Sutton Patterson

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

No abstract provided.


Review Of Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt And The Roots Of The Middle East Conflict, Chase Busby Feb 2024

Review Of Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt And The Roots Of The Middle East Conflict, Chase Busby

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

No abstract provided.


Racial-Sexual Normativity In/As Narratives Of “The Human”, Jeri Brand Feb 2024

Racial-Sexual Normativity In/As Narratives Of “The Human”, Jeri Brand

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis synthesizes Sylvia Wynter’s and Judith Butler’s models of identity-formation to analyze discourses of racialization and sex/gender difference in normative scientific theories of “the human.” I argue that eugenicist white supremacism and sex/gender normativity form a single conceptual framework – what I call “the racial-sexual matrix” – throughout these scientific narratives. I then trace an epistemological consistency across 18th- through 21st-century scientific literature as evidence for the ongoing legacies of coloniality, white supremacy, and eugenics in current hegemonic sex/gender ontologies. Finally, I contend that the racial-sexual matrix functions as an index of proper humanness not …


Visualizing Ancient Empire In Tudor England: Imperial Monarchy, Reformation, And The Antique Soldier In The Title Page To Richard Grafton’S Large Chronicle (1569), Peter Nicholas Otis Feb 2024

Visualizing Ancient Empire In Tudor England: Imperial Monarchy, Reformation, And The Antique Soldier In The Title Page To Richard Grafton’S Large Chronicle (1569), Peter Nicholas Otis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis analyzes the iconography and visual sources of the title page to the first volume of A chronicle at large and meere history of the affayres of Englande (1569) by the Tudor author Richard Grafton. Representing the visual synthesis of several distinct but interrelated currents that developed in the preceding century, the title page to the Large Chronicle offers a rare glimpse into a transitional moment in the middle Tudor perception and visual representation of the British past. These currents include imperializing royal iconography, with origins in antecedent representations in the late fifteenth century; the entry of the ‘classicizing’ …


Containerization Of Seafarers In The International Shipping Industry: Contemporary Seamanship, Maritime Social Infrastructures, And Mobility Politics Of Global Logistics, Liang Wu Feb 2024

Containerization Of Seafarers In The International Shipping Industry: Contemporary Seamanship, Maritime Social Infrastructures, And Mobility Politics Of Global Logistics, Liang Wu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation discusses the mobility politics of container shipping and argues that technological development, political-economic order, and social infrastructure co-produce one another. Containerization, the use of standardized containers to carry cargo across modes of transportation that is said to have revolutionized and globalized international trade since the late 1950s, has served to expand and extend the power of international coalitions of states and corporations to control the movements of commodities (shipments) and labor (seafarers). The advent and development of containerization was driven by a sociotechnical imaginary and international social contract of seamless shipping and cargo flows. In practice, this liberal, …


Review: Indigenous Borderlands: Native Agency, Resilience, And Power In The Americas, Edited By Joaquín Rivaya-Martínez, Thomas A. Britten Feb 2024

Review: Indigenous Borderlands: Native Agency, Resilience, And Power In The Americas, Edited By Joaquín Rivaya-Martínez, Thomas A. Britten

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Mathematicians Going East, Pasha Zusmanovich Jan 2024

Mathematicians Going East, Pasha Zusmanovich

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

I survey emigration of mathematicians from Europe, before and during WWII, to Russia. The emigration started at the end of 1920s, the time of “Great Break”, and accelerated in 1930s, after the introduction in Germany of the “non-Aryan laws”. Not everyone who wanted to emigrate managed to do so, and most of those who did spent a relatively short time in Russia, being murdered or deported, or fleeing the Russian regime. After 1937, the year of “Great Purge”, only a handful of emigrant mathematicians remained, and even fewer managed to leave a trace in the scientific milieu of their new …


How Technology Is Helping Holocaust Deniers Rewrite History, Michael Raffelson Jan 2024

How Technology Is Helping Holocaust Deniers Rewrite History, Michael Raffelson

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In the age of social media, it is easier to connect to people with like-minded views. Well, my poster offers an explanation for how prevalent holocaust deniers are on social media and what exactly companies are doing about it.


Preserving Sacred Memory: The Effort To Create The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Jessica Wachtel Jan 2024

Preserving Sacred Memory: The Effort To Create The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Jessica Wachtel

Undergraduate Research Symposium

This poster attempts to provide insight on how the American government remembers the Holocaust through its formation of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Topics include the physical structure of the museum, the history of the museum, and the relationship between original museum chairman Elie Wiesel and U.S. presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.


Holocaust Denial: The Conspiracy Of Ignorance, Morgan Nelson Jan 2024

Holocaust Denial: The Conspiracy Of Ignorance, Morgan Nelson

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Holocaust denial means denying that the intentional mass extermination of Jews by the Nazi Regime during WWII happened. It is essential to know about these deniers and to refute their claims to stop the spread of misinformation. Topics investigated were what Holocaust denial is, why deniers support it, who are Holocaust deniers, an example being David Irving, the major claims of deniers, and how historians refute those claims. Those answers were found from multiple sources, including Denying the Holocaust by Deborah Lipstadt and Hitler's War by David Irving. The major findings were there are many denier claims. Three major ones …


The Roaring Lion Of Berlin: The Life, Thought, And Influence Of Eugen Dühring, Arden Roy Jan 2024

The Roaring Lion Of Berlin: The Life, Thought, And Influence Of Eugen Dühring, Arden Roy

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The life and influence of 19th-century German polymath Eugen Dühring remain but a mere footnote in the history of ideas, being primarily relegated to the status of little more than a theoretical rival to Marxism in the German socialist movement and the occasional object of Freidrich Nietzsche's rhetorical flogging. Despite the current consensus on the subject, Eugen Dühring was a scholar of vast, remarkable learnedness, contributing greatly to philosophy, economics, and the natural sciences. The aim of this talk will be to clear the fog surrounding the life and work of the controversial blind scholar and give an account of …


Erwin Rommel: Noble Knight Of Germany Or Nazi Knave?, Jake Schultz Jan 2024

Erwin Rommel: Noble Knight Of Germany Or Nazi Knave?, Jake Schultz

Undergraduate Research Symposium

This poster seeks to explore the historical memory of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and his legacy today in commemoration in modern Germany.


Magneto’S Origin In The Holocaust And How It Influences His Character Today, Rena Usprich Jan 2024

Magneto’S Origin In The Holocaust And How It Influences His Character Today, Rena Usprich

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Marvel's Magneto was created in 1963, originally with no connection to the Holocaust. However that changed in the late 1970's when his origin was reworked to make him a Jewish Holocaust survivor. That origin persists to this day and is explored in modern media produced by Marvel, both film and comic-wise.


"I Hate Illinois Nazis:" Remembering Hate Speech And The First Amendment In Skokie, Illinois, Morgan Myers Jan 2024

"I Hate Illinois Nazis:" Remembering Hate Speech And The First Amendment In Skokie, Illinois, Morgan Myers

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In 1976, the leader of the Illinois chapter of the National Socialist Party of America (neo-Nazis) sent over 30 requests to hold demonstrations in various areas of Chicago. The village of Skokie was the only one to respond, denying their request. The Nazis sued the city, claiming their freedom of speech was being impeded. The resulting court case has had lasting legal and social consequences that continue to define the meaning of both free speech and hate speech in the United States.


"Killin' Nazis": How Jews Are Portrayed In Tarantino's Inglorious Basterds, Skylar Baxter Jan 2024

"Killin' Nazis": How Jews Are Portrayed In Tarantino's Inglorious Basterds, Skylar Baxter

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In Quentin Tarantino's Inglorious Basterds, Jews are portrayed as violent, revenge-seeking Nazi hunters. This portrayal creates an ironic conflict within Tarantino's audience because Jews are seen as capable of the same atrocities of which they were victims. Under Hannah Arendt's definition of Nazis, the actions of the Jews in Inglorious Basterds are not equivalent to the crimes that Nazis committed. Jewish revenge fantasies are thereby not the same as the actual violence that Jews received from Nazis.


Unraveling The Truth: The Wannsee Conference And Holocaust Denial, Howie Parkes Jan 2024

Unraveling The Truth: The Wannsee Conference And Holocaust Denial, Howie Parkes

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The Wannsee Conference, held in January 1942, marked a crucial turning point in the Holocaust, as it signified the Nazi regime's decision to systematically exterminate Europe's Jewish population on an industrial scale. This poster presentation examines the role of the Wannsee Conference in Holocaust denial narratives and the portrayal of the conference in the critically acclaimed film, Conspiracy (2001). I discuss how Holocaust deniers use the Wannsee Conference to argue against the existence of a plan to exterminate Jews or to suggest that the conference never took place. Through an analysis of the conference transcript, I demonstrate its significance in …


Conceptualizing Nazism In America Through Alternative History Media, Matthew Fear Jan 2024

Conceptualizing Nazism In America Through Alternative History Media, Matthew Fear

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Even before the United States' entry into World War II, there has been a unique fascination regarding the prospect of the triumph of Nazism over the collective Allied powers. While every work exists as a product of its time, all share common themes and examine historical facts with an allohistorical lens to imagine a world wherein Hitler and the German Reich were successful in their schemes of world domination and the Final Solution. Despite plenty of historical narratives available for review and analysis, the idea of Nazism surviving beyond the confines of a doomed Germany has remained the most explored, …


The 1904 World’S Fair: Intended Impact Of The U.S. Government Building Versus Visitor Experience, Dalton King Jan 2024

The 1904 World’S Fair: Intended Impact Of The U.S. Government Building Versus Visitor Experience, Dalton King

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The 1904 Saint Louis World’s Fair, known as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, has long been known for its significant impact on America and the world. This research explores the intended purpose of the 1904 World’s Fair’s United States Government Building and its exhibits of the War and Navy Departments. Furthermore, this analysis investigates the visitor experience of the Government Building’s characteristics and exhibits. During the Progressive Era, American society was undergoing a significant paradigm shift through countless evolutions in industry, technology, and culture, and this research contextualizes historical study of the time. Though the recent body of literature revolves around …


The Failed 1971-1973 Redevelopment Of Pruitt-Igoe, Rachael Heriford Jan 2024

The Failed 1971-1973 Redevelopment Of Pruitt-Igoe, Rachael Heriford

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Majority of public housing in the United States is a failure of cyclical nature. Historians have examined the collapse of public housing either at a local level via the examination of a specific housing project or through a federal level by researching HOPE VI, the current federal housing policy since the 1990s that encourages demolishing and privatization of public housing. Up until the 1990s, demolition wasn't as common as it is today, and became more normalized after the demolition of Pruitt-Igoe in 1973. Pruitt-Igoe is one of the more notable examples of how badly public housing can fail. However, the …


Recognition Promotes Sodomy: Gay Lib Vs. The University Of Missouri, Micah Hillier Jan 2024

Recognition Promotes Sodomy: Gay Lib Vs. The University Of Missouri, Micah Hillier

Undergraduate Research Symposium

In the spring of 1971 Larry Eggleston, president and founder of the Gay Lib student organization at the University of Missouri, submitted the proper documentation for formal recognition of his club. The dean, and subsequently the executives of the University of Missouri, denied the club’s petition. What followed was a contentious game of chess between the university and its gay student population, the outcome of which would span seven years and litigation that rose all the way to the supreme court. What motivated the University of Missouri’s decision to ban gay student organizations in the 1970s? The answers can be …


Gangsterism, The Urban Ruling Elite, And The Guomindang: Power Sharing During The Early Years Of The Chinese Republic, 1927-1937, Evan Boyle Jan 2024

Gangsterism, The Urban Ruling Elite, And The Guomindang: Power Sharing During The Early Years Of The Chinese Republic, 1927-1937, Evan Boyle

Undergraduate Research Symposium

China’s Republican era, prior to the Japanese occupation and while under the authority of Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang (c. 1927-1937), has in many respects been underexplored by historians. The Shanghai Massacre, Chiang’s subsequent military campaigns against the Communists, the factious divisions within the Guomindang, and the ongoing Japanese campaign to annex parts of the Chinese mainland are often highlighted. In my presentation, rather than focusing on the various foes of the Guomindang, I plan to focus on the political alliances Chiang forged. In particular I will explore his ties to, and alliances with Organized Crime (specifically Du Yuesheng and …


Against Conflict, Against Occupation: Protest Songs In India And Kashmir, Mridula Sharma Jan 2024

Against Conflict, Against Occupation: Protest Songs In India And Kashmir, Mridula Sharma

Comparative Woman

The establishment of All India Progressive Writers’ Association in colonial India encouraged artists to articulate and examine social realities. Literary-cultural productions, particularly popular songs in Hindi films, in independent India continued to remain preoccupied with social conflicts such as religious bigotry and communalism. Sahir Ludhianvi’s “Yeh Duniya Agar Mil Bhi Jaye” (trans. “What can one gain, even if one gains this world?,” 1958 ) and “Yeh Kiska Lahu Hai, Kaun Mara” (trans. “Whose Blood Has Spilled? Who Died?,” 1961) are early examples of a lasting tide of pessimism owing to communal violence during the 1947 India-Pakistan …


Fatma's Promise, Husna Abubakar, Simone Khanyi Hadebe, Clarissa Guzman Jan 2024

Fatma's Promise, Husna Abubakar, Simone Khanyi Hadebe, Clarissa Guzman

Group Presentations

No abstract provided.


Skeleton Man, Billie Wynn, Sagian Shaw, Taira Schurman Jan 2024

Skeleton Man, Billie Wynn, Sagian Shaw, Taira Schurman

Group Presentations

No abstract provided.


Wendigo, Raul Falcon, Zoe Gilmore Jan 2024

Wendigo, Raul Falcon, Zoe Gilmore

Group Presentations

No abstract provided.


Simone's Reflections, Simone Khanyi Hadebe, Melisa Achoko Allela, Movement Lab Jan 2024

Simone's Reflections, Simone Khanyi Hadebe, Melisa Achoko Allela, Movement Lab

Student Reflections

No abstract provided.


Billie's Reflections, Billie Wynn, Melisa Achoko Allela, Movement Lab Jan 2024

Billie's Reflections, Billie Wynn, Melisa Achoko Allela, Movement Lab

Student Reflections

No abstract provided.


Taira's Reflections, Taira Schurman, Melisa Achoko Allela, Movement Lab Jan 2024

Taira's Reflections, Taira Schurman, Melisa Achoko Allela, Movement Lab

Student Reflections

No abstract provided.