Digital Commons Network^™

Booker And The Bible: An Examination Of The Religious Rhetoric Of Booker T. Washington In Select Speeches And Writings And Its Impact On Audiences And Followers, Redunda L. Noble

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study is an ideological analysis of the religious rhetoric of Booker T. Washington and its impact on his audiences and followers. Washington became one of the most powerful Black men of the Progressive Era as leader of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama. He supported industrial education for Blacks, but rejected the political protest model demanding civil rights. He developed an educational program advocating individual agency to foster economic and spiritual improvement for Blacks. His advocacy grew out of his impoverished childhood slave experience and struggle to gain education after Emancipation in the Reconstruction South. Washington’s religious rhetoric …

Houston Nationalism: The Life And Politics Of United States Senator Sam Houston, Jeremy Ager Pedigo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Sam Houston had a long and distinguished career in public service, gaining the most notoriety as General of the Texas Army and President of the Republic of Texas. However, he served in the United States Senate longer than any other position he held. This dissertation examines the impact of his life events and political ideology on the decisions and actions he undertook as a Senator, culminating in the proposal of a new ideology called “Houston Nationalism.” This belief system was based on three principles; nationalism, engagement, and recognition, which are defined throughout the study. Nationalism represents Houston’s support for the …

Resilience And Empowerment: The Impact Of Gullah And Maroon Cultural Preservation On Pan-Africanism And Civil Rights Movements, Shantae' L. Streeter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation investigates the history of the cultural resilience and advocacy of the Gullah people of South Carolina and the Maroons of Jamaica, with a particular emphasis on their function as role models for the empowerment of descendants of the formerly enslaved (DOFE). This investigation examines how enslaved communities preserved cultural identity, resisted systemic injustice and influenced Pan-Africanism and Civil Rights movements in the 20th and 21st centuries. This research emphasizes the experiences of the Gullah people who maintained cultural identity through acculturation, and the enslaved populations from South Carolina’s interior regions and other Southern states, who faced assimilation. Additionally, …

Beast From The East: The Mongol Invasions Of Europe 1221-1223 & 1236-1242, Cam Rea

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The Mongol invasions of Europe between 1221-1223 and 1236-1242 represent one of history's most significant military campaigns, reshaping the fabric of society throughout Eastern and Central Europe. This dissertation reevaluates these invasions by analyzing why the Mongols invaded, why they were so dominant, and why they left through the examination of the Mongols' strategic, operational, and logistical capabilities alongside their military doctrine and adaptability. It examines key campaigns, including the pursuit of Shah Muhammad II, the conquest of the Rus' principalities, and the decisive battles in Poland and Hungary. Through an extensive review of primary sources, such as the Nikonian …

Mrs. Annie Pearl Jackson

African American Funeral Programs

Mrs_Annie_Pearl_Jackson.pdf - Funeral program for Annie Jackson

William Perkins And His Polemical Relationship With The Roman Catholic Church, Scott Osattin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation covers the polemical relationship that William Perkins had with the Roman Catholic Church. It includes showing how Perkins used his writings and scripture to defend the biblical practices of the Church of England and the Puritans when it came to the practices covered in the dissertation. It provides the reader with the necessary background to understand the life, works, and ministry of William Perkins. There is a treatment of the historiography of the works produced on William Perkins and critical works pertaining to the Puritan Movement. Perkins wrote using polemical language to warn the members of the Church …

From Riches To Rags : Deindustrialization And The Fall And Rise Of The Upstate Mill Towns Of South Carolina, Brian Patrick Worrill

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The collapse and subsequent deindustrialization of the textile industry in the late 20th century devastated dozens of small communities across the Piedmont. With the loss of their primary economic engine these towns struggled with the outmigration of professional services and small businesses, crippling poverty, high unemployment, and rampant crime. As South Carolina’s economic model evolved to adapt to the globalized economy of the 21st century its government funded reindustrialization efforts have focused on its already well developed urban core, a strategy that often neglects rural areas. Yet, despite having been overlooked the majority of these orphaned mill towns did not …

Educational Leadership And Advocacy For Change: A Historical Examination Of Georgia State Superintendents’ Reporting And Public Education Reform (1933–1977), Benjamin Isaac Casado

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation examines the role of Georgia’s State Superintendents of Schools in shaping public education from 1933 to 1977, a period marked by profound social, economic, and political change. Focusing on the tenures of Dr. Mauney Douglass Collins, Dr. Claude Lamar Purcell, and Dr. Jack P. Nix, it explores how these leaders utilized the Georgia Department of Education reports to the General Assembly to advocate for legislative reforms and address the evolving educational challenges of their respective eras.

Through a detailed analysis of these reports, this study uncovers the superintendents’ strategies, priorities, and policy recommendations, shedding light on their leadership …

How Discriminatory Housing Policies Segregated Kalamazoo, Jacob Walsh

Honors Theses

This thesis investigates the historical and contemporary legacy of racially discriminatory housing policies in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Using primary documents, census data, and secondary literature, it examines how government-sanctioned practices like redlining, racially restrictive covenants, urban renewal projects, and exclusionary zoning contributed to the segregation of Kalamazoo’s Black residents. Contrary to the narrative that residential segregation in northern cities was merely “de facto”, the thesis emphasizes the deliberate nature of these policies, carried out by federal, state, and local institutions in collaboration with real estate and banking industries.

The research focuses on the lasting economic impacts of redlining, especially in neighborhoods …

Using Trade Books To Thematically Teach Civil Rights Issues, Alyssa Whitford, Timothy Lintner, Caroline Sheffield

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

This semester-long project examined the use of social studies trade books to thematically teach the civic contributions of three individuals who served as change agents in the United States during the late 19^th and early 20^th century. Two were African American men, Robert Smalls and Frederick Douglass, who took civic action to address racial discrimination faced by the Black community following the U.S. Civil War. The other was Ida B. Wells who challenged social inequities and injustices within her community. Throughout this project, sixth-grade students read selected trade books, examined primary sources, completed graphic organizers, and crafted writing …

History’S Unsung Hero: Examining Oscar Dunn And African American History Through A Graphical Novel, Nefertari Yancie

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

Social studies curriculum is at the center of heated debates in U. S. politics. Conservative politicians seek to limit what student are taught about the experiences of people of color who have been oppressed or subjected to racist policies and treatment throughout American history. Whitewashing history denies students the chance to examine history in its fullness as they are unable to analyze the voices and experiences of all people whose stories have contributed to the American story. In this article, the author explores how graphic novels may be used to teach African American history. Specifically, the author discusses how activities …

Artifact Investigation As An Access Point To Doing Social Studies, Jacquelyn R. Benchik-Osborne, Susan Mcdonough

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

Social studies methods coursework at two Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) emphasizes providing access to rigorous social science education for all. Teacher candidates (TCs) learn to design equitable opportunities for students in the elementary and middle level classrooms to engage in inquiry–to do social studies. One tool social scientists use to “do” their work is artifact investigation. Artifacts, such as historical photographs and primary sources, help students connect with cultural and historical contexts. Using digital artifacts from the Library of Congress (LOC), TCs create opportunities for students to explore social dynamics, identity formation, power structures, and community development through cultural realia. …

The Grizzly, April 17, 2025, Kate Horan, Grace Olivo, Claudia Tracy, Renee Washart, Ashley Adam, Nathaniel Nerone, Emily Veasey, Jesse Cherone, Erin Ewing

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Denim Day: UC Peer Advocates • Myrin Makeover • Out of the Darkness Campus Walk • Sisters Helping Sisters • Fun Home Comes to Lenfest Theatre Stage • Party Culture: A Dying Breed? • Bears' Softball Looks to End Season on a High Note • Women's Lacrosse Confident Amidst Playoff Push

From Oral Traditions To Digital Screens: The Evolution Of Folklore In The Modern Age, Echo Padgett

Student Scholar Symposium

This research explores how folklore and oral traditions adapt within digital spaces, focusing on Native American Skinwalker narratives and Biblical parables. By exploring these stories’ transformation on modern platforms, we are able to see the impact of digital media on traditional storytelling. In Navajo mythology, Skinwalkers are individuals, typically male, who practice the Witchery Way, gaining the ability to transform into animals to cause harm and disrupt the natural order. However, modern media often portrays them as monstrous, alien-like creatures, stripping away their cultural significance. The rise of sensationalized narratives, such as those surrounding Skinwalker Ranch, further these misconceptions, linking …

The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, And The Burden Of Power, Thomas F. Lynch Iii

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses Robert D. Kaplan’s The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, and the Burden of Power, a reflection on leadership, war, history, and the consequences of using military force. Drawing on Kaplan’s experiences reporting from conflict zones and his engagement with classical and modern thinkers, the review highlights the book’s central argument that political and military leaders must approach the use of force with humility, prudence, and an awareness of unintended consequences. Kaplan presents the “tragic mind” as a way of thinking that recognizes the tension between order and tyranny, the limits of human control, and the danger …

War In Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, And The Return Of A Fractured World; The War For Ukraine: Strategy And Adaptation Under Fire; A Call To Action: Lessons From Ukraine For The Future Force, Frank Hoffman

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review considers three recent works on the war in Ukraine: War in Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, and the Return of a Fractured World, edited by Hal Brands; The War for Ukraine: Strategy and Adaptation Under Fire by Mick Ryan; and A Call to Action: Lessons from Ukraine for the Future Force, edited by John A. Nagl and Katie Crombe. The reviewer argues that the three books provide complementary perspectives on the conflict at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels while highlighting the difficulty of drawing firm lessons from an ongoing war. The review discusses strategic decisionmaking and …

Winning Without Fighting: Irregular Warfare And Strategic Competition In The 21st Century, Joseph J. Collins

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses Winning Without Fighting: Irregular Warfare and Strategic Competition in the 21st Century by Rebecca Patterson and coauthors. The book presents irregular warfare as a broad form of strategic competition that relies on military, economic, informational, diplomatic, and resilience-based tools to advance national objectives short of conventional war. The review highlights the authors’ comparison of U.S. strategic culture with the more integrated approaches to competition employed by authoritarian states, particularly China and Russia, and their use of Cold War political warfare as a historical reference point. It also discusses the book’s treatment of economic statecraft, information activities, …

Movement And Maneuver At Leyte, October 1944, Michael M. Trimble, Douglas W. Burkman, Michael L. Simmons

Joint Force Quarterly

This article uses Operation King II, the October 1944 campaign to seize Leyte and begin the liberation of the Philippines, as a case study in joint movement and maneuver. The authors argue that the operation offers enduring lessons for today’s joint force, particularly in multidomain operations conducted in a maritime theater. They trace the strategic context, planning, command relationships, and execution of the Leyte operation, including the convergence of U.S. land, sea, and air forces and the challenges created by divided command arrangements. The article highlights the importance of integrated planning, clear communication between supported and supporting commanders, timely intelligence, …

Both Joint And Not: Medical Support At Okinawa, 1945, Sanders Marble

Joint Force Quarterly

In 1945, the U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps invaded Okinawa. Heavy casualties were projected, and medical planning was thorough and multi-layered. Medical support was as joint as anything the period could offer, although quite different from today. In a dispersed, low-bandwidth environment, planners did not try to increase "jointness" but had services work in parallel and opted to reduce overlap.

This article looks at the medical planning and how medical support unfolded. Medical care was good, as good as possible in the period. Medical and surgical patients received plenty of care, but psychological patients could receive less care, although …

Toward A 21st-Century Medical Offset Strategy, George A. Barbee, Benjamin J. Ingram

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the joint force needs a medical offset strategy designed for large-scale combat operations and contested multidomain environments, where casualty volumes, evacuation constraints, dispersed operations, and attacks on medical support may overwhelm approaches that proved effective during the post-9/11 wars. The authors propose three complementary medical offset strategies: far-forward intervention, technology and innovation, and allies and partners. Far-forward intervention emphasizes early treatment, hemorrhage control, blood administration, austere care, and flexible casualty evacuation. The technology and innovation offset focuses on artificial intelligence–assisted patient movement, predictive and additive logistics, unmanned evacuation and sustainment systems, novel therapies, and improved medical …

Developing Alternative Manning Strategies To Maintain The Combat Effectiveness Of The Joint Force, Shawn M. Cook, Andrew Hall, Todd Spanton

Joint Force Quarterly

The U.S. military faces a shrinking pool of eligible and willing recruits, driven by declining physical and mental health eligibility, lower propensity to serve, and reduced confidence in military institutions. This article considers three approaches to sustaining the combat effectiveness of the joint force under these conditions: improving the fitness and readiness of the recruit population, adapting military standards and expectations to the available population, and maintaining a smaller force augmented by advanced technology. The authors argue that broad efforts to change population health and behavior are costly and difficult to sustain, while simply lowering standards could reduce military capability. …

Protecting Ace: Air Defense And Agile Combat Employment, Ian D. Richardson

Joint Force Quarterly

The United States Air Force’s Agile Combat Employment concept intends to complicate adversary targeting through rapid maneuver between dispersed airfields. However, the concept lacks a flexible approach to implement an added layer of air defense protection at these sites. This article offers the Army’s Multi-Domain Task Force Short Range Air Defense capabilities as a viable solution to this gap, and explores the impacts to organization, doctrine, and training associated with implementing such a solution. This analysis contributes to the ongoing development of both Air Force and Army operational concepts against near-peer adversaries.

Defusing Weaponized Interdependence: A New Approach To Measuring Country Reliability, Michael F. Harsch, Shaun Lee

Joint Force Quarterly

Global supply chain disruptions, U.S.-China trade competition, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine have highlighted the risks created by economic interdependence and dependence on potentially unreliable suppliers. This article introduces the Measure of Country Reliability (MCR), a framework for assessing the reliability of prospective U.S. economic and supply chain partners. The measure combines countries’ voting behavior in the United Nations General Assembly, used as an indicator of past geopolitical alignment with the United States, with Freedom House Global Freedom Scores, used to estimate likely future reliability. The authors apply the MCR to the 1973 oil embargo and to …

Solving The Crisis: A Partnership Approach For Safe, Affordable Military Housing, Michael Kittrell, Michael Borders

Joint Force Quarterly

This article examines the critical housing shortage at Cannon Air Force Base (CAFB) and proposes a collaborative, community-driven approach to solving the crisis. It highlights the structural issues behind the shortage—ranging from military retention challenges to nationwide housing market pressures—and details the strategic formation of the “House Hunters” team to develop innovative, interim solutions. The authors advocate for leveraging intergovernmental partnerships and public-private initiatives, such as apartment leases and university collaborations, to address dormitory deficits ahead of delayed military construction. The article calls for bold policy changes and agile financing strategies to ensure safe, affordable housing for military personnel in …

America Needs Bold, Visionary, And Strategic Joint Force Leaders, James W. Browning

Joint Force Quarterly

Once selected for a Joint Force higher-level leadership position, it is imperative to have a clear action plan to ensure a smooth transition into the role. The significance of preparation cannot be overstated. The notion of a 90-day grace period for acclimatization is a myth of the past. Today’s Joint Force leaders must be prepared to hit the ground running.

Dr. Jim Browning summarizes tactical approaches, insights, and practical actions gathered from more than 100 government and military executives and senior leaders. This guidance aims to help newly selected senior leaders transition smoothly and effectively both before and during their …

Obstacles To Integrating Deterrence, Jeffrey A. Larsen, James J. Wirtz

Joint Force Quarterly

Integrated deterrence is a concept introduced by the Biden administration in 2022 that calls for a whole-of-government, whole-of-alliance approach to deterrence. It responds to an increasingly complex world with new warfare domains, new and emerging technologies, highly sophisticated weaponry, and multiple regional and global actors, including two peer nuclear competitors. Nevertheless, the concept remains vague, especially when it comes to who is responsible for its implementation. This article describes the conceptual, organizational, and operational obstacles and considerations likely to be encountered by the effort to integrate deterrence. It concludes with some recommendations for operationalizing the concept across the US government …

A New Step In China’S Military Reform, Joel Wuthnow

Joint Force Quarterly

In April 2024, Xi Jinping announced a new military restructuring focused on improving the People’s Liberation Army (PLA)’s ability to achieve information dominance and conduct integrated joint operations in wartime. Continuing a process of reform that Xi initiated nearly a decade ago, the latest reform included three parts: eliminating the Strategic Support Force (SSF), establishing a new Information Support Force (ISF) responsible for network defense and communications support, and placing the ISF and three other support forces under Xi’s direct control. This reform constituted the most significant structural overhaul of the PLA in the last five years, and the first …

Executive Summary, William T. Eliason

Joint Force Quarterly

Effective communication is essential to joint warfighting success, yet even basic tasks, like radio reprogramming, can fail without proper training and leadership. Editor in Chief William T. Eliason emphasizes the life-saving importance of communication and the need to instill such skills at every level of the force. He adds a tribute to Dr. John Church’s editorial and visual contributions to JFQ and gives an update on the temporary pause of the annual essay competitions due to logistical constraints. This issue of Joint Force Quarterly features timely analyses on China’s military reform, the challenges of integrated deterrence, visionary leadership development, and …

Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 117, 2nd Quarter 2025, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

Joint Force Quarterly 117 centers on the urgent call for bold, visionary leadership within the U.S. Joint Force. Highlighting challenges such as integrated deterrence, alternative manning strategies, and China’s military reforms, this issue provides strategic insights for future readiness. It features forward-leaning proposals on air defense, military housing, and medical innovation, alongside historical case studies from Okinawa and Leyte. Book reviews and expert commentary further enrich the discourse on contemporary military leadership and strategy.

Cuba's Reintegration Into The Inter-American System: The Treaty Of Tlatelolco, The Oas, And The End Of Latin America's Cold War, Isabella M. Stark

Madison Historical Review

This paper situates Cuba's reintegration into the inter-American system through its journey becoming a signatory to the Treaty of Tlatelolco -- the first nuclear weapons-free zone treaty designated to a populated region. The paper first analyzes and historicizes contested definitions of terms such as Latin Americanism vis à vis Pan-Americanism, the inter-American system, and different understandings of when the Cold War in Latin America closed. The paper then places the policies of revolutionary Cuba within the context of Castro's perception of the island as the vanguard of Latin Americanism. The paper concludes with how the collapse of the Soviet Union, …