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The Story Of Florida's Migrant Farm Workers, Donald H. Grubbs Apr 2021

The Story Of Florida's Migrant Farm Workers, Donald H. Grubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

The vacation-bound tourist en route to South Florida often follows highway A1A past the glittering motels, mile on mile, that dot the beaches of Florida’s Gold Coast, or chooses perhaps to drive along the flowing curves of the Sunshine State Parkway farther inland. There is a third route south to Miami, however, that is quite dissimilar from the better known pair; it is a highway of many repairs that is used principally by far less affluent travelers. The motorist who bumps along U. S. 441 sees limitless flat vistas of fertile ebony soil stretching out to the horizon, striped with …


The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Mr. James Willard Milgram of 216 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn 1, New York, had an interesting cover and letter in a recent issue of the Weekly Philatelic Gossip. With the permission of that publication, a condensation of his article with the letter is reproduced for our readers.


The Avero Story: An Early Saint Augustine Family With Many Daughters And Many Houses, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

The Avero Story: An Early Saint Augustine Family With Many Daughters And Many Houses, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

By November 10, 1702, the English forces led by the ruthless James Moore, Governor of English Carolina, had occupied the town of St. Augustine. Over 1500 people took refuge in the Spanish fort which the English never were able to conquer. For two months Moore besieged the fort. The Spanish artillery was weak and ineffectual in driving away the enemy; the English artillery was inadequate against the massive walls of the fort. Moore tried to place his guns within closer range of the moat. The Spanish, afraid of this maneuver, dispatched a patrol with orders to burn all houses within …


Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Iii, Edwin C. Bearss Apr 2021

Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Iii, Edwin C. Bearss

Florida Historical Quarterly

Five days subsequent to the great artillery duel of November 22-23 Bragg endeavored to transmit mail to the Confederate prisoners held by the Yankees. Brown refused to receive the letters and even disdained to state his reasons for so doing. He was by no means as courteous and amiable as he had been after the attack on his outside confrere, Colonel Wilson. Later in the day a small yawl attempted to enter the bay from the fleet, a privilege heretofore accorded to the Federals, as until November 22 the Rebels’ vessels had been allowed to tie up at the navy …


Early Letters From R. K. Call, Willie D. Halsell Apr 2021

Early Letters From R. K. Call, Willie D. Halsell

Florida Historical Quarterly

Richard Keith Call and Edward Brett Randolph were both born in Virginia, only a few months apart. Since they were distantly related, they may have known each other before their participation in the Indian wars in the southeast and Florida. By 1819, they had made exceptional reputations for loyalty and bravery, Randolph at Fort Erie and Chippaway, both in the Indian campaigns.


Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Ii, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola Part Ii, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The new Confederate commander at Pensacola seemed omnipresent. In conjunction with Colonel William J. Hardee, commander at Fort Morgan, the bastion guarding the eastern approaches to Mobile Bay, a reconnaissance was conducted preparatory to the opening of a new line of communication between Mobile and Pensacola. It was hoped that an easier route could be developed between these two key points by utilizing water and land transportation, via Bon Secours, Bear Creek, and Perdido Bay, eliminating the long, slow overland trek from Blakely.


Florida On The Eve Of The Civil War As Seen By A Southern Reporter, William Warren Rogers Apr 2021

Florida On The Eve Of The Civil War As Seen By A Southern Reporter, William Warren Rogers

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the days prior to the firing on Fort Sumter, readers of the Charleston Daily Courier were kept well informed on current events by its various correspondents. No paper in the South was better supplied with journalists, who sent in weekly, and often daily, reports from centers of interest. One of these reporters styled himself “Batchelor,” and he made a tour of Florida for the Courier.


Florida In World War Ii: Tourists And Citrus, Ben F. Rogers Apr 2021

Florida In World War Ii: Tourists And Citrus, Ben F. Rogers

Florida Historical Quarterly

As 1941 drew to a close, in many states of the Union com- placent citizens still argued that the war in Europe and Asia was none of our business, that the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were insurmountable barriers which no enemy could ever cross. In the state of Florida, however, this was not so. Led by their irrepressible Senator, Claude Pepper, Floridians had long been deeply concerned with the rising tide of totalitarianism; the Gallup polls found Florida one of the most interventionist of all states. During the preceding years, moreover, there had been a tremendous expansion of Florida’s military …


2021 Undergraduate Research Competition Program, Coastal Carolina University Apr 2021

2021 Undergraduate Research Competition Program, Coastal Carolina University

Undergraduate Research Symposium Programs

12th Annual Undergraduate Research Competition, April 21-22, 2021.


Crisis And Catalonia: An Analysis On The Impact Of Crisis On The Public Opinion Of The Secessionist Movement In Catalonia, Rachel Ducker Apr 2021

Crisis And Catalonia: An Analysis On The Impact Of Crisis On The Public Opinion Of The Secessionist Movement In Catalonia, Rachel Ducker

Honors Theses

Catalonia, the autonomous region of Spain has seen an increase in secessionist sentiments in recent years. While the past inclination toward independence has been centered on economic autonomy and cultural identity, there has been a recent emphasis on political independence, particularly in the times of crisis. In this thesis. I analyze the relationship between the economic changes during the period of a crisis and the public opinion about the potential Catalan secession. Specifically, it investigates the relationships between the economic change and public sentiment during the financial crisis of 2008, the political crisis of 2017, and the pandemic crisis of …


Interview With Maurus Chino Of Acoma Pueblo, Jennifer Marley Apr 2021

Interview With Maurus Chino Of Acoma Pueblo, Jennifer Marley

Oral Histories HIST300, Spring 2021

In this Interview, Maurus Chino talks about how he came to form the Southwest Indigenous Alliance, his protests against conquistador monuments, his trials and tribulations as an activist, and his opinions on the tensions between Pueblo People and Genizaros in New Mexico. Maurus offers words of wisdom and encouragement for young Pueblo people.


The Coeducation Decade: The Fiftieth Anniversary Of Women At Wofford, Phillip Stone, Luke Meagher Apr 2021

The Coeducation Decade: The Fiftieth Anniversary Of Women At Wofford, Phillip Stone, Luke Meagher

Library Exhibits

THE COEDUCATION DECADE: The 50th anniversary of Women at Wofford In February 1971, four women enrolled as day students at Wofford under a new policy that allowed for day student coeducation. The Board of Trustees had changed the policy to allow the admission of women in greater numbers, although women had been part of the student body in small numbers since the 1890s. Within five years, the college moved to full residential coeducation. No matter the status at Wofford, women have made contributions to the campus community. This exhibit celebrates the history of women at Wofford and the ways that …


A Nation With Too Many Guns, Gregg Lee Carter Apr 2021

A Nation With Too Many Guns, Gregg Lee Carter

History and Social Sciences Faculty Journal Articles

English Translation is on last page.


Sara C. Bingham Apr 2021

Sara C. Bingham

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.


Letters Of A Teenage Confederate, Henry Eugene Sterkx Apr 2021

Letters Of A Teenage Confederate, Henry Eugene Sterkx

Florida Historical Quarterly

The history of the Civil War is replete with many young men who patriotically went off to war hoping to make great contributions to their side. Some did not get a chance to prove themselves in battle. Many spent all of their time in camp where some became victims of disease rather than the enemy’s bullets. Thus it was with Langdon Leslie Rumph.


The Episcopal Church In Florida During The Civil War, Joseph D. Cushman, Jr. Apr 2021

The Episcopal Church In Florida During The Civil War, Joseph D. Cushman, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the Civil War approached, the Episcopal Church in Flor- ida found herself for the first time since the opening of the territory in a position of stability. She had weathered the hardships and uncertainties of the territorial period; her older parishes had become self-supporting congregations, and were embarking on vigorous parochial and educational projects; and a new group of lively missions was springing up in towns like Fernandina, Ocala, and Palatka, and in agricultural villages like Waukeena and Milton. The Diocese of Florida, which had been bishopless for thirteen years after its organization in 1838, had enjoyed the episcopal …


Suggestions For Research In The Culture And Society Of A Spanish Florida, William B. Griffen Apr 2021

Suggestions For Research In The Culture And Society Of A Spanish Florida, William B. Griffen

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida was established as a functional part of the Spanish colonies in 1565. Saint Augustine was from the beginning the focal point of the Spanish Empire in Florida from which the social and cultural influences of the Iberian civilizers were radiated into the hinterland, transforming to some degree both the physical environment and the human groups bearing different ways of life which were encountered. But, not only from the standpoint of Spanish-Indian culture contact and acculturation does early Florida hold interest for the anthropologist. The imported European culture is also of tremendous importance to be understood in the development of …


A Massachusetts Traveller On The Florida Frontier, Arthur W. Thompson Apr 2021

A Massachusetts Traveller On The Florida Frontier, Arthur W. Thompson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The following passage is an excerpt from the travel diary of W. T. Allen. Leaving his home in Leominster, Massachusetts, on March 12, 1852, Allen enjoyed a forty-nine day tour of the Eastern portion of the United States. He journeyed by rail and boat to New York City and then by boat to Savannah, Georgia, and Florida. His stay in Florida lasted sixteen days, from March 21st to April 6th, and the account of his experiences on the Florida frontier comprises about fifteen of the fifty-five pages of his diary. After leaving Florida, Allen travelled to Savannah, Macon, Montgomery, Mobile, …


The Return Of Runaway Slaves 1790-1794, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

The Return Of Runaway Slaves 1790-1794, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

Among the duties assumed by the federal government after the ratification of the constitution was the general supervision over relations with the Indians living both within and without what were generally claimed to be the national boundaries. This assumption of authority was resented by many of the frontier residents long accustomed to dealing directly with the Indians. They were convinced, rightfully or wrongfully, that all savages were to be mistrusted, that the so-called Indian lands were open to seizure and settlement by the first to arrive on the scene, and that there was nothing illegal or immoral in acquiring the …


The Shaker Community In Florida, Russell H. Anderson Apr 2021

The Shaker Community In Florida, Russell H. Anderson

Florida Historical Quarterly

Many residents of Osceola County, Florida, recall a kindly though strange religious group, the Shakers, who once lived near present day St. Cloud-but the memory of these good people is fading. It should be recorded that beginning in 1894, Osceola County was the scene of one of the later efforts of an outstanding utopian movement in America-that of the Shaker religious group.


Zespedes And The Southern Conspiracies, Helen Hornbeck Tanner Apr 2021

Zespedes And The Southern Conspiracies, Helen Hornbeck Tanner

Florida Historical Quarterly

The peace treaty by which the American colonists gained their independence in 1783 created a situation along their southern border almost designed, it seemed, to provoke hostility. By the treaty, the provinces of East and West Florida, which had belonged to Britain for the previous twenty years and had remained loyal to the Crown, were returned to Spain. Thus Europe’s oldest colonial power regained a foothold on the southeastern seaboard of North America, but now was threatened by an ambitious young republic - the first independent nation in the western hemisphere. Furthermore, a portion of the border remained in dispute …


Newspapers Of Pensacola, 1821-1900, Horance G. Davis, Jr. Apr 2021

Newspapers Of Pensacola, 1821-1900, Horance G. Davis, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Brigands, camp followers, speculators, gamblers and soldiers-of-fortune made Pensacola a gay city in 1821 as the populace, swelled to some 4,000, awaited the triumphant entry of the conquering hero, General Andrew Jackson. Florida, international pawn long coveted by the United States, was to be relinquished by Spain. Andrew Jackson and his troops had invaded the area twice since 1814, but diplomacy had foiled United States territorial ambitions. Now at last Florida was to be ceded to the United States, and provisional governor Andrew Jackson was expected momentarily at Pensacola, the seat of Florida government. Only Spanish loyalists viewed the gaiety …


Pensacola In Retrospect: 1870-1890, Occie Clubbs Apr 2021

Pensacola In Retrospect: 1870-1890, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

The yellow pine was the backbone of the economy of the Pensacola region and the source of several individual fortunes during the decades of this article. As early as 1826 E. E. Simpson had constructed a water-mill at Woodbine to carry out his contract to furnish lumber for certain buildings at the Pensacola Navy Yard then under construction. In 1841 John Hunt built the first steam sawmill. Though both of these were in what is now Santa Rosa County, that area was Escambia County then, and Pensacola was headquarters and received the stimulus and financial benefit from their operations.


Ante-Bellum Pensacola: 1821-1860, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

Ante-Bellum Pensacola: 1821-1860, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

The morning sun over Pensacola on July 17, 1821, shone on a scene of historic pageantry not since repeated in Florida’s history. During the early hours of that day a full company of Spanish troops, dismounted dragoons of the regiment of Tarragona who were elegantly clad and equipped, paraded in the plaza before the Government House. A few miles away, through the flat piney woods, came elements of the Fourth United States Infantry and Fourth United States Artillery regiments with flags flying and band playing. At their heads rode the gaunt gray figure of Andrew Jackson. After almost two months …


Panton, Leslie, And Company, Indian Traders Of Pensacola And St. Augustine, J. A. Brown Apr 2021

Panton, Leslie, And Company, Indian Traders Of Pensacola And St. Augustine, J. A. Brown

Florida Historical Quarterly

The North American peace settlement of 1783 confirmed the Spanish in their reconquest of Pensacola and returned His Catholic Majesty’s banner to the bastions of the Castillo de San Marcos at St. Augustine; however, it did not end - but rather intensified - the struggle for the allegiance and trade of the 45,000 Indians on the Florida frontier. A new and dynamic United States, surging to the Mississippi, and from its Bahamas outpost a covetous England, intrigued with the savages to turn the Spanish out, and failing that, to divert to their own nationals and treasuries a part at least …


Pensacola During The Second Spanish Period, L. N. Mcalister Apr 2021

Pensacola During The Second Spanish Period, L. N. Mcalister

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the first day of January, 1777, an event in New Orleans was to have important consequences for the history of Pensacola: Bernardo de Galvez formally assumed the governorship of Louisiana. Galvez was typical of the colonial officials who were appointed during that Indian Summer of Spanish Imperial history, the reign of Charles III. A career officer in the royal armies, he had already distinguished himself in several theaters: first in Portugal, then in Mexico against the Indians on the northern frontier where, under his famous uncle Jose de Galvez, he displayed those traits of energy, initiative, and leadership which …


Tristan De Luna And Ochuse (Pensacola Bay), 1559, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

Tristan De Luna And Ochuse (Pensacola Bay), 1559, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

The conquest of America by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century was a momentous event which had profound consequences in world history. Portugal was the leader of the age of exploration during the fifteenth century, but Spain became the principal contender in conquest during the next century. It was she who blazed the trail of European penetration in South, Central and North America. It was she who left the first European footprints on Florida’s soil. It was she who unfurled the first flag over Pensacola Bay, and it was she who planted the first cross, symbol of Christianity, on the …


Florida Bibliography And Historiography, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Florida Bibliography And Historiography, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

I. The Development of Knowledge Regarding the Florida Indians; II. Writings In Florida History on the Period 1821-1860; III. Historical Writing on Twentieth Century Florida


Florida Pioneer, Adelaide H. Reed Apr 2021

Florida Pioneer, Adelaide H. Reed

Florida Historical Quarterly

Whether the source of the Manatee River was really the “Fountain of Youth” for which Ponce de Leon searched in vain is a question for historians - or geographers - to argue about. But, in its early days, the little town of Manatee really did have a “Fountain of Youth.” At least, it was named that. It was not exactly a fountain, but a little spring of clear, cold water bubbling up out of the ground, with a gourd hung on a nearby oak tree from which to drink.


The Democrat, Arthur Kennerly Apr 2021

The Democrat, Arthur Kennerly

Florida Historical Quarterly

For more than fifty years The Tallahassee Democrat has been the major newspaper of the capital city of Florida. * In the half-century since it first appeared, the newspaper has frequently changed its “face” and has been challenged by several short-lived local rival publications. But no matter how much opposition it has had and regardless of how many readers curse it, The Democrat has survived and prospered.