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Effects Of Endurance Training On Skeletal Muscle Mass And Inflammation In A Rat Model Of Heart Failure, Aaron Garcia, Dillon Harris, Quinten Pigg, Daniela Sayuri Inoue, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic disease states including heart failure (HF) often lead to reduced physical activity, resulting in disuse and low-level systemic inflammation, which contribute to the decline in muscle mass and function. An important goal of therapy in HF patients is to counteract or prevent the development of skeletal muscle alterations in order to restore a normal functional capacity. Exercise is an established means of improving exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with HF. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of an endurance program on skeletal muscle mass and inflammation in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-induced …

Systemic Inflammation Persists In Rats With Heart Failure After A Short-Term Endurance Training Protocol, Quinten Pigg, Dillon Harris, Aaron Garcia, Daniela Sayuri Inoue, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise has been shown to produce an anti-inflammatory response and an increased exercise tolerance in heart failure (HF) patients. In rats, monocrotaline (MCT) leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension-induced HF (PAH-HF), resulting in exercise intolerance and chronic inflammation. However, little is known about the effects of endurance training in rats with PAH-HF induced by monocrotaline. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of an endurance training protocol on systemic inflammatory markers and exercise tolerance in rats with HF. METHODS: 30 male Wistar rats (~250g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control untrained (CU); control trained (CT), PAH-HF untrained (HFU), and PAH-HF trained (HFT). …

Maximal Isometric Contraction In Skeletal Muscle Of Endurance Trained Rats With Heart Failure, Dillon Harris, Jacob Kendra, Quinten Pigg, Shadi Golpasandi, Aaron Garcia, Daniela Inoue Yoshimura, Aaron Morton, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart failure (HF) leads to debilitating skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy, with exercise tolerance (ET) remaining a crucial indicator of clinical, practical, and mortality-based outcomes. To simulate these comorbidities, monocrotaline (MCT) is a pharmacological agent typically used to aid in replicating experimental models of right ventricle HF. PURPOSE: To investigate the viability of moderate-intensity aerobic training to preserve skeletal muscle function and ameliorate muscle atrophy in MCT-induced HF. METHODS: Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary (SED) or trained groups (EX; 30min/day treadmill running sessions, 5 days/wk, for 4 weeks) at 60% intensity determined by a maximal …

Effects Of Continuous Aerobic Exercise On Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced By Heart Failure, Carolina Tonon, Bertha F. Polegato, Quinten Pigg, Dillon Harris, Aaron Garcia, Daniela S. Inoue, Mariana Janini Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart failure is a common and severe disease that worsens morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. One of the clinical manifestations of heart failure is peripheral muscular atrophy, whose presence impacts the prognosis of heart failure patients. Inflammation is one of the main mechanisms related to muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that inflammation, through excessive activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, would be tightly associated with skeletal muscle atrophy induced by heart failure. Additionally, aerobic exercise, well known for its anti-inflammatory action, would counteract this condition in a rat model of heart failure. PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of continuous …

Validity Of Body Volume Estimates From A Smartphone 3-Dimensional Scanning Application, Ethan G. Tinoco, Christian Rodriguez, Madelin R. Siedler, Christian Lavalle, Christine M. Florez, Sarah White, Alexandra Brojanac, Jaylynn Rasco, Gabrielle Dehaven, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body volume (BV) indicates the total 3-dimensional (3D) space an individual occupies. BV is either used alongside body mass in density-based two-compartment models or in conjunction with other body components in multi-compartment models to estimate body composition (BC). BV estimates are typically produced by costly laboratory methods, such as hydrostatic weighing or air-displacement plethysmography (ADP). However, more accessible options are emerging. Smartphone-based 3D scanning uses the phone’s built-in camera to provide a BV estimate in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. However, few investigations have validated this method against an accepted laboratory technique. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of BV from …

Characterization Of Physical And Cognitive Performance And Hydration In Older Adults, Corey Lawrence, Casey R. Appell, Nigel C. Jiwan, Jarrod Blinch, Alan T. Ky, Ruben M. Moya, Cherish A. Keeney, Yasuki Sekiguchi, Hui-Ying Luk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In younger adults, dehydration has been shown to impair physical and cognitive performance. Older adults are habitually hypohydrated alongside experiencing physical and cognitive performance deficits. Despite these deficits, the link between these factors remains unexplored. Purpose: To examine the effect of hydration status on physical and cognitive performance in older adults. Methods: Sixteen (5 men and 11 women) community-dwelling adults (74±7yr; 78.2±15.0kg; 161±11cm) completed measurements of hydration status (urine specific gravity [USG], urine color), bioelectrical impedance analysis (lean mass, fat mass, total body fluid, intracellular to extracellular fluid ratio [ICF: ECF]), blood pressure, physical performance (handgrip strength test, sit-to-stand test, …

The Effects Of Hydration Status On Heart Rate Variability Following Supramaximal Intensity Exercise, Ryan A. Dunn, Nigel C. Jiwan, Casey R. Appell, Andrew Schindel, Ryan Ellis, Jayln Dunlap, Christopher Washington, Isabell R. Trevino, Carson Lewis, Ruben E. Moya, Jan-Joseph S. Rolloque, Marcos S. Keefe, Hui-Ying Luk, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method used to monitor physiological stress via assessment of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulations and can indicate an individual’s recovery and readiness to exercise. Evidence suggests dehydration negatively impacts HRV; however, the influence of hydration status on HRV following supramaximal resistance exercise (RE) is unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of hydration status on HRV indices following supramaximal intensity RE. METHODS: 14 recreationally resistance-trained men (age, 21 ± 2 years; height, 176.25 ± 5.84 cm; weight, 81.31 ± 12.77 kg) participated in this study. In a randomized, counterbalanced order, participants performed a supramaximal intensity …

Optimal Ranges Of Training Load And Recovery Status Prior To The Game To Maximize Game-Day Performance In Soccer, Cherish Keeney, Kelly B. Elliott, Jan-Joseph S. Rolloque, Ruben Moya, Kathryn E. Southall, Kealey J. Wohlgemuth, Jacob A. Mota, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Identifying ideal ranges of training load (TL) and recovery status before soccer games is essential to maximize game-day performance. PURPOSE: To determine how accumulative TL and subjective fatigue affect performance during the game. METHODS: Twenty-one male semi-professional soccer players (mean ± standard deviation; age: 22 ± 2 years; mass: 77.3 ± 6.9 kg) wore a player tracking device to monitor TL during each practice and game. A 7-day accumulation of high speed running and sprinting (HSR+Sprint, ³12.30 mph), total distance (TD), low acceleration (Low_ACC: 0.50-1.99 m×s^-2), and high acceleration (High_ACC: 2.00-50.00 m×s …

Firefighters Versus Law Enforcement Officers: A Comparison Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Bethany C. Guerra, Hunter Martaindale, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew E. Gonzalez, Matthew J. Mcallister

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters (FF) and law enforcement officers (LEO) have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to the stressful nature of their occupations. Data suggest that 45% of on-duty FF fatalities are related to CVD, while LEO have a 1.7 times higher CVD prevalence compared to the general public. To our knowledge, studies comparing FF to LEO, in terms of CVD risk factors, have not been published. This information is necessary to better understand differences in occupational disease risk, as well as to help bridge the gap between stress and CVD markers. PURPOSE: To compare CVD risk biomarkers, fitness, and body …

Validation Of A Non-Invasive Physiological Stress Assessment: Agreement Of Salivary And Blood Cortisol Among Firefighters, Caiti Dodge, Hunter Martaindale, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew E. Gonzalez, Matthew J. Mcallister

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Salivary cortisol has been used as an indicator of stress exposure among tactical personnel (i.e., firefighters). Assessing cortisol concentrations, whether via blood or saliva samples, can provide valuable insight into the physiological stress load placed upon the firefighter. Cortisol levels provide a reflection of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Salivary cortisol is unbound and has been suggested to provide a better reflection of HPA axis activity compared to blood cortisol, which is bound to soluble corticosteroid-binding globulin. Importantly, the use of salivary biosample collection also offers a more practical and non-invasive method to assess physiological stress biomarkers when blood sample …

Body Fat Percentage Estimation From Smartphone Three-Dimensional Optical Imaging, Christine M. Florez, Christian Rodriguez, Madelin R. Siedler, Ethan Tinoco, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body composition is an important component of overall health. The development of digital assessment methods has led to increased interest in devices that allow users to monitor their own body composition. Smartphone applications with three-dimensional optical imaging (3DO) capabilities are a user-friendly technology capable of predicting percent body fat (BF%) from relevant body measurements. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of two BF% equations using smartphone 3DO data, as compared to a 4-compartment (4C) model criterion, and to produce a new BF% estimation equation. METHODS: At a single laboratory visit, 60 participants (28 F, 32 M; [mean ± SD] …

Sleep Duration Is Increased Following Muscle Damaging Exercise In Hot Environmental Conditions, Marcos Keefe, Ryan A. Dunn, Casey R. Appell, Nigel C. Jiwan, Jan-Joseph S. Rolloque, Hui-Ying Luk, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sleep and recovery measures are typically negatively affected by a muscle-damaging bout of exercise. However, it remains unknown if the additive effects of hot environmental conditions, resulting in increased core temperature and other thermoregulatory responses during the exercise bout, further progress changes in quantity and performance quality of sleep duration. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of muscle-damaging exercise in the heat, compared to a thermoneutral condition, on sleep and recovery measures. METHODS: Ten healthy males (age: 23 ± 3yr; body mass: 78.7 ± 11.5kg; height: 176.9 ± 5cm; lactate threshold [LT]: 9.7 ± 1.0km^.hr^-1) performed two …

Physical Education Teachers' Perceptions Of Their Pre-Service Teacher Education, Gunay Sen

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Physical education plays a crucial role in fostering lifelong physical activity and contributing to the overall education of children. Effective PE teaching requires well-planned teacher education programs that align with contemporary educational standards and practices (Morgan & Bourke, 2005; Lu & Lorusso, 2016). This study addresses the gap between theoretical training and real-world teaching demands, emphasizing the need for ongoing professional development and alignment with current educational standards (Tinning, 2002; Siedentop, 1994). This dissertation explores the perceptions of physical education (PE) teachers regarding their pre-service teacher education (PETE) across four countries: Australia, England, the USA, and Türkiye. The aim is …

Medicine Balls Training In The Sequence Of Complex Handball Training Versus Only Handball Training: Effects On Physical Fitness In Pre-Adolescence Female Handball Players, Natalia Chukhlantseva

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The inclusion of the training process of pre-adolescent female athletes with additional means helps to optimize exercise influences. The study aims to estimate the influence of a 16-week program of handball training with medicine balls in comparison with a program of handball training on the physical and special training of beginner handball players. Methods: Female athletes were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 30; 11.23 ±0.41 years) and a control (n = 32; 10.99 ± 0.4 years) group. Training sessions of both groups were conducted according to the existing curriculum, but the experimental group replaced part …

Cultural Normalization Of Risk?: Exploring Brain Injury In The National Football League Using Sociocultural Analysis, Ali V. Willing, Jafra D. Thomas

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The NFL's history includes the organization's fight against numerous lawsuits alleging excessive risk of brain injury to current and former players. A billion-dollar legal settlement by the NFL in 2022 illustrates the issue's gravity. PURPOSE: We aimed to understand why, culturally, the NFL has 'failed' to avert serious harm alleged by the lawsuits, given the lawsuits' magnitude and the known brain-injury risks of playing tackle football. METHODS: The NFL's rhetoric towards safety concerns and recommendations for injury prevention were examined vis-a-vis qualitative analysis of its organizational and media practices. This study was through one undergraduate end-of-term project focused …

Participation, Commitment, And Loyalty Towards Youth Tennis: Player And Parent Perceptions, Jill Fjelstul, Asli Tasci, Alan Fyall, Karl Davies

Journal of Tourism Insights

Sports, in general and tennis specifically, offer diverse benefits for youth in social, physical, psychological, and mental dimensions. These benefits are known to influence commitment and loyalty towards sports. Nonetheless, the influence of perceived benefits on youth commitments and loyalty to tennis has been a void in the literature. Assuming the parental influence on youth participation in sport in general and in tennis specifically, this study measured and compared the youth tennis players’ and their parents’ perceived benefits of tennis. The study depicted physical well-being, life skills, and fun as the highly-rated perceived benefits by both players and parents/guardians. Life …

Risk Management Perceptions And Preventive Practices Of Athletic Directors From Naia Schools, Yan Gioseffi

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The increase in the number of incidents associated with sports has led to the rise of litigation, and physical, emotional, and financial damage to stakeholders. Collegiate athletic directors (ADs) have the duty to keep their programs safe.

This study aimed to explore and understand the practices, perceptions, and experiences of ADs from National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) institutions regarding preventive risk management. As risk management is significantly new in the sporting industry, an exploratory study using a qualitative design, grounded in narrative inquiry was conducted using the D.I.M. Process as a guide to collect data from 10 NAIA ADs …

Evaluation Of Undergraduate Internship Interprofessional Experiences Using The Jefferson Teamwork Observation Guide (Jtog ), Erin Choice, Shelene Thomas

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and describe the healthy behaviors of teamwork at internship sites of undergraduate health and exercise science students. Data from the Jefferson Teamwork Observation Guide (JTOG) tool, in conjunction with five open-ended debrief questions were used as an innovative means of assessment to evaluate the quality of interprofessional experiences at various internship sites, as reviewed by the internship coordinator. Methods: Students observed an interprofessional team at their internship site and completed the JTOG, for the observed team. The JTOG is a two-part assessment (Likert Scale questions; qualitative questions) of identifiable characteristics of …

Closing Racial Disparity By Dismantling Constructs Of Fear - A Practical Methodology For Learning To Swim, Dane W. Wolfrom, Christine L. Snellgrove, Marisol A. Rivera, Keisha Laguer Vandessppooll, Emily D. Feliciano

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

African American, Black, Hispanic, Latino, and low-socioeconomic communities have lower swimming ability and higher relative drowning rates than White and high-socioeconomic communities, distinguishing the former as high-priority populations to engage with effective learn-to-swim programming. This article demonstrates how prioritizing the reduction of fear-producing brain processes while learning to swim can result in 79.5% of high-priority population non-swimmers being able to jump into deep water, roll onto their backs and either float or tread for 60 seconds, and swim 25 yards after an average of 14 practice sessions. Practical explanations of four key components— water exploration, structured games, emulating coaches, and …

Racist Or Radical? The Strange Case Of Robert Moses And The Building Of New York City's Aquatics Infrastructure, Steven N. Waller Ph.D., James H. Bemiller J.D., Jason L. Scott Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Who was Robert Moses? In this article, we want to cast a bright light on Robert Moses as a visionary urban planner, which included the comprehensive planning of the outdoor and indoor aquatic infrastructure for New York City. Second, we want to highlight some of his administration's significant accomplishments and challenges in providing aquatics opportunities for diverse populations, including people of color. Finally, we aspire to illustrate what happens when officials with power and authority in local government are permitted to operate without scrutiny and are unbeholden to a meaningful series of checks and balances. Robert Moses’ tenure as a …

A Leisure Model: Barriers And Black Womxn Collegiate Swimmers, Tiffany Monique Quash

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

There remains a gap in the literature about the experiences of Black Womxn Collegiate Swimmers (hereafter referred to as BWCS) and the application of the leisure constraints model. Whether research has been conducted with Black Womxn Swimmers enrolled in a swimming course while using an autoethnographic lens (Norwood, 2010) or the representation of one Black Womxn Swimmer from a Predominantly White Institution (Quash, 2018), minimal knowledge is known about this specific demographic representative of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) and the barriers they experience. Using a qualitative methodological approach to understand the leisure constraints …

“Pool: A Social History Of Segregation Exhibition” Exploring Social Justice Through The Lens Of Water Safety Awareness And Art-Based Education, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq Ph.D., Mph, Tiffany Monique Quash Ph.D., Knolan Rawlins Ph.D., Victoria Prizzia, Miriam Lynch Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Art exhibitions, with a focus on water safety and drowning prevention, are rarely seen as a medium to address social justice and public health, or water safety awareness and drowning prevention efforts in communities. Globally, data have shown drowning is considered a “neglected public health threat” (World Health Organization, 2021, CDC, 2023). Additionally, reports have shown that across the globe there are demographic groups of people impacted by drowning, historical traumas, and social determinants, also impacting some communities that are at greater risk (WHO 2021, CDC, 2023). Although there are national and international efforts to address the importance of water …

Blue-Mindfulness Training: A Story Of Restorative Justice Decolonizing And Re-Indigenizing Communal Relationships With Water, Thaddeus Gamory, Miriam Lynch Ph.D., A. Udaya Thomas, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq Ph.D., Mph

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This article aims to introduce and describe the development of the concept of Blue-Mindfulness Training^TM, which was created and designed by Thaddeus Gamory and supported by research and the experience of other experts in the field. Drawing from the author’s and others' practical experience, the authors present a "Voice from the Field" perspective on creating and developing the Blue-Mindfulness^TM . This Instructional Framework, coined by Mr. Thaddeus Gamory Blue-Mindfulness^TM, addresses the impacts of historical racial discrimination and trauma in BIPOC communities, specifically on marginalized African American communities while promoting a communal and safe relationship with …

Self-Reported Water Competency Skills At A Historically Black College & University And The Potential Impact Of Additional Hbcu-Based Aquatic Programming, Knolan C. Rawlins Ph.D., Shaun M. Anderson Ed.D, Tiffany Monique Quash Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This article provides an analysis of self-reported water competency skills at a Historically Black University (HBCU). A survey was administered to undergraduate students who lived on campus at one HBCU. Of the 254 respondents that reported the ability to swim, only 187 respondents self-reported the ability to swim and the ability to perform water competency skills. The biggest discrepancy occurred within individuals that identified as Black or African American. In this group, 142 out of 250 participants proclaimed the ability to swim. However, the number of Black or African Americans that could swim dropped to 84 when researchers operationally defined …

Primed For Sport Coaching: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study Of A Six-Week Intervention, Pete S. Paciorek

Dissertations

This six-week pilot study was conducted using grounded theory from “What Works in Character Education” (Berkowitz & Bier, 2014) and specifically the “PRIMED for Character Education” framework (Berkowitz, 2021) applied to 11 high school sport coaches. The three key ideas of focus were on whether the PRIMED framework could increase the coach-participants’ commitment to character education, self-efficacy as character educators, and self-identification as Servant Leaders in an effort to “nurture the flourishing of human goodness” (Berkowitz, 2021) of our youth and, in this case, specifically, high school student-athletes.

With millions of youth involved in sport in North America and across …

International Student-Athletes’ Unique Challenges: Collegiate Coaches’ Facilitation Of Social Capital And Servant Leadership, Daewon Yoon

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

International student-athletes (ISAs) play in almost all NCAA sports at all levels of competition. This factor implies that international student-athletes are now a significant part of the paradigm of college athletics.

Even though an increasingly substantial number of ISAs in international student (ISs) populations in the United States, ISAs would face additional challenges concerning language barriers, cultural differences, adjusting to the new environment, general life on campus, academic settings, and the school's high expectations of them for athletic performance.

Therefore, providing genuine caring and supportive behavior for international student-athletes, ongoing support for social connection to minimize their unique issues, servant …

Meeting, Moving, Mastering - A Text Analysis Of The Aesthetic Attractions Of 'Wild Swimming', Dagmar Dahl, Åsa I. Bäckström

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Why are people fascinated by swimming in nature? This article addresses the aesthetic experiences of wild swimming as expressed by five wild swimming authors in their books. Drawing from aesthetic philosophy, we analyze the ways in which the appeal of wild swimming is described on three levels: the allure of water in the environment, the sensory encounter between water and the body, and the experience of moving in water. Furthermore, with reference to Seel’s concept of nature aesthetics (1996), the experience of wild swimming is analyzed in terms of contemplation, correspondence, and imagination. We can conclude that the special intensity …

In This Issue (14:1), Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

In This Issue 14:1 introduces and overviews the research and education articles and position statement associated with the first issue of the fourteenth volume of the International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education.

Towards A Globalised Vision Of Aquatic Competence, Rita F. Pinto, Juan Antonio Moreno Murcia

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Human interaction with the aquatic environment has always taken different forms to meet the needs of pleasure, survival, therapy or performance. The diversity of existing aquatic spaces presents itself as a challenge, due to their variety, dynamism, unpredictability and unrepeatable conditions. These factors potentiate an infinite number of possibilities for human response in interaction with the aquatic environment, with aquatic competence being the one that will be able to sustain all types of interaction. Thus, the aim of the proposal has been to present a new approach to the contextualisation of aquatic competence. After a literature review on the concept …

Revisiting The Metaphorical Concept Of “No Strokes First - All Strokes First”: Part One - Beginning Strokes, Robert Keig Stallman Ph.D., Alex Mwaipasi, Ebbe Laakso Horneman, Nils Olof Vikander, Bente Wäinösdatter Horneman Laakso, Haakon-Paavo Laakso Nysted, Toni Ongala

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The aim of this article is to address the familiar question “Which swimming stroke should be taught first?” The discussion is usually focused on breaststroke versus crawl. Provoked by these naïve discussions of which stroke should be taught first (as if stroking equals swimming, which it emphatically does NOT), the question was answered metaphorically in an earlier article “No Stroke First – All Strokes First” (Stallman, 2008a). Here in Part I we identify and describe six strokes, all of which might be a candidate for any learners ‘very first’ stroke. We describe them as beginning strokes. Having identified and learned …