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Phages Of Non-Diary Lactococci: Isolation And Characterization Of Phi L47, A Phage Infecting The Grass Isolate Lactococcus Lactis Ssp Cremoris Dpc6860, Daniel Cavanagh, Caitríona M. Guinane, Horst Neve, Aidan Coffey, R. Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Lactococci isolated from non-dairy sources have been found to possess enhanced metabolic activity when compared to dairy strains. These capabilities may be harnessed through the use of these strains as starter or adjunct cultures to produce more diverse flavor profiles in cheese and other dairy products. To understand the interactions between these organisms and the phages that infect them, a number of phages were isolated against lactococcal strains of non-dairy origin. One such phage, ΦL47, was isolated from a sewage sample using the grass isolate L. lactis ssp. cremoris DPC6860 as a host. Visualization of phage virions by transmission electron …

Ua66/5 Department Of Agriculture 2014 Newsletter, Department Of Agriculture And Food Science

Agriculture Department Publications

Sections include:

Alumni

In Memory of Dr. David M. Coffey

Outstanding Agriculture Students

J Dominique Gumirakiza– Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics

Students from the Department of Agriculture Study Developmental Issues in Andean Agriculture in Ecuador

Viticulture News

Turfgrass Management News

Internships at the Baker Arboretum

Southern Forages Authors Visit WKU

Agricultural Ambassadors

Agricultural Education News

Agriculture Students Striving for Effective Tomorrows (ASSET) Conference

WKU Dairy Challenge Team participates in 8th Annual Southern Regional Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® Contest

WKU Dairy Challenge Team participates in 8th Annual Southern Regional Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® Contest

Student Research– Assessment of Stress in Therapy Horses

Agronomy …

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 15 2014, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Development Of Active Packaging With Antimicrobial Activity, Xiuxiu Sun

Wayne State University Dissertations

Microbial safety of fresh fruits and vegetables is an increasing concern with any possible recall or outbreaks negatively affecting the entire industry. The interest in the development of active packaging has recently been steadily increasing due to significant concerns about environmental pollution caused by non-biodegradable packaging materials and consumer demand for high quality food products. Newly developed packaging materials and methods often have additional functional properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

In our study, the chitosan-gallic acid edible films and chitosan-essential oil coatings with antimicrobial activity, as well as active packaging with chlorine dioxide sachet were developed. The results …

Effects Of Acute And Chronic Sleep Deprivation On Eating Behavior, Stephanie Frank

Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection

Sleep-deprivation is thought to be a factor in the rising American obesity epidemic. Altered sleep cycles affect appetite-regulating hormone levels and enhance the hedonic effect of food consumption. As a result, sleep restriction has been associated with an increased daily energy intake of more than 500 calories and high-carbohydrate/high-fat consumption. However, past studies have not examined the relationship between sleep deprivation and decreased intake of nutrient-dense fruits and vegetables as a factor in increased energy consumption. This paper aims to 1) determine the affect average hours of sleep or acute sleep deprivation (defined as less than 6 hour sleep per …

The Hang-Up With Hamburg: How Center For Food Safety V. Hamburg Will Alter The Food Industry, Joella Roland

Journal of Business & Technology Law

No abstract provided.

Isolation And Characterization Of Natural Antimicrobials From Plant And Marine Organisms, Corene Barbara Canning

Wayne State University Dissertations

Antibiotic agents have been found to have a limited lifespan due to the ability of microrganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance. In this study a number extracts of plant and marine organisms were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a number of high priority pathogens. Bioassay-guided fractionation of four extracts led to the identification of compounds with inhibitory activity; including one previously unknown compound. Compounds were evaluated through a variety of techniques including broth microdilution assay to determine each compound's MIC and MBC. The majority of the compounds showed antimicrobial activity equal to, if not better than, the commonly used antimicrobial …

Characterization Of Bacteriophages From Environmental Water Samples And The Potential Of Bacteriophages Tailspike Proteins (Tsp) In Bacteria Detection, Gayathri Upeksha Gunathilaka

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES FROM ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES AND THE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIOPHAGES TAILSPIKE PROTEINS (TSP) IN BACTERIA DETECTION

by

GAYATHRI UPEKSHA GUNATHILAKA

May 2014

Advisor: Dr. Yifan Zhang

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

The high abundance of phage in the environment and their specificity with the bacteria host make them an excellent tool for bacteria detection. To characterize phage specific to Salmonella and E. coli from water samples in the Southeastern Michigan and to develop a novel bacterial detection method using phage, environmental water samples were collected from rivers and waste water treatment plant (WWTP) …

Herbal And Microbial Products For The Management Of Obesity, Maha Salama, Soheir El Zalabani, Essam Abdel Sattar

Pharmacy

Obesity is a global epidemic and one of the major health burdens of modern times. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide; it constitutes a serious problem in developed as well as developing countries. Beside adults, the number of obese teenagers and children in particular has dramatically increased. Obesity is characterized by accumulation of excess fat in adipose tissues in an extent to produce adverse effects on health, leading to a reduction in life expectancy and/or a raise in health hazards. People are classified as overweight (pre-obese) and obese on the basis of the Body Mass Index (BMI), crude measure …

Rheological, Foam, And Physical Properties Of Low Sucrose Meringue And Angel Food Cake Formulated With Non-Nutritive Sweeteners And Polydextrose, Kevin J. O'Niones

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The object of this research was to determine if an acceptable angel food cake alternative could be produced that had reduced calories and sucrose content. This was accomplished through replacing sucrose in meringue, angel food cake batter, and baked angel food cakes with polydextrose and either sucralose, acesulfame-K, or Rebaudioside A at different replacement levels (25, 50, 75, 100%). Meringue and cake batter properties were measured using rheological techniques. Baked angel food cakes were analyzed based on height, weight loss, moisture content, color, and TPA analysis. With meringue batter, 100% sucrose replacement was unacceptable since undissolved polydextrose made analyzing and …

Modelling The Effects Of Natural Antimicrobials As Food Preservatives, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

A predictive food microbiological model is a mathematical representation of mechanisms that describes the growth, survival, inactivation or biochemical process of an organism and are used in the food industry to predict food pathogen growth and to help in the evaluation of food safety. Furthermore, it reduces the number of expensive and time-consuming experiments; however, adequate statistical analysis is a crucial step during all phases of model development and validation. Therefore, the present chapter is focused on the basic concept of mathematical modelling which can be applied to estimate the effects of natural antimicrobials as food preservatives. Initial section discusses …

Screening Of Natural Antimicrobial Agents And Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Using A Soleris System, Mingyang Huang

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

SCREENING OF NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL - RESISTANT BACTERIA USING A SOLERIS SYSTEM

by

MINGYANG HUANG

May 2014

Advisor: Dr. Yifan Zhang

Major: Food Science and Nutrition

Degree: Master of Science

Traditional broth micro-dilution method is a common assay of measuring Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to determine the antimicrobial activity of an antimicrobial agent. However, this method is generally time-consuming and labor intensive. Alternatively, an automated optical method using the Soleris system was applied in this study. The system was compared to the traditional broth micro-dilution 96-well assay to test the antimicrobial activity of 11 essential oils and …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Essential Oil Emulsions And Possible Synergistic Effect On Food Borne Pathogens, Varun Tahlan

Wayne State University Theses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil emulsions against food borne pathogenic bacteria and determine potential applications. The oils used for this study were cinnamon, oregano, clove, thyme, rosemary, sage, bergamot, nutmeg, lemon grass and bay. Oil in water emulsions were prepared using Tween 80 as an emulsifying agent, with a stock oil concentration in the emulsions of 20,000 ppm. Essential oil emulsions were individually screened against E. coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC 700927), L. monocytogens (ATCC 19115), L. innocua (ATCC 33090) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 19585) using the broth micro dilution …

Bacteriophage Isolated From The Environment And E. Coli Of Meat Origin As A Reservoir Of Antibiotic Resistance, Manisha Polur

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND E. COLI OF MEAT ORIGIN AS A RESERVOIR OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

by

MANISHA POLUR

April 2014

Advisor: Dr. Yifan Zhang

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

This study was aimed to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance reservoir in bacteriophage. Bacteriophages were isolated and purified from waste water treatment plants, Detroit river, Belle Isle, Urban Garden soils and examined for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes. Thirty E. coli isolates from retail meat were analyzed for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes. 95% of E. coli them carried …

College Students’ Perceptions Regarding Sensory Aspects Of Conventionally Produced And Unconventionally Produced Foods: Implications For Marketing To The Millennial Generation, Christina Crowder, Catherine W. Shoulders, K. Jill Rucker

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Consumers vote every day on which products line the shelves of grocery stores, co-ops, and niche markets. Public unrest with regard to the environmental, animal welfare, food purity, and human health impacts of agricultural production practices have led to the rise of unconventionally produced (UP) food products. While the sales of UP foods is increasing, studies regarding the qualities of such products that impact consumer purchases have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined students’ perceptions of sensory aspects of conventionally produced (CP) and UP foods to better understand how sensory aspects impact decisions to purchase. Students reported consistent perceptions regarding …

Combined Xenon Hydrate Formation And Freezing For Preservation Of Plant And Fruit Tissues, Thunyaboon Arunyanart

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research aimed to study a combined method of xenon hydrate formation and freezing (CXF) for preservation of plant and fruit tissues, and to compare CXF with the freezing alone process (FAP). The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique based on proton spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of water to indicate freezing damage in plant and fruit tissues was also proposed. Due to its simple tissue composition, barley coleoptile tissue was used in this study so that xenon hydrate formation can be easily observed. Apple parenchyma tissue was used to represent edible fruit tissue. CXF includes two steps. The first …

Effectiveness Of A Farm Field Trip, Bonnie S. Sigmon

Theses and Dissertations--Community & Leadership Development

The annual Sigmon Farm Tour was started in 1992 as an agricultural education program where students could experience being on a farm with the goal of increasing the agricultural literacy levels of the participants. Every year the entire 4th grade student population of Rockcastle County spends the day touring the farm and participating in experiential mini lessons given by the cooperating farm service and health agencies. The program has continued for 20+ years without an evaluation as to whether it is achieving its objectives. This evaluation will also exhibit the programs strengths and weakness so it can continue to improve. …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium-Infected Pigs With Different Shedding Levels Exhibit Distinct Clinical, Peripheral Cytokine And Transcriptomic Immune Response Phenotypes, Susan Knetter, Shawn Bearson, Ting-Hua Huang, Dason Kurkiewicz, Martine Schroyen, Dan Nettleton, Daniel Berman, Valorie Cohen, Joan Lunney, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Michael Wannemuehler, Christopher Tuggle

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Foodborne salmonellosis costs the US $2.7 billion/year, including $100.0 million in annual losses to pork producers. Pigs colonized with Salmonella are usually asymptomatic with varied severity and duration of fecal shedding. Thus, understanding the responses that result in less shedding may provide a mechanism for control. Fifty-four pigs were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and clinical signs, fecal ST shedding, growth performance, peripheral cytokines and whole blood gene expression were measured. Persistently shedding (PS) pigs had longer pyrexia and elevated serum IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-ϒcompared with low shedding (LS) pigs, while LS pigs had brief pyrexia, less shedding …

Update Of The Who/Iuis Allergen Nomenclature Database Based On Analysis Of Allergen Sequences, C. Radauer, A. Nandy, F. Ferreira, Richard E. Goodman, J. N. Larsen, J. Lidholm, A. Pomés, M. Raulf-Heimsoth, P. Rozynek, W. R. Thomas, Heimo Breiteneder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee, under the auspices of the World Health Organization and the International Union of Immunological Societies, maintains the systematic nomenclature of allergenic proteins and publishes a database of approved allergen names on its Web site, www.allergen.org. In this paper, we summarize updates of allergen names approved at the meetings of the committee in 2011 through 2013. These changes reflect recent progress in identification, cloning, and sequencing of allergens. The goals of this update were to increase consistency in the classification of allergens, isoallergens, and variants and in the incorporation of the evolutionary classification of proteins into …

Grain Sorghum Whole Kernel Oil Lowers Plasma And Liver Cholesterol In Male Hamsters With Minimal Wax Involvement, Bo Hyun Lee, Thomas M. Carr, Curtis Weller, Susan L. Cuppett, Ismail M. Dweikat, Vicki Schlegel

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The lipid fraction of the grain sorghum whole kernel (GS-WK) (i.e., phytosterol rich oil or policosanol rich wax) responsible for lowering cholesterol in hamsters fed the crude lipid (wax + oil) was determined. As expected, hamsters fed an atherogenic diet for a four week period presented with higher plasma non-HDL plasma and liver esterified cholesterol than those on the low fat diet. However, the atherogenic diet containing 5% (w/w) oil significantly lowered non-HDL plasma and liver cholesterol. Although the 5% wax supplement did not affect either plasma or liver cholesterol, excreted neutral sterol and bile acid were slightly higher than …

Investigation Of Bacterial Diversity In The Feces Of Cattle Fed Different Diets, M. Kim, J. Kim, L. A. Kuehn, J. L. Bono, E. D. Berry, N. Kalchayanand, Harvey C. Freetly, Andrew K. Benson, J. E. Wells

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study is to investigate individual animal variation of bovine fecal microbiota including as affected by diets. Fecal samples were collected from 426 cattle fed 1 of 3 diets typically fed to feedlot cattle: 1) 143 steers fed finishing diet (83% dry-rolled corn, 13% corn silage, and 4% supplement), 2) 147 steers fed late growing diet (66% dry-rolled corn, 26% corn silage, and 8% supplement), and 3) 136 heifers fed early growing diet (70% corn silage and 30% alfalfa haylage). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were determined from individual fecal samples using next-generation pyrosequencing technology. A total …

Activation Of Autophagy And Ampk By Gamma-Tocotrienol Suppresses The Adipogenesis In Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells, Lu Zhao, Jung-Heun Ha, Meshail Okla, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Scope: This study investigated the mechanistic details by which gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3) manipulates adipocyte differentiation in human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs).

Methods and results: γ-T3 specifically inhibited the early stage of adipocyte differentiation by acting on downstream of C/EBP-β but upstream of C/EBP-α in hASCs. In searching a potential mechanism, we identified that γ-T3 promoted two catabolic signaling pathways: (i) AMP kinase (AMPK), and (ii) enhanced autophagy, as assessed by autophagic flux and cytosolic autophagosome (LC3II) accumulation. In addition, chronic exposure of γ-T3 induced caspase3-mediated apoptotic cell death. The blockage of AMPK by a dominant negative mutant of …

Development And Evolution Of Risk Assessment For Food Allergens, Rene W. R. Crevel, Joseph Baumert, Athanasia Baka, Geert Houben, André C. Knulst, Astrid Kruizinga, Stefano Luccioli, Stephen L. Taylor, Charlotte B. Madsen

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The need to assess the risk from food allergens derives directly from the need to manage effectively this food safety hazard. Work spanning the last two decades dispelled the initial thinking that food allergens were so unique that the risk they posed was not amenable to established risk assessment approaches and methodologies. Food allergens possess some unique characteristics, which make a simple safety assessment approach based on the establishment of absolute population thresholds inadequate. Dose distribution modelling of MEDs permitted the quantification of the risk of reaction at the population level and has been readily integrated with consumption and contamination …

Translating Reference Doses Into Allergen Management Practice: Challenges For Stakeholders, René W. R. Crevel, Joseph Baumert, Stefano Luccioli, Athanasia Baka, Sue Hattersley, Jonathan O.B. Hourihane, Stefan Ronsmans, Frans Timmermans, Rachel Ward, Yong-Joo Chung

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Risk assessment describes the impact of a particular hazard as a function of dose and exposure. It forms the foundation of risk management and contributes to the overall decision-making process, but is not its endpoint. This paper outlines a risk analysis framework to underpin decision-making in the area of allergen cross-contact. Specifically, it identifies challenges relevant to each component of the risk analysis: risk assessment (data gaps and output interpretation); risk management (clear and realistic objectives); and risk communication (clear articulation of risk and benefit). Translation of the outputs from risk assessment models into risk management measures must be informed …

Repeated Cooking And Freezing Of Whole Wheat Flour Increases Resistant Starch With Beneficial Impacts On In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Properties, Jennifer A. Arcila, Devin J. Rose

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) has shown benefits to gastrointestinal health, but it is present in only small amounts in most grain-based foods. The purpose of this study was to increase RS in whole wheat flour to improve its potential health benefits. Zero to 7 cycles of cooking (20 min, boiling water) and freezing (−18 °C, 23 h) of whole wheat flour in water (1:15 %w/v) were performed. Increasing cooking–freezing cycles increased RS from 1.03 to 8.07% during in vitro starch digestion. During in vitro fecal fermentation, increasing cooking–freezing cycles increased short chain fatty acids, mainly propionate. Increases in butyrate were also …

Investigation Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids In Foods Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Caroline Griffin

PhDs

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are known plant toxins which can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) in both humans and livestock when ingested. Although PAs are primarily known for their hepatotoxicity they also induce genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and pneumotoxicity. PAs are consumed through plants as food, for medicinal purposes, or as contaminants of agricultural crops. Aside from ingesting the plants directly PA exposure may occur through the consumption of honey produced by bees that visit PA-containing plants or by drinking milk produced by animals that have consumed PA-containing plants. Possible PA contamination in our food chain is a potential health risk.

To assess …

Genome -Scale Reconstruction Of Metabolic Networks Of Lactobacillus Casei Atcc 334 And 12a, Elena Vinay-Lara, Joshua J. Hamilton, Buffy Stahl, Jeff Broadbent, Jennifer L. Reed, James L. Steele

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Lactobacillus casei strains are widely used in industry and the utility of this organism in these industrial applications is straindependent. Hence, tools capable of predicting strain specific phenotypes would have utility in the selection of strains forspecific industrial processes. Genome-scale metabolic models can be utilized to better understand genotype-phenotyperelationships and to compare different organisms. To assist in the selection and development of strains with enhancedindustrial utility, genome-scale models for L. casei ATCC 334, a well characterized strain, and strain 12A, a corn silage isolate,were constructed. Draft models were generated from RAST genome annotations using the Model SEED database and refined …

High Fat Diet Increased Serum Glutamate Dehydrogenase More Than Chronic Acetaminophen Dosing In Female Mice, Elizabeth Ruth Behmer

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This laboratory study examined the effects of acetaminophen overdose in normal fed and high-fat fed female mice. Forty female mice were placed on normal and high-fat diets at 4 weeks old. When the mice were significantly different in weight (between 6 and 9 months old), half the mice were dosed with acetaminophen. These mice were daily given an overdose of acetaminophen for 14 days. The dose used was 300 mg/kg mouse (LD50 = 338 mg/kg). The control group was given 10 µl water/g mouse. Levels of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were measured to indicate liver damage. GDH is released from …