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Volume 3, Number 12 (December 1979), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Table of contents

Development Of An Integrated Program Of Water Reuse In A Pulp And Paper Mill, Zafar M. Chaudhri

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 11, Number 4. December 1979

The Prairie Naturalist

THE STATUS OF HERONS, EGRETS AND IBISES IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ J. T. Lokomoen

RANGE EXPANSION OF BAIRD'S SPARROW IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ H. A. Kantrud and C. A. Faanes

NESTING RECORDS OF THE WOOD THRUSH IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ S. O. Lambeth and D. O. Lambeth

SOME ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MARBLED GODWITS AND WILLETS IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ K. F. Higgins, L. M. Kirsch, M. R. Ryan and R. B. Renken

NOTES ON THE INCUBATION BEHAVIOR OF BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING DUCKS ▪ E G. Bolen and E. N. Smith

NOTES

Red Fox Captures Sharp-tailed Grouse at the Lek ▪ S. …

Impact Of Plains Pocket Gophers On Forage Production, Ronald M. Case, James L. Stubbendieck, Dale G. Luce

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The presence of pocket gophers on rangeland and farmland is highly visible due to the earth mounds which they build. The nuisance impact of their mounds and acknowledged long-term beneficial effects on soil (Laycock and Richardson 1975) result in a value which is debatable. The impact of various species of Thomomys on herbage production of rangelands has been widely reported (Fitch and Bentley 1949; Richens 1965; Turner 1969; Laycock and Richardson 1975; Alsager 1977). However, besides our studies in Nebraska, we could find no literature concerning the effect of Geomys on forage production and no literature concerning the effect of …

Ground Squirrels In The Great Plains, Bennett A. Brown

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There are 22 recognized species of ground squirrels in North America (Jones et al. 1975). All belong to the genera Spermophilus or Ammospermophilus. Some species contain as many as 14 subspecies, or races. In many cases, these subspecies are distinguished not only by morphological or distributional characters, but by behavioral differences and varying ecological strategies, as well. These latter frequently impact on the efficacy of various control methods.

Volume 3, Number 11 (November 1979), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Response Of Birds To Raptor Models, Michael R. Conover

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Today, more than ever, there is an increasing need for non-lethal methods to effec- tively control crop depredation by birds. One such method, involving the use of fear- provoking stimuli, has been used since ancient times but often with little success. If fear-provoking stimuli are to be improved, we must identify those features that are most effective and incorporate these into scare devices. Models of raptors are promising fear-provoking stimuli (Rowe 1971, Brown 1974, Messersmith 1975, Blokpoel 1976). Unfortunately, birds usually habituate to these models rather quickly. More efficient models have not been devised, in part because of the lack …

Setting Up An Effective Urban Blackbird Roost Control Program, Sally S. Erdman

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The City of Denton is situated 35 miles north of north-central Texas. This area is within one of the major N-S corridors for migratory birds. It is also far enough south so that winters are generally mild and open. The average rainfall of 30 inches sustains good stands of pecan and several species of oak, which serve as excellent roost sites for blackbirds. For the past several years, summering flocks of blackbirds have chosen Denton as a roosting site. Interviews with oldtimers here indicate that flocks of birds have always been around. It is only in recent years that their …

The Attractiveness Of Shredded Garbage To Gulls And Other Avian Species Potentially Hazardous To Aircraft, Dennis M. Forsythe

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The bird-aircraft strike hazard is a world-wide problem resulting in human fatalities and aircraft damage. Although the exact cost of bird damage is difficult to obtain, United States Air Force losses are estimated at over $10 million per year (Harrison 1976). Collisions between birds and aircrafts occur either enroute or when planes are landing or taking off at airports. Most of these collisions are due to large flocks of birds attracted to the vicinity by food, shelter, or water (Solman 1971). Solid waste disposal sites are an abundant food source for many hazardous bird species, especially gulls and blackbirds; and …

Public Health Problems: Tge, P. M. Gough, J. W. Beyer, R. D. Jorgenson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is one of the five major diseases of concern to pork producers. The virus that causes the disease has an affinity for absorptive epithelial cells of the villi of the small intestine, primarily the jejunum. Infected cells are sloughed off, and the loss of absorptive activity results in salt imbalance, hyperkalemia, and dehydration in the pig. Death occurs in 60 to 100% of the diseased infant pigs. Two forms of TGE exist in the United States: an enzootic form that has only recently been recognized as a serious problem, and an epidemic form that was first identified …

Summary Of Methiocarb Trials Against Pest Birds In Senegal, Richard L. Bruggers

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Several species of granivorous birds are responsible for damage to cereal crops in Senegal. Palearctic migrants, such as ruffs (Philomachus pugnax), godwits (Limosa limosa), and waterfowl damage newly sown rice seed or germinating plants. The main pests to ripening cereals are the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea), black-headed weavers (Ploceus melanocephalus), village weavers (P. cucullatus), and golden sparrows (Passer luteus). Starlings (Lamprotornis chalybaeus), bishops (Euplectes spp.), parakeets (Psittacula kramerii), and doves (Streptopelia spp.), are often locally abundant pests. The communal roosting and nesting habits of only two of these approximately 10 species, quelea and golden sparrows, makes them susceptible to the …

Perches Coated With Glue Reduce Bird Damage In Ricefield Plots, Russell F. Reidinger Jr., Justiniano L. Libay

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Although national losses are unknown, bird damage is a chronic problem for many Filipino rice farmers and is sometimes a severe problem within localized areas. Three species of Philippine weavers (Lonchura malacca, L. leucogaster, and L. punctulata) are common pests; and other birds such as sparrows, parrots, and even ducks contribute to crop losses. Post seedling damage by Philippine weavers, the focus of this study, usually occurs from the milky to the early maturing stages of rice growth. At this time, the birds arrive in flocks, alight within the fields, and squeeze "milk" from the developing seeds or hull the …

Late-Summer Feeding Patterns Of Red-Winged Blackbirds In A Sunflower-Growing Area Of North Dakota, Jerome F. Besser, William J. Berg, C. Edward Knittle

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

During August and September in 1977 and 1978, we monitored the feeding patterns of radio-equipped, male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and associated blackbird flocks in the vicinity of Fuller’s Lake Waterfowl Production Area in Steele County in east-central North Dakota. Fuller’s Lake, a cattail marsh of about 1,000 acres (405 ha), serves as the main roosting area for a blackbird assemblage that, for the past seven years in late summer, has numbered from 100,000 in wet years to more than 750,000 in dry years. Sunflower is an important crop in the Fuller’s Lake area, being grown on about 20 percent …

Blackbird And Starling Roosting Dynamics: Mplications For Animal Damage Control, Theodore A. Bookhouts, Stephen B. White

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Each winter an estimated 350 million starlings, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) congregate in roosts in the southeastern United States (Meanley 1971, Meanley and Royall 1976). These birds have been of increasing concern because of agricultural damage claims (Stickley et al. 1976, Dolbeer et al. 1978), reputed health hazards (Monroe and Cronholm 1977), and other nuisance problems associated with them. Historical population trends (Dolbeer and Stehn 1979) and the source of winter-roosting blackbirds (Meanley 1971, Meanley and Dolbeer 1978, and Dolbeer 1978) have been summarized, but little information on the number of …

Dispersal Patterns And Habitat Relationships Of Roosting And Flocking Red-Winged Blackbirds, Ronnie J. Johnson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) dispersal patterns from a communal roost and associated habitat relationships were studied in central New York State during summer and fall, 1976 and 1977. Density of foraging birds in a 10° sector out to 48 km from a roost was highest at 10 km. The greatest density of after-hatching-year (AHY) males occurred at approximately 10 km; of hatching-year (HY) birds, males and females, at approximately 18 km. HY females generally foraged further than did HY males, as well as further than AHY males. Relative proportions of each habitat type and arrangement pattern of habitats were mapped …

Seasonal, Habitat And Sex-Specific Patterns Of Food Utilization By Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceous) In Eastern Ontario And Their Economic Importance, Donald K. Mcnichol, Raleigh J. Robertson, Patrick J. Weatherhead

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Crop depredation by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) causes serious economic losses to agricultural crops each year in both Canada and the United States. The concentration of vulnerable, monocultural crops, particularly corn, during periods when large flocks of blackbirds congregate in roosting areas prior to migration has invariably led to heavy feeding pressure (Stone et al., 1972; Wiens and Dyer, 1975; Tyler et al., 1978). Efforts to reduce damage levels by mechanical and chemical dispersal agents have been largely unsuccessful, at least in terms of a long-term solution to the problem. Recently, the lethal control of blackbird populations using surfactants has …

On The Feasibility Of Surfactants As A Blackbird Management Tool In Quebec, Patrick J. Weatherhead, J. R. Bider, Robert G. Clark

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The use of surfactants to reduce winter roosting blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the southeastern United States attracted considerable attention several years ago. At that time concern was expressed that more research was required to ensure that the economic losses and health hazards attributed to the birds were real and that population reduction at winter roosts was a viable solution (Jackson 1976; Robertson et al. 1978). Subsequent research has shown that these concerns were justified. In a study of the winter roost at Milan, Tennessee, Dolbeer et al. (1978) found that the only serious agricultural problems were associated …

List Of Participants: Eighth Bird Control Seminar 1979

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Participants and attendees of the Eighth Bird Control Seminar, October 30--November 1, 1979

Water Current, Volume 11, No. 6, November/December 1979

Water Current Newsletter

Search Committee for NWRC Director
Research Priorities
Water Resources Seminar Series
Summary Report on Water-Facts Computer Game
Speakers at AWRA Conference
MRBC Approves FY 1982 Priorities
Progress Report on Implementation of Water Policy Initiatives
OWRT Announces Final Distribution of FY 79 and FY 80 Matching Grant Awards
Amending Water Legislation Introduced
Interagency Task Force Lists National Priorities
208 Planning Phased Out
Research Review: Development of a Manual on Alternative Irrigation Management Practices and Their Efforts on the Environment in the Great Plains

Arbovirus Surveillance In Ohio -- 1979 Update, Richard L. Berry, Margaret A. Parsons

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) has maintained an arbovirus surveillance pro- gram since 1964, when the Vector-borne Disease Unit was formed to survey and study California encephalitis epidemiology in Ohio. Since 1975, a major part of the surveillance program has been devoted to St. Louis encephalitis. Both of these diseases have viruses as the causative agent of illness. Both have specific mosquito vectors, and both are classified as zoonotic diseases in that they are primarily diseases of wild vertebrates, transmissible to man -- in this case, only by the bite of an infected mosquito. The vertebrate reservoirs of California …

Pigeon Associated People Diseases, Walter Weber

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) are not harmless birds. Many potential infections of humans silently exist in pigeons which are not apparent. They have the potential for transmission of over 30 diseases to humans plus another ten to domestic animals. Environmental pollution from pigeon droppings is quite evident. Air pollution involves more than noxious gases from automobile exhausts and belching smokestacks. One serious air pollutant is air-borne fungi, which are agents for infectious diseases. There is much information written about the problem, but it remains primarily in the professional journals and technical references, neatly stacked away on library shelves. …

New Developments In Bird Resistant Sorghums, Roger W. Bullard

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In recent years there has been a major shift of emphasis from lethal to nonlethal methods of controlling bird damage to agricultural crops. In addition to being unpopular, killing large number of birds has generally been ineffective because of rapid recovery of populations. Consequently, most of the methods that are now being investigated emphasize crop protection. Since sorghums are especially vulnerable to bird damage, considerable effort has been expended in the past 20 years to develop varieties that have morphological or chemical characteristics which are resistant to bird damage (Harris, 1969; Tipton et al., 1970; McMillian et al., 1972). Some …

Proceedings Eighth Bird Control Seminar: Frontmatter And Contents

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio; 30 October - 1 November 1979
SPONSORED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CENTER, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND NATIONAL PEST CONTROL ASSOCIATION VIENNA, VIRGINIA

DR. WILLIAM B. JACKSON, Conference Chairman and Editor
SHIRLEY S. JACKSON and BETH A. JACKSON, Assistant Editors

Review Of Avian Mortality Due To Collisions With Manmade Structures, Michael L. Avery

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Birds have undoubtedly been colliding with manmade structures ever since humans started building things skyward. The earliest documented instances of collision mortali- ty in this country are from the late 1800's (Coues 1876, Merriam 1885) and the problems continue unabated today. The total avian mortality due to collisions with manmade obstacles is probably greater every year as buildings, towers, chimneys, overhead power lines, and other structures are erected in ever-increasing numbers. Weir (1976) provides an excellent review of bird migration, weather, and collision mortality associated with various types of structures.
The biological significance of collision mortality to any species is …

Bird Control And Endangered Species, Denis S. Case

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The potential exists for a conflict to occur between endangered species and almost any type of human endeavor. Detrimental effects on endangered species are possible even as a result of efforts to benefit other endangered species. The types of possible conflicts range from potential problems that are easily solved in early planning processes to major brouhahas involving nearly every conceivable agency and party. Relative to bird control, it is important to understand the true magnitude of the situa- tion and to develop a factual perspective. According to Ziswiler (1967), 169 species and subspecies of birds have become extinct since the …

A Report On Efficacy Of Methiocarb As An Avian Repellent In Figs And Results Of Industry-Wide Bird Damage Assessments, A. Charles Crabb

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

California fig producers annually incur serious economic losses from bird damage to their early maturing Black Mission fig crop. During the 1976 growing season, the avian repellent methiocarb was tested to determine its effectiveness in reducing bird damage to figs. A number of problems developed in those trials which made the results difficult to interpret. With what was learned in the 1976 trials, a more intensive study was plan- ned with cooperation between the Fresno County Department of Agriculture, California Fig Institute, University of California at Davis, California State Department of Food and Agriculture, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, …

Drc-1339 And Drc-2698 Residues In Starlings: Preliminary Evaluation Of Their Effects On Secondary Hazard Potential, D. J. Cunningham, E. W. Schafer Jr., L. K. Mcconnell

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylbenzenamine HCI) is the active ingredient in Starlicide Complete, a commercial bait used to control starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at animal feedlots throughout the U.S. Because of the recent widespread use of this product, par- ticularly within the wintering range of many raptors, they and other avian or mammalian scavenger or predator species may be exposed to large numbers of dead or dying star- lings and blackbirds (Icteridae) throughout the winter roosting season (November-March). Acute toxicity data are available for five species of raptors and a number of mammals indicating that DRC-1339 or its primary toxic metabolite DRC-2698 (N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) acetamide, …

Mesurol As A Bird Repellent On Grapes In Ohio, Hailu Kassa, Willaim B. Jackson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Schafer and Brunton (1971) determined that methiocarb [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate] was efficaceous as a bird repellent, reporting low R50 and LD50 values for several bird species. Guarino (1972) suggested that bird damage to corn, soybeans, rice, sorghum, cherries, and grapes could be reduced by spraying with methiocarb. Crase and DeHaven (1976) concluded that methiocarb could be an effective broad-spectrum bird repellent and crop protectant. Bollengier et al. (1973), Stone et al. (1974), Ali (1978), Teklehaimanot (1978), and Jackson et al. (1978) reported that bird damage to blueberries was significantly lower in methiocarb-treated fields than in the untreated fields. Rogers (1974) describes …

Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large winter roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often cause conflicts, both real and imagined, between the birds and local human popula- tions. These conflicts may range from objections to the noise and odor engendered by thousands or millions of birds, to fear of epidemic human and livestock diseases, and the possibility of economic losses from crop depredations. Many people believe the most direct way to combat these conflicts is to reduce local roosting populations by kill- ing the birds. In response to this perceived need for a roost toxicant, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) developed …