Digital Commons Network^™

Improving Design Criteria For Septic Tank Systems, Dee Mitchell

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The failure of septic tanks in treatment of wastewater has been responsible for causing health hazards due to contamination and pollution of groundwater and surface waters used for drinking water supplies. Most of these failures have been in the absorption field. Little or no actual research has been performed to establish design criteria for septic tank absorption fields to be used by local, state or federal Health Agencies or Pollution Control Agencies. Historically, almost all design criteria has beed based on a percolation test and the number of bedrooms to be served. Both of these methods have repeatedly been shown …

Statistical Models For Precipitation, Z. Govindarajulu, Peter Purdue, Frank Cioch

KWRRI Research Reports

The available data consists of daily rainfall for the past 24 years (1948-1972) for Lexington, Louisville and Paducah. However, for Ashland, the data is available for the period of 40 years (1932-1972). The problem is to find an appropriate family of distributions indexed by a suitable number of parameters that fits the maximum daily rainfall. Further, there might be seasonal variations. The following seasons were considered: (i) Dry Convective season: August 1-0ctober 30; (ii) Early Convective season: May 1-July 31; (iii) Late Convective season: November 1- April 30. After extracting the yearly maximums for each of these seasons (see Appendix …

Legal Institutions For The Allocation Of Water And Their Impact On Coal Conversion Operations In Kentucky, Richard C. Ausness, Gary W. Callahan, Steven W. Dills, Bill H. Flynn, John S. Gillig

KWRRI Research Reports

The conversion of coal into other types of fuel through gasification and liquefaction has been proposed as a means of coping with America's increasing energy needs. Coal conversion plants require large quantities of water for cooling purposes and for use as a raw material.

There are three types of water allocation presently used in the United States, riparianism, prior appropriation, and administrative permit systems. The common law riparian system is undesirable because under it water rights are insecure and subject to locational use restrictions. Prior appropriation is better, but the permanent water right created under this system results in excessive …

Water Current, Volume 8, No. 4, July/August 1976

Water Current Newsletter

Conference on Non-Point Planning
Conference on Rural Water Problems
EPA Proposes Allocation of Water Planning Funds
House Subcommittee Considers Easing Irrigation Limitation
Symposium on Soil Water Parameters in the Unsaturated Zone
Irrigation Conference Scheduled
Research Review: The Production of Mucilage by Diatoms in McConaughy, Pawnee and Yankee Hill Lakes and the Rold of this Material in the Aquatic Environment O'Meara to Head NWRA

An Aqueous Environmental Simulation Model For Mid-South Lakes And Reservoirs, Louis J. Thibodeaux

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Quantitative relationships and associated computer program has been developed to simulate some of the major physical, chemical and biological processes occuring within the aqueous phase of lakes and reservoirs. The model was developed, in part, to study the eutrophic development of these water bodies. Emphasis is upon lakes in the Mid-South U.S.A. The physical model reflects the general environment in this region and includes a single stratified period. The chemical subsystem includes nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon. The biological subsystem includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, omnivorous fish, carnivorous fish and aerobic bacteria. The model differential equations are solved numerically with the IBM …

Presumpscot River Basin - Cumberland County Tidewater Water Quality Management Plan, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Presumpscot River Basin - Cumberland County Tidewater Water Quality Management Plan

Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Division of Water Quality Evaluation and Planning, August, Maine (June 1976).

"Prepared pursuant to Section 303 (e) of the Federal Water Pollution Act Amendments of 1972"

Contents: Letter of Transmittal / Table of Contents / Appendices and Tables / I. Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations / II. Introduction / III. Water Quality / IV. Planning Activities / Appendices / Tables

Innovative Wind Machines, Executive Summary And Final Report, United States, Energy Research And Development Administration, Division Of Solar Energy

Fuel Sources

The work reported herein was supported by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration through the National Science Foundation, and represents an initial evaluation of two innovative wind machines. The first is a vortex concentrator, which is a vertical wing placed in the natural wind in a way that a strong wing tip vortex occurs; a turbine is then placed behind the wing tip in the concentrated energy region of the vortex to convert the energy to more directly-useful forms. The second concept involves a vertical axis turbine with straight blades; the blades are composed of special circulation controlled airfoils …

Development Of A Water Quality Simulation Model Applicable To Great Salt Lake, Utah, Craig T. Jones, Calvin G. Clyde, William J. Grenney, J. Paul Riley

Reports

The development of a model capable of predicting the long term (seasonal) . distribution of water quality constituents within Great Salt Lake was undertaken as a portion of the ongoing Great Salt Lake project at Utah State University. The overall goal of the project is the development of a modeling framework to assist relevant decision making bodies in the comprehensive management of the Great Salt Lake system. Phase I of the project provided the overall structural framework for management of the Great Salt Lake system, identified data needs, and established priorities for the development of submodels for incorporation into the …

An Energy Accounting Evaluation Of Several Alternatives For Hydropower And Geothermal Development, J. Clair Batty, J. Paul Riley, William J. Grenney, David A. Bell

Reports

Alternative management strategies for hydropower and geothermal development are myriad. This study does not attempt to evaluate or even summarize the many schemes which are possible. In an era of plentiful natural resources, economic analysis procedures for selecting a particular alternative have been developed which traditionally have tended to optimize on the basis of capital and labor. The approach taken in this study is based on the notion of optimum deployment of finite resources. A legitimate question which this study has attempted to address is: Does the construction of large water management facilities, such as hydropower dams, which involve huge …

The Effects On Agriculture In Utah Of Water Transfers To Oil Shale Development, B. Delworth Gardner, Kenneth S. Lyon, Roger O. Tew

Reports

In Part I the institutional factors affecting water distribution in the Upper Colorado River Basin in general and specifically the Uintah Basin are presented. The historical development of the appropriation doctrine of water allocation is outlined and Utah water policy is examined. These institutional factors are analyzed in light of the prototype oil shale development in the Uintah Basin and potential impact on the area's agricultural sector. Oil shale water estimates are compared with Uintah Basin water availability and examined with regard to population projections and municipal water use. Lastly, Utah water policy and the appropriation doctrine are viewed as …

Hydrodynamic Separation Of Solids From Solid-Liquid Mixtures, Harry J. Sterling Jr., Don J. Wood

KWRRI Research Reports

Several schemes for separating solid pollutants from water flowing in a closed conduit were examined. Separation based on the momentum differential between the solids and liquids and the centrifugal movement of a conveying liquid were both examined under turbulent flow conditions. The study indicated these processes to have limited applications, primarily due to the difficulties in withdrawing a significant fraction of separated flow and the deleterious effects of turbulent mixing. However, utilization of the differential momentum of solid particles and water when flowing laminarly through a pipe was found to be a viable separation scheme. Significant experimental separations (greater than …

Federal/State Coordination In Coastal Permitting Procedures, James H. Asthalter

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In 1972 Congress passed the Coastal Zone Management Act. Under Section 302 of the act Congress found that "there is a national interest in effective management, beneficial use, protection and development of the coastal zone." To this end, Congress in Section 303 declared that there is a national policy (a) to preserve, protect, develop and, where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations, (b) to encourage and assist the states to exercise effectively their responsibilities in the coastal zone through development and implementation of management programs to achieve wise use …

Water Current, Volume 8, No. 3, May/June 1976

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Summer Institute Planned
Research Technologist Hired
Water Research in Nebraska
Bill Introduced to Amend Water Resources Planning Act
OMB Wants "Section 80" Reviewed Again
National Commission on Water Quality Sends Recommendations to Congress
Water Assessment and Appraisal Given Top WRC Priority
Rio Grande Region: More Water Stored Underground than Above
Research Review: Physiological Aspects of Plant Water Use Efficiency

Conservation Of Natural Resources--Ecology, Economics And Energy, Harold W. Young

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Value Of The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission To Developing Nations, Georgia Cranmore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this report is to investigate the structure and functions of the IOC in order to determine its statutory authority to serve developing nations; to evaluate its current and potential activities in terms of the specific requirements of less scientifically developed countries; and to suggest changes in operation and attitude needed to advance the IOC's stated purpose; the international promotion of marine science.

The Cost Of Environmental Protection: A Review, Ian T. Ball

IUSTITIA

Dan Richardson's study is "an attempt to analyze present regulatory procedures in the New Jersey coastal zone, with an emphasis on the cost of these procedures to residential developers and housing consumers." Specifically, twenty-one residential developments in a coastal township were monitored from acquisition of land to final approval of the development proposal, and the costs of regulatory approvals, consulting engineering, legal, and governmental fees, as well as holding costs incurred by the developer, were itemized. The costs of the regulatory process were then broken down according to costs incurred during the local regulatory process and those costs resulting from …

Wind-Powered Hydrogen Electric Systems For Farm And Rural Use, Final Report, United States Department Of Energy

Agriculture

The objective of this study has been to determine the current technology of a wind-energy conversion system (WECS) of minimal cost for rural applications. Specifically, IGT has evaluated available methods for converting shaft horse-power from a wind turbine to electricity and hydrogen. A workable mix of these two energy forms with storage that can support the energy needs of selected farming operations and the rural home was sought.

Energy load patterns of several farming operations were examined for interfacing with the energy storage and delivery systems that are supplied by wind turbines dependent on the prevalent winds. Several preliminary designs …

Ua12/2/19 Earth Week, Energy For Student Awareness

WKU Administration Documents

Newspaper created by the Energy for Student Awareness group regarding Earth Week and environmental issues.

Ua77/1 Western Alumnus, Vol. 45, No. 1, Wku Alumni Relations

WKU Administration Documents

WKU alumni magazine. Features the following articles:

• Relevance - Western Environmental Programs
• The Environmental Sciences & Technology Building
• Snodgrass, Jim. Environmental Education
• Hurst, Teri. Carpooling - The Energy Saver
• Henderson, Ray. A Piece of the Rock - Football
• Mud, Rice and Camellias
• Conlin, Bill. Hilltoppers Classy Club - Football
• Feix, Jimmy. Western Pays Its Tribute to This Dear & Gentle Man - Nick Denes
• Bruce, Don. Teacher of the Year - Paula Morgan
• Ward, Robert. Letters from Ireland
• Conway, Sheila. A Dream Come True - Randy Yeager
• Remember When? - Faculty Photograph
• Governor Julian Carroll Honors Dr. L.Y. Lancaster for …

Cost-Benefit Considerations In Routing Pipelines Through Offshore Fishing Grounds, James R. Sturges

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this work is to explore the technology and economics associated with the options which might be used to transport oil from Georges Bank with the least total cost objective in mind. First, we summarize background information on the existing usage of Georges Bank by fishermen and those offshore areas of greatest interest to the oil industry. A consideration of various alternatives of transportation to shore and their relative costs (and benefits) should allow one to get a handle, approximate as it may be, on which might be best for society as a whole in terms of least …

A Systems Study Of Oil Pollution Abatement And Control For Portland Inner And Outer Harbor, Casco Bay, Maine, Arthur D. Little, Inc.

Maine Collection

A Systems Study of Oil Pollution Abatement and Control for Portland Inner and Outer Harbor, Casco Bay, Maine

to State of Maine, Department of Environmental Protection, State House Augusta, Maine 04330

Appropriation Number 4320-4001

by Arthur D. Little, Incorporated, 20 Acorn Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (March 15, 1976).

Contents: Executive Summary / 1. Introduction / 2. Identification of Vulnerable Resources / 3. Potential Oil Spill Locations / 4. Oil Spill Movement / 5. Containment and Disposal Systems / 6. Oil Monitoring Systems / 7. Marine Navigation In Portland Inner and Outer Harbors / Appendices

Water Current, Volume 8, No. 2, March/April 1976

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
NWRRI Research Seminar
Water Resources Activities - Agency Overview
AEEP Distinguished Foreign Lecturer
Water Research in Nebraska
Agreement Signed Between WRC and ERDA
Government's Water Pollution Program Questioned
Coal and the Powder River Basin: Five-State Groundwater Study Underway
Research Review

Evaluation Of Urban Rodent Infestations—An Approach In Nepal, Stephen C. Frantz, John P. Comings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Studies in urban areas have shown that food and shelter are primary environmental factors regulating rodent population growth. These supportive resources can be modified to reduce urban rodent damage; however, widespread adoption of environmental control techniques will require a thorough understanding of rodent-man interrelationships. This study was concerned with what factors should be monitored for making rational ecological decisions on the necessity of rodent management, establishment of priorities, choice of appropriate strategies and evaluation of effectiveness. Guidelines are given for comprehensive monitoring of habitats (social, structural and sanitary factors) and rodent populations (habitat requirements, growth characteristics and zoonosis potential).

The Use Of Aircraft In Predator Control, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Private aerial hunting of predators for protection of livestock began before 1925 in the western United States. Apparently, it was first used in professional control programs in 1942. Inclement weather, dense vegetation and rough terrain are limiting factors and helicopters are more versatile than fixed-wing aircraft. When it can be employed, aerial hunting is unsurpassed as an immediate control method where livestock losses are severe and the need for control is urgent.

Some Of The Effects Of Domestic Sewage Discharged Into Hickman And Jessamine Creeks In Jessamine County, Kentucky, Henry H. Howell, Mike W. Jones, Robert A. Kuehne

KWRRI Research Reports

A 6-week study was made in the summer of 1971 as an initial effort to determine the extent of pollution that the three sewage disposal plants in Jessamine County, Kentucky, are contributing to its streams. With the rapid population increase in Lexington and nearby municipalities, this study should furnish a basis of comparison for future investigations. Eighteen collecting stations were established in riffle areas of Hickman and Jessamine Creeks, and coliform bacteria, macro-invertebrate populations, fish populations and chemical water quality of each riffle area were studied.

Hickman Creek's flow was augmented by approximately 3,100,000 gallons/day (11,735 -m³/day) from …

Bear River Basin Type Iv Study: Economic Base Appendix Report, United States Department Of Agriculture

Elusive Documents

A collection of tables relating to the Bear River Basin Type IV Study relating the economic variables to be considered.

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Constraints On Primary Production In The Great Basin Desert, J. J. Jurinak, D. W. James, A. Van Luik

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Gas Exchange And Productivity Of Sonoran Desert Shrubs, S. R. Szarek, R. M. Woodhouse

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of Evapotranspiration With A Monolith Lysimeter, D. W. Young, D. D. Evans, T. W. Sammis, C. Constant

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System, Volume Iv - The Effects Upon The Benthic Associations, Louise Russert Kraemer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The huge and increasing volume of dredged materials being moved in and from the bottoms of waterways of the U.S. is probably well known to the reader. Lee and Plumb (1974) distinguish between the 2 forms of dredging: (1) mining the bottom sediments (as in shell dredging), and (2) developing and maintaining navigable waterways. They indicate some 380,000,000 cubic yards are dredged annually in this country; maintenance dredging accounting for about 80,000,000 cy, and new construction for about 300,000,000 cy.* These figures (based on 5 yr. averages) do not include dredging by private companies. Smith (1975) comments: "With federal dredging …