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Trip Dk01 - Perc Pll Trip Dk01 - Jun-July 2020 Set 2, David Kerstetter, Sean T. Wilms, Brittany N. Savercool, Ellyn Willse

PERC Pelagic Longline Field Datasheets

Field datasheets from pelagic longline sets in the western North Atlantic from 2020-2022.

Trip Dk01 - Perc Pll Trip Dk01 - Jun-July 2020 Trip Data, David Kerstetter, Sean T. Wilms, Brittany N. Savercool, Ellyn Willse

PERC Pelagic Longline Field Datasheets

Field datasheets from pelagic longline sets in the western North Atlantic from 2020-2022.

Host Plant Resistance In Strawberries To Anthracnose And Colonization Of Crown And Root Tissue By Verticillium Dahliae And Macrophomina Phaseolina, Omar A. Gonzalez-Benitez

Master's Theses

Strawberries are considered an important crop in California where in 2018 it was in the top 5 valued fruit and vegetable commodities valued at $2.84 billion accounting for 88% of the total U.S. production. Strawberry production can be severely impacted by soilborne pathogens that can affect strawberry roots, crowns and leaves which can result in plant mortality. As much as 50 to 60% mortality can occur in one field. Pathogens responsible for such losses include Colletotrichum acutatum (syn.C. nymphaeae), Macrophomina phaseolina and Verticillium dahliae. With the phaseout of methyl bromide, host resistance and an understanding of host-pathogen interactions …

Exploring Opportunities For A New Community Garden In Santa Fe Springs, Camille Kelem

City and Regional Planning

No abstract provided.

Low Impact Development Best Management Practices Comprehensive Overview And Case Study, Graciela Rivera

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This project paper is an overview of the different types of best management practices (BMPs) that can be applied within a Low Impact Development framework. Low Impact Development (LID) is a type of stormwater management implementation that is growing in popularity. It allows developments to manage stormwater by working within established ecosystems to lessen environmental impacts. The cost and effectiveness of these practices are examined. In the first chapter, a comprehensive summary to LIDs and BMPs is presented.

The costs and effectiveness of bioretention, biofiltraion and infiltration basins, as well as permeable pavements, were studied and compared. The facility case …

Quantitative And Qualitative Approaches To Assess Tree Vigor And Stand Health In Dry Pine Forests, Nancy Grulke, Craig Bienz, Kate Hrinkevich, Jason Maxfield, Kellie Uyeda

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite a critical need to evaluate effectiveness of forest treatments in improving stand health, practitioners lack quantitative, repeatable metrics to assess tree vigor and stand health. We evaluated canopy and whole tree attributes of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Laws) related to carbon balance, water balance, and susceptibility to insects and pathogens in dry, pine-dominated forest stands during a multi-year drought, an environmental challenge to stand resilience. Metrics of trees in two unmanaged, and seven treated forested stands, in both uplands and lowlands to develop the quantitative approach. Whole tree and crown attributes including needle length and color, branchlet …

Categorizing Zonal Productivity On The Continental Shelf With Nutrient-Salinity Ratios, Jongsun Kim, Piers Chapman, Gilbert Rowe, Steven F. Dimarco

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Highlights

• Identifying riverine influence on productivity in the northern Gulf of Mexico
• Use of nutrient/salinity plots to differentiate inputs from two rivers
• Verifying Rowe-Chapman (2002) hypothesis with in situ data

Abstract

Coastal ocean productivity is often dependent on riverine sources of nutrients, yet it can be difficult to determine how far the influence of the river extends. The northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) receives freshwater and nutrients discharged mainly from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. We used nutrient/salinity relationships to (i) differentiate the nutrient inputs of the two rivers and (ii) determine the potential extent of the zones where productivity …

Potential Predictability Of Net Primary Production In The Ocean, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Matthew C. Long, J. Y. Luo, K. Lindsay, S. Yeager, Cheryl S. Harrison

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Interannual variations in marine net primary production (NPP) contribute to the variability of available living marine resources, as well as influence critical carbon cycle processes. Here we provide a global overview of near-term (1 to 10 years) potential predictability of marine NPP using a novel set of initialized retrospective decadal forecasts from an Earth System Model. Interannual variations in marine NPP are potentially predictable in many areas of the ocean 1 to 3 years in advance, from temperate waters to the tropics, showing a substantial improvement over a simple persistence forecast. However, some regions, such as the subpolar Southern Ocean, …

Soybean Response To Dicamba Exposure In Furrow Irrigation, Erin Grantz, Jung Ae Lee, Cammy Willett, Jason K. Norsworthy

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Sensitive crop exposure to residual dicamba in irrigation is a potential hazard in regions with overlapping use of transgenic dicamba-resistant crops and on-farm water storage-tailwater recovery (OFWS-TWR) systems. This field study examined non-dicamba-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for response to a dicamba dose gradient (7.6-630 g ae ha(-1)) in a furrow irrigation system. In a second study, growth stage and application timing effects were explored, with dicamba applied at 160 g ae ha(-1) in entirety to V3 or R1 soybean or split across exposure events. Plant injury 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT) increased with dose, with significant …

Risk Assessment In Waste Sampling Activity For A Selected Food Industry, Razali Nurul Syazreen

Student Works (2020-2029)

Waste sampling is one of the main activities during environmental audit. This activity has been estimated as a non-risky activity and lead to inadequate risk assessment in the activity. The purpose of this study is to create a safer workplace for enforcement body in general and DOE officer in specific during waste sampling activity. Main objectives are to identify the hazards, further assess the hazards and determine the control measure to reduce the hazards. Observation and on-the-job training have been conducted to three food industry located in Shah Alam to identify the hazards. Structured surveys were conducted with 293 participants …

The Ecological Impacts Of Changing Rainfall On The Arabian Peninsula, Zahra Ahmed M Alsomali

Civil and Environmental Theses

The Arabian Peninsula is one of the hottest and driest regions in the world, and with climate change, not only is it getting hotter, it is also getting drier. It may be that the desert species here are well-adapted to dry conditions, in which case they may be able to withstand the changes, but it may be that desert species are already challenged by the extremely dry conditions. Here, data from 167 published studies were used to look at whether desert species were living below their optimum rainfall, and to compare the findings with species in other biomes. In all …

Biological Control Of Sudden Decline Disease Of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) In The United Arab Emirates, Khawla Juma Saif Zeail Alwahshi

Theses

Date palm orchards suffer from serious diseases, including sudden decline syndrome (SDS). The fungal pathogen Fusarium solani was associated with SDS on date palm in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Application of Cidely® Top (difenoconazole and cyflufenamid) significantly inhibited the fungal mycelial growth In vitro and reduced SDS development on date palm seedlings pre-inoculated with F. solani under greenhouse conditions. This is the first report confirming that the chemical fungicide Cidely® Top is strongly effective against SDS on date palm. Fungal pathogens not only inhibit plant growth directly but also induce the plant to synthesize stress ethylene. Much of the …

Biological Control Of Fusarium Wilt In Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) In The United Arab Emirates By Endophytic Actinobacteria, Aisha Abdullah Darwish Shambeh Alblooshi

Theses

Date palm trees suffer from many various serious diseases, including sudden decline syndrome (SDS). External symptoms were characterized by whitening on one side of the rachis, progressing from the base to the apex of the leaf until the whole leaf dies; while the internal disease symptoms included reddish roots and highly coloured vascular bundles causing wilting and death of the tree. Although three Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani) were isolated from diseased root samples, the fungal pathogen F. solani was associated with SDS on date palm in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Fusarium spp. were identified …

Abundance And Distribution Of Microplastics And Phthalic Acid Esters In Selected Mangrove Areas In Peninsular Malaysia, Anuar Norkhairah

Student Works (2020-2029)

Contamination of microplastics in mangrove has been receiving growing attention as experts reckon 30 billion tonnes of plastics will accumulate in 2050. The vast increase in plastic commodities will increase microplastics abundance in mangroves as mangroves are substantially sinks and traps for plastic debris. Due to persistent properties and high surface to volume ratio of microplastics, Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) can be taken up by microplastics, representing a grave threat to the ecosystems. This study investigated the abundance and distribution of microplastics and PAEs in selected mangrove areas in Peninsular Malaysia. The objectives of this study are to identify the …

The Prairie Naturalist, Vol. 52, Issue 1, June 2020

The Prairie Naturalist

EDITOR’S NOTE • Jane E. Austin, Ph.D., Editor-in-Chief

Factors Associated with Larval Freshwater Drum Annual Peak Density in a Nebraska Irrigation Reservoir • Brett T. Miller, Brian C. Peterson, Keith D. Koupal, and Casey W. Schoenbeck

Small mammal communities in grasslands at the Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, USA • Lynda R. Lafond, Elizabeth H. Rave, and Kathryn A. Yurkonis

Evaluation of Four Larval Fish Sampling Methods in a Large Midwestern River • Nathan J. Lederman, Anthony R. Sindt, Douglas J. Dieterman, John D. Krenz, and Shannon J. Fisher

Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica) in Southwestern Roberts …

Geospatial Applications To Mitigate Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations From Impacting Surface Water Resources, Elias Rex

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) offer the ability to meet the rising demands of population growth by housing large amounts of livestock on relatively small areas of land, using medication to accelerate their maturation, and reusing waste products as fertilizers. However, there is a growing abundance of literature related to land use configurations and their effects on water resources, many of which highlight agriculture as a primary contributor of nutrients and fecal bacteria found in surrounding water resources. The purpose of this study is to advance the current knowledge surrounding CAFO land-use and its effect on tributaries within the Cape …

Characterization Of Metals And Non-Metals In The Indian Oil Sardine (Sardinella Longiceps) In The Northern United Arab Emirates, Shaima Malik

Biology Theses

The marine ecosystems of the world are especially susceptible to pollution arising from anthropogenic sources. The Arabian Gulf ecosystem is a partially enclosed hypersaline system with increasing levels of pollution arising from ongoing development in the region. Marine biota are expected to be influenced by pollutants and levels of trace elements in marine species could be indicative of increasing pollution. Bioaccumulation of 19 elements (As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, V, Zn) in 120 specimens of Indian oil sardines (Sardinella longiceps) purchased from local fish markets of …

Physical And Chemical Properties Of Soils In Gambari Forest Reserve Near Ibadan, South Western Nigeria., Akintola O. Opeyemi Dr, Bodede Idayat Adewunmi Dr, Abiola Isaac Oluwaseyi Dr

Journal of Bioresource Management

The different features of soil greatly affect the flora and vegetative diversity of a forest. The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in Onigambari Forest Reserve were evaluated to assess the fertility and productivity status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples collected from different sample locations were analyzed for soil texture (sand, silt and clay), bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and available micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). Texturally, the studied soils were loamy sand and sandy loam with percentage of sands (71.2-84.2 %), silts (7.4-10.4 %) and …

Sea Surface Microplastics: An Inshore-Offshore Gradient Off The Olympic Peninsula, Rosemary Wood

University Honors Theses

The lack of baseline data regarding plastic debris moving through and accumulating in various environmental compartments creates a vast gap in the literature for a number of reasons. These include a current lack of codified methodology to characterize microplastics both in morphology and polymer type, as well as gaps regarding contamination control & validation techniques. In September of 2019, sea surface sampling took place off the Olympic Peninsula, WA with the goal of addressing the following three research questions. First, is variability in microplastic abundance driven by transect location, distance from shore, or both? Second, how does microplastic type, in …

Art And Science: Utilizing Steam Education To Promote Empathetic Scientific Literacy And Global Citizenship, Ali Orsi Davis

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

This research expounds on the history of, hurdles facing, and future goals and possibilities for STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics) education, including how it can create empathetic, scientifically literate global citizens. Reasons for the cultivation of empathy, scientific literacy, and global citizenship in the classroom are numerous; escalating worldwide nationalism, accelerated climate change, and the increased need to address sustainable development and poverty have produced particular urgency for such student development. Science educators today rarely prioritize the “art” in STEAM education, despite a panoply of cognitive benefits including perspective-taking, critical thinking, and increased personal connection to scientific content. Development …

Simulated Mine Land Reclamation Impact On Biomass Partitioning And Nutrient Contents In Loblolly Pine, Osarumen Egharevba

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Forest productivity on reclaimed mine land is hindered by soil compaction. Different techniques have been used to alleviate the effect of compaction to various degrees of success. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) was developed in the Appalachians and has been used to improve forest productivity on reclaimed mines in this region. The FRA provides a step by step method designed to reduce compaction, control erosion, provide land stabilization and accelerate forest succession. This method had not been evaluated in the Gulf Coastal Plain, where the pan scraper reclamation method is commonly used. However, using pan scrapers increases mine soil compaction …

Challenges In Quantifying Air‐Water Carbon Dioxide Flux Using Estuarine Water Quality Data: Case Study For Chesapeake Bay, Maria Herrmann, Raymond G. Najjar, Fei Da, Jaclyn R. Friedman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Sreece Goldberger, Alana Menendez, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Edward G. Stets, Pierre St-Laurent

Publications and Research

Estuaries play an uncertain but potentially important role in the global carbon cycle via CO₂ outgassing. The uncertainty mainly stems from the paucity of studies that document the full spatial and temporal variability of estuarine surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( pCO₂). Here, we explore the potential of utilizing the abundance of pH data from historical water quality monitoring programs to fill the data void via a case study of the mainstem Chesapeake Bay (eastern United States). We calculate pCO₂ and the air-water CO₂ flux at monthly resolution from 1998 to …

Icdp Workshop On The Lake Tanganyika Scientific Drilling Project: A Late Miocene–Present Record Of Climate, Rifting, And Ecosystem Evolution From The World's Oldest Tropical Lake, James M. Russell, Philip Barker, Andrew Cohen, Sarah Ivory, Ishmael Kimirei, Christine Lane, Melanie Leng, Neema Maganza, Michael M. Mcglue, Emma Msaky, Anders Noren, Lisa Park Boush, Walter Salzburger, Christopher Scholz, Ralph Tiedemann, Shaidu Nuru, Lake Tanganyika Scientific Drilling Project Consortium

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

The Neogene and Quaternary are characterized by enormous changes in global climate and environments, including global cooling and the establishment of northern high-latitude glaciers. These changes reshaped global ecosystems, including the emergence of tropical dry forests and savannahs that are found in Africa today, which in turn may have influenced the evolution of humans and their ancestors. However, despite decades of research we lack long, continuous, well-resolved records of tropical climate, ecosystem changes, and surface processes necessary to understand their interactions and influences on evolutionary processes. Lake Tanganyika, Africa, contains the most continuous, long continental climate record from the mid-Miocene …

Storm Surges In The Bohai Sea: The Role Of Waves And Tides, Yuanyi Li, Huan Feng, Guillaume Vigouroux, Dekui Yuan, Guangyu Zhang, Xiaodi Ma, Kun Lei

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

A storm surge is a complex phenomenon in which waves, tide and current interact. Even though wind is the predominant force driving the surge, waves and tidal phase are also important factors that influence the mass and momentum transport during the surge. Devastating storm surges often occur in the Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed shallow sea in North China, due to extreme storms. However, the effects of waves on storm surges in the Bohai Sea have not been quantified and the mechanisms responsible for the higher surges that affect part of the Bohai Sea have not been thoroughly studied. In this …

From Environmental Activism To Environmental Education A Historical Overview, Evaluations And A Suggestion For A Path Forward For The Religious Institutions As Partners For A Global Green Shift, Tom Sverre Tomren

Consensus

In this article, the author shows how all the major world religions have engaged in climate and environmental activism by developing theology and practical projects for more than fifty years. Using metadata from the European Social Survey, he shows that members of all religious traditions in Europe have become increasingly positive to the environment and nature. Especially noticeable is the increased engagement of Protestant Christians. Tomren uses a case study from the Lutheran Church in Norway to show how religious actors have a great influence on their own members. Against this background, the author argues that religious institutions should see …

When Environmental Obligations Collide With State Sovereignty: An International And Sharia Law Perspective, Seyed Masoud Noori, Soheila Ebrahimi Louyeh

Consensus

This article critically reviews the notion of State sovereignty under international law and argues that to achieve eco-justice as well as sustainable development goals, a restrictive and ecological approach needs to be taken toward the principle of states’ permanent sovereignty over natural resources. Environmental sustainability requires states’ environmental obligations to be identified as erga omnes so they can be addressed toward the international community as a whole and fall within the scope of article 48 of the ILC Articles on States Responsibility. Interestingly, in complete alignment with this progressive interpretation, sustainable utilization of natural resources has a longstanding foundation in …

Genetic Biocontrol For Invasive Species, John L. Teem, Luke Alphey, Sarah Descamps, Matt P. Edgington, Owain Edwards, Neil Gemmell, Tim Harvey-Samuel, Rachel L. Melnick, Kevin P. Oh, Antoinette J. Piaggio, J. Royden Saah, Dan Schill, Paul Thomas, Trevor Smith, Andrew Roberts

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Invasive species are increasingly affecting agriculture, food, fisheries, and forestry resources throughout the world. As a result of global trade, invasive species are often introduced into new environments where they become established and cause harm to human health, agriculture, and the environment. Prevention of new introductions is a high priority for addressing the harm caused by invasive species, but unfortunately efforts to prevent new introductions do not address the economic harm that is presently manifested where invasive species have already become established. Genetic biocontrol can be defined as the release of organisms with genetic methods designed to disrupt the reproduction …

Nitrate Transport In The Unsaturated Zone, Patience Bosompemaa

Theses and Dissertations

Abundance of nitrate in the soil is a basic issue in agricultural land-use regions, causing eutrophication and pollution of water bodies. The study focuses on the role of a saturated buffer zone (SBZ) to remove nitrate from the groundwater resulting from agricultural activities. The study area is herbaceous SBZ located in central Illinois (40.614382ºN, -89.023542ºW), which lies between a stream and a farm located upgradient. The SBZ has been outfitted with an agricultural runoff treatment system that diverts tile drainage into the subsurface of the SBZ rather than discharging into the stream. Within the SBZ three experimental areas composed of …

Effect Of Parasitic Orobanche Uniflora On Sedum Plants And The Potential Implications For Urban Green Roofs, Jessica Bigger

University Honors Theses

An increasing presence of the parasitic plant Orobanche uniflora has been observed on green roofs in urban areas such as Portland, Oregon. Although little is known about these plants, they are believed to be detrimental to host plants such as sedums that grow on green roofs. Orobanche uniflora takes over the host plant’s cellular structure and uses this to take in nutrients. This poses a problem for green roof succulents because if the host plants are killed by the parasite then the green roofs will not be able to function as effectively. Green roofs may also be contributing to an …

Effects Of Climate And Land-Use Changes On Fish Catches Across Lakes At A Global Scale, Yu-Chun Kao, Mark W. Rogers, David B. Bunnell, Ian G. Cowx, Song S. Qian, Orlane Anneville, T. Douglas Beard Jr., Alexander Brinker, J. Robert Britton, René Chura-Cruz, Natasha J. Gownaris, James R. Jackson, Külli Kangur, Jeppe Kolding, Anatol A. Lukin, Abigail J. Lynch, Norman Mercado-Silva, Rodrigo Moncayo-Estrada, Friday J. Njaya, Ilia Ostrovsky, Lars G. Rudstam, Alfred L.E. Sandström, Yuichi Sato, Humberto Siguayro-Mamani, Andy Thorpe, Paul A.M. Van Zwieten, Pietro Volta, Yuyu Wang, András Weiperth, Olaf L.F. Weyl, Joelle D. Young

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Globally, our knowledge on lake fisheries is still limited despite their importance to food security and livelihoods. Here we show that fish catches can respond either positively or negatively to climate and land-use changes, by analyzing time-series data (1970–2014) for 31 lakes across five continents. We find that effects of a climate or land-use driver (e.g., air temperature) on lake environment could be relatively consistent in directions, but consequential changes in a lake-environmental factor (e.g., water temperature) could result in either increases or decreases in fish catch in a given lake. A subsequent correlation analysis indicates that reductions in fish …