Digital Commons Network^™

Financial Statement Disclosure Of Carbon Footprint Costs In The Airline Industry, Carol Anne Tuck-Riggs

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unaccountable corporate polluters profit short term at the expense of global economic sustainability. The purpose of the study was to determine if carbon dioxide (CO2) penalties on the airline emissions would result in financial statement disclosure and emission mitigation. Contributing to environmental accounting, the study was based in corporate social responsibility with a conceptual framework based on economically-centered CO2 studies. A random sample of 69 global airlines, taken from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) memberships, was stratified between EU bound and non-EU bound airlines. The research questions explored (a) the frequency mean …

Factors Affecting Emergency Manager, First Responder, And Citizen Disaster Preparedness, Tiffany Cooks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the increased frequency of natural and man-made disasters, there is a problem in the level of preparedness of emergency managers, responders, and citizens to address them. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the factors that affect these groups' preparedness to inform the development of better emergency plans to handle emergency incidences. The conceptual framework for the study was knowledge management, which was used with a grounded theory approach. The study was guided by primary research questions that focused on understanding psychological, material, temporal, organizational, and other factors that affect the preparedness of emergency managers, first …

Rural Year-Round Growing To Ameliorate A Possible Negative Effect From Climate Change, Kimberlie A. Brussa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested that, as the world population grows, food and water shortages will become even more serious issues (IPPC's 2014 predictions about the future effects of climate change (CC), Year-round growing (YRG) may provide a way for communities to extend growing seasons, expand local farm systems, and provide food year round. This case study included a detailed analysis of responses from representatives of all sectors of rural Mesa County, Colorado, regarding YRG and a local food and farm plan due to CC. The case was bounded by time (6 months of data collection) which …

A Qualitative Analysis Of Migrant Women Farmworkers' A Qualitative Analysis Of Migrant Women Farmworkers’ Perceptions Of Maternal Care Management, Stacey A. Pilling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine migrant women farmworkers' views of perinatal care management while working in the fields. Like men, women migrant farmworkers are exposed to many physical, chemical, and biological hazards that pose human health risks. However, women of childbearing age are at an increased risk of having reproductive health difficulties and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the infant mortality rate among migrant farmworkers is estimated to be twice the national average. Perinatal care is a critical factor in reducing adverse outcomes for perinatal and newborn mortality. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 migrant women farmworkers …

Economic Efficiency Of Fuel Reduction Treatments In The Home Ignition Zone To Mitigate Wildfire Risk In Montana, Usa, Howard L. Williams

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Wildland-urban interface growth and factors increasing the probability of wildfire suggest that annual spending on wildfire risk mitigation and suppression will continue to increase. With limited information about the benefits and costs of risk mitigation, land managers and homeowners may under- or over-invest in risk mitigation, where costs are disproportionate to the expected benefits of the strategy. This study accounted for expected increases in wildfire risk (due to growth of the WUI, climate change and vegetation growth) over time in Flathead County, Montana, and estimated the expected avoided loss in structure values associated with three treatment levels that would require …

Capturing The Benefits Of Restoration: Local Business Utilization And Opportunities For Growth In Northwestern Montana, Chelsea P. Mciver

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Restoration and maintenance of forests and watersheds is increasingly a focus of management on public lands and, in addition to traditional forest management activities, has the potential to contribute to the economic vitality of local, forest-dependent communities. However, research has shown that the extent to which local communities benefit from restoration and management activities is highly variable. This study seeks to understand whether local communities in northwestern Montana are capturing the benefits of these activities on public lands by analyzing federal contracting trends. Specifically, this study 1) characterizes the value and type of federal contracts along with the spatial distribution …

Cows And Plows: Science-Based Conservation For Grassland Songbirds In Agricultural Landscapes, Marisa K. Lipsey

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Temperate grasslands are among earth’s most imperiled ecosystems. In North America, steep declines of endemic songbird populations indicate that grassland loss and degradation may be approaching critical levels. Grasslands are agricultural landscapes largely (~85%) under private ownership with little formal protection status. Remaining bird populations depend on grazing lands that have not been converted to cropland. We combine regional data from a hotspot for grassland bird diversity (northeast Montana, USA; 26,500-km2) with continental data spanning the northern Great Plains (1,000,000-km2) to evaluate how land use and management influence bird distribution and abundance. Regionally, habitat used by seven grassland specialists spanned …

A Model For Determining Drivers Of Phenology In Western United States Rangelands, Joseph R. St. Peter

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Plant phenology has long been used as an indicator of climate. Recent changes in plant phenology are evidence of the influence of climate change. Modeling plant phenology has become an effective tool to understand the impacts of climate change. Using machine learning techniques I developed a modeling process for accurately predicting phenology across a diverse landscape. This model uses individual site data to set site specific climate thresholds for plant phenology. This model also identifies the limiting factors to vegetation phenology for rangelands in the western United States. NDVI remotely sensed data was used to quantify land surface phenology and …

Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Upland Plant Biodiversity And Abundance In Northeast Florida, Peter D. Maholland

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Terrestrial ecosystems in the southeastern United States have evolved with fire as a common disturbance and as a result many natural communities require the presence of fire to persist over time. Human development precludes natural fires from occurring within these communities; however, prescribed fire is considered to be a critical tool in the effort to restore fire-dependent ecosystems after decades of fire exclusion. Direct effects of fire on individual floral and faunal species as well as benefits to biodiversity at the landscape (gamma diversity) level have largely been supported in previous research. However, information on the effects of natural and …

Legacy And Opportunity In Northern Hardwood Forests, Wilfred Previant

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Northern hardwood management reflects a combination of historic exploitation, current efforts for sustainability, and a desired future condition that incorporates complexity, resiliency, and adaptability. Stand structure and species diversity were assessed at two study locations within Michigan (USA): (1) long-term northern hardwood cutting trials at the Ford Forestry Center (FFC; Michigan Technological University, USA); and (2) vernal pool habitat within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PRNL). Following the fifth cutting entry at the FFC, age structure and pre- and post-harvest relative species abundance, stocking, and volume were compared across three diameter-limit treatments, three residual basal area treatments, and an uncut control. …

การใช้แบคทีเรียบนใบพืชสำหรับกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์, จิรารัตน์ พินทอง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์เป็นสารอินทรีย์ระเหยง่ายที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพของมนุษย์ ในปัจจุบันการบำบัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ด้วยพืชกำลังได้รับความสนใจ เพราะเป็นมิตรต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม และราคาถูก โดยใบพืชเป็นแหล่งที่อยู่อาศัยของแบคทีเรียหลากหลายชนิด ดังนั้นในงานวิจัยนี้จึงสนใจศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของแบคทีเรียบนใบพืชในการกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ โดยศึกษาใบพืชทั้งพืชคลุมดิน และไม้พุ่ม จากบริเวณรอบคณะวิทยาศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย พบว่าใบพลูด่างมีจำนวนแบคทีเรียทั้งหมด และแบคทีเรียที่ใช้ฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์เป็นแหล่งคาร์บอนมากที่สุดถึง 7.99±0.2 และ 6.37±0.23 Log CFU/กรัมใบไม้ ตามลำดับ พบว่า Microbacterium paroxydans JP13 มีประสิทธิภาพสูงที่สุดในการกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ นอกจากนั้นศึกษาประสิทธิภาพต้นพลูด่างและแบคทีเรียบนใบในการกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ในอากาศ ที่ความเข้มข้นเริ่มต้น 0.04 ppmV ในแบบจำลองตู้กระจกขนาด 40×40×60 ลูกบาศก์เซนติเมตร ทำการทดลอง 4 ชุดการทดลอง โดยทั้ง 4 ชุดการทดลองจะเปรียบเทียบกับชุดควบคุมซึ่งเป็นตู้กระจกที่ไม่มีพืช ดังนี้ 1) ต้นพลูด่างตามธรรมชาติ 2) ต้นพลูด่างที่ผ่านการฆ่าเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่ผิวใบ 3) ต้นพลูด่างที่พ่นสารอาหารที่ผิวใบ และ 4) ต้นพลูด่างที่พ่นด้วยแบคทีเรีย M. paroxydans JP13 พบว่าสามารถกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ได้ถึง 87%, 79%, 94% และ 100% ตามลำดับ เมื่อระยะเวลาผ่านไป 96 ชั่วโมง แสดงให้เห็นว่าต้นพลูด่างสามารถกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ด้วยกลไกการดูดซับของใบ เมตาบอลิซึมของใบ และการย่อยสลายฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ของจุลินทรีย์บนใบ อย่างไรก็ดีการพ่นแบคทีเรียย่อยสลายฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ชนิด M. paroxydans JP13 ลงบนใบพลูด่าง ทำให้มีการกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์สูงกว่าในชุดการทดลองอื่นๆ การจัดจำแนกชนิดของแบคทีเรียที่คัดแยกจากใบต้นพลูด่างหลังการบำบัด พบว่าแบคทีเรียเด่นที่พบอยู่ในจีนัส Microbacterium แสดงให้เห็นว่า M. paroxydans JP13 ที่เติมบนใบสามารถเจริญเติบโตได้ งานวิจัยนี้จึงเป็นงานวิจัยที่พบว่าการเติมแบคทีเรียบนใบสามารถเสริมประสิทธิภาพของพืชในการกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ ความรู้ที่ได้รับสามารถนำไปประยุกต์ใช้งานในการกำจัดฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ในอากาศต่อไป

Development Of Dual-Bacterial Culture For Benzene Degradation And Biofilm Formation, Aiyarucht Techajindamanee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Dual bacterial culture is the technique using the different characteristic of two bacteria for support the bacterial culture ability. This study developed the dual culture of benzene-degrading bacteria and biofilm-forming bacteria, and optimized the culture conditions promoting their benzene degradation and biofilm formation for increasing benzene-removal efficiency and bacterial stability in benzene treatment systems. Acinetobacter sp. B36 was a benzene-degrading and biofilm-forming bacterium isolated from petroleum wastewater. The bacterial biofilm was promoted by dual-culturing with Pseudomonas sp. BF6 isolated from the same source. The optimum culture conditions were studied focused on co-carbon source, nitrogen source, oxygen and metal ion. The …

ประสิทธิภาพในการย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบของกลุ่มแบคทีเรียที่คัดแยกจากดินตะกอนอ่าวไทย, ปิยะนุช อยู่คล้ำ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

อ่าวไทยจัดเป็นศูนย์กลางทางด้านการท่องเที่ยวและอุตสาหกรรมหลักที่สำคัญของประเทศ จึงมีแนวโน้มในการปนเปื้อนของปิโตรเลียมไฮโดรคาร์บอนได้ งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อคัดแยกกลุ่มแบคทีเรียที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบจากตัวอย่างดินตะกอนบริเวณอ่าวไทย ทดสอบประสิทธิภาพของกลุ่มแบคทีเรียในการย่อยสลายน้ำมันในสภาวะแวดล้อมต่างๆ และศึกษาบทบาทของแบคทีเรียในกลุ่ม โดยจาก 45 สถานีตัวอย่าง ตรวจนับจำนวนแบคทีเรียย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบได้มีค่าอยู่ในช่วง 2.3x105 - 1.10x107MPN /g น้ำหนักเปียก และแบ่งตัวอย่างตามลักษณะพื้นที่และลักษณะทางกายภาพได้เป็น 14 กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ G1-G14 ผลการทดลองพบว่าสามารถเพิ่มจำนวนแบคทีเรียที่ย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบได้จากทั้ง 14 กลุ่มตัวอย่างด้วยเทคนิคเอนริชเมนท์ โดยกลุ่มแบคทีเรีย G11 ซึ่งมีประสิทธิภาพในการย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบได้สูงที่สุด สามารถย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบ 0.5% (v/v) ได้ 80 % ภายในระยะเวลา 5 วัน นอกจากนี้พบว่า G11 มีเปอร์เซ็นต์ความไม่ชอบน้ำของเซลล์สูงที่สุดประมาณ 74% และยังตรวจพบยีนที่เกี่ยวข้องในการย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบได้หลากหลาย และการทดสอบประสิทธิภาพของ G11 ที่สภาวะต่างๆ พบว่า G11 สามารถย่อยสลายน้ำมันประเภทต่างๆ ได้แก่ น้ำมันดีเซล น้ำมันเตา น้ำมันหล่อลื่นเครื่องยนต์ดีเซลกึ่งสังเคราะห์ น้ำมันหล่อลื่นเครื่องยนต์เบนซินสังเคราะห์ น้ำมันแก๊สโซฮอลล์ 91 (E91) น้ำมันแก๊สโซฮอลล์ 95 (E95) ที่ความเข้มข้น 4,000 มิลลิกรัม/ลิตรได้ดี สามารถย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบในช่วงความเข้มข้น 4-32 กรัม/ลิตรได้เกือบ 100% ระยะเวลา 12 วัน โดยมีอัตราการกำจัดน้ำมันดิบได้สูงสุด 6.75 กรัม/ลิตร/กรัมเซลล์/วัน ที่ความเข้มข้นน้ำมันดิบ 24 กรัม/ลิตร สามารถย่อยสลายเตตระเดกเคน เฮกซะเดกเคน และ PAHs ผสม ซึ่งได้แก่ แอนทราซีน ฟีแนนทรีน ฟลูออแรนทีน และไพรีนได้ นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่า G11 ยังสามารถย่อยสลายน้ำมันดิบ 0.5 % (v/v) ได้ดีในสภาวะที่มีการแปรผันค่าความเค็มในช่วง 20 - >100 ppt ช่วงพีเอชตั้งแต่ 3-9 และอุณหภูมิ 30-37 oซ ซึ่งจากการวิเคราะห์ประชาคมแบคทีเรียโดยการเพาะเลี้ยงและการไม่เพาะเลี้ยงพบว่าในทุกช่วงการย่อยสลายในทุกสภาวะ มี …

Investigation Of The Natural Degradation Of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Compounds In Wastewater, Toni Carrick

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a class of compounds that are of concern for their potentially adverse effects on fish, wildlife, and humans. They can cause developmental and reproductive anomalies at concentrations in the low ppb to ppt levels. Studies have shown the primary route of exposure of EDCs within the environment is through the discharge of effluent wastewater. Removal efficiencies of wastewater treatment plants have been studied extensively, however, in rural or developing areas, which often lack secondary or tertiary wastewater treatment, little is known about the stability of these compounds and the rate at which they degrade in …

An Assessment Of The Role Of Roads In Population Demography And Genetic Structuring In Two Species Of Lizards In The Northern Chihuahuan Desert, Kevin Floyd

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Roads can fragment habitat and increase mortality rates of wildlife, potentially reducing population sizes and gene flow, which in turn can reduce genetic diversity through genetic drift. Although negative road impacts have been found in a variety of taxa, not all species are impacted. For instance, species that move less and rarely encounter roads and those that avoid the roads are predicted to not be negatively affected. Yet tests of these predictions are uncommon, especially for reptiles and particularly lizards. Side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) are small sit-and-wait predators, while the larger marbled whiptails (Aspidoscelis marmorata) are active foragers. Their responses …

Single And Multiple Objective Biomass-To-Biofuel Supply Chain Optimization Considering Environmental Impacts, Claudia Evangelina Valles Sosa

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Bioenergy has become an important alternative source of energy to alleviate the reliance on petroleum energy. Bioenergy offers diminishing climate change by reducing Green House Gas Emissions, as well as providing energy security and enhancing rural development. The Energy Independence and Security Act mandate the use of 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuels including 16 billion gallons of cellulosic biofuels by the year 2022. It is clear that Biomass can make a substantial contribution to supply future energy demand in a sustainable way. However, the supply of sustainable energy is one of the main challenges that mankind will face over …

Monitoring And Understanding Decadal Scale Changes In Hydrology, Productivity And Carbon Balance In Arctic Tundra Ponds, Christian Gerardo Andresen

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The Arctic is known for containing large stocks of soil organic carbon, which exists frozen in permafrost in a greenhouse inert state. With predicted future warming in these high northern latitudes, the mobilization of stored soil organic carbon and release to the atmosphere may increase and induce further positive climatic feedbacks. Previous studies have shown that Arctic wetlands and ponds cover a large percentage of the Arctic Coastal Plain and contribute large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere; however, it remains largely unknown how these systems are responding to a warming climate and how this change will impact regional carbon …

Boundaries Of Governance: Social Responsibility In Mining In Western Australia, Gemma L. Broderick

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This research investigated the boundaries of governance of social responsibility in three multinational mining organisations based in Perth, Western Australia. The mining industry has economic, environmental and social impacts, both positive and negative. While most of the attention of the media and supporters in government seems to focus on the positive impacts, a growing concern regarding the social implications of mining is clearly evident in public discourse and the academic literature. In response to public concern, the mining industry has adopted terms such as ‘sustainability’, ‘sustainable development’, ‘social licence to operate’ and ‘social responsibility’. Such phrases are widely used in …

The Tragicomedy Of The Commons, Brigham Daniels

BYU Law Review

Scholarship on the commons focuses on a diverse set of problems, ranging from crashing fisheries to crowded court dockets. Because we find commons resources throughout our natural and cultural environments, understanding old lessons and learning new ones about the commons gives us leverage to address a wide range of problems. Because the list of resources identified as commons resources continues to grow, the importance of gleaning lessons about the commons will also continue to grow.

That being said, while the resources that make up the commons are certainly diverse, so too are the ways scholars depict it and the challenges …

Current Legal Framework On South Africa And Cameroon Relating To Plastic Pollution To The Environment On A Comparative Basis : Case Study : South Africa And Cameroon, Temah Larry Besong Ndi

World Maritime University Dissertations

The objective of these studies is to compare the environmental laws of South Africa and Cameroon with focus on plastic pollution laws on both nations, with a yard stick of that of IMO international conventions. The reason to better the environmental laws of Cameroon, copying that of South Africa which is very much advanced and are signatories to several IMO conventions, in abide to put Cameroon administration on same level. The importance of the marine environment need not be over emphasis as the plastics pollution is now a global concerned and Cameroon at the mouth of Atlantic Ocean, with a …

Naming The Tragedy, Eric T. Freyfogle

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Isolated Wetland Commons And The Constitution, Blake Hudson, Mike Hardig

BYU Law Review

Isolated wetlands provide great ecological and economic value to the United States. While some states provide protection for isolated wetlands, a great many do not. These wetlands are also left outside the ambit of federal wetland regulatory protections under the Clean Water Act, with its murky jurisdictional reach. Notwithstanding jurisdictional questions under current federal statutes, the U.S. Supreme Court has gone so far as to call into question the constitutionality of federal isolated wetland regulation. This Article makes a normative argument that, in the absence of state or local programs providing holistic isolated wetland protection, federal action is needed. The …

A Central Support System Can Facilitate Implementation And Sustainability Of A Classroom-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (Cure) In Genomics, David Lopatto, Charles Hauser, Christopher J. Jones, Don Paetkau, Randall J. Dejong

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

In their 2012 report, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology advocated “replacing standard science laboratory courses with discovery-based research courses”—a challenging proposition that presents practical and pedagogical difficulties. In this paper, we describe our collective experiences working with the Genomics Education Partnership, a nationwide faculty consortium that aims to provide undergraduates with a research experience in genomics through a scheduled course (a classroom-based undergraduate research experience, or CURE). We examine the common barriers encountered in implementing a CURE, program elements of most value to faculty, ways in which a shared core support system can help, and the …

Registration Of ‘Newell’ Smooth Bromegrass, K P. Vogel, R B. Mitchell, B L. Waldron, M R. Haferkamp, J D. Berdahl, D D. Baltensperger, Galen Erickson, T J. Klopfenstein

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Temperature On The Phenology Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae); Simulation And Visualization Of The Potential Future Distribution Of C. Partellus In Africa Under Warmer Temperatures Through The Development Of Life-Table Parameters, N. Khadioli, Z. E.H. Tonnang, E. Muchugu, G. Ong'amo, T. Achia, I. Kipchirchir, J. Kroschel, B. Le Ru

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Maize (Zea mays) is a major staple food in Africa. However, maize production is severely reduced by damage caused by feeding lepidopteran pests. In East and Southern Africa, Chilo partellus is one of the most damaging cereal stem borers mainly found in the warmer lowland areas. In this study, it was hypothesized that the future distribution and abundance of C. partellus may be affected greatly by the current global warming. The temperature-dependent population growth potential of C. partellus was studied on artificial diet under laboratory conditions at six constant temperatures (15, 18, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35 °C), …

Potential Biogas Production On Livestock Operations, Mariana Baia

Op-Eds from ENSC230 Energy and the Environment: Economics and Policies

Potential Biogas Production on Livestock Operations

Climate-Induced Changes In The Germination Phenology Of Boechera Stricta, Samuel Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Climate change is having demonstrable, worldwide impacts on ecological systems in ways that have modified aspects of organism behavior. Plant phenologies have responded to warmer temperatures in a variety of ways that may have implications for long-term species survival. How germination phenology changes in response to warmer climate is a largely unexplored question yet the ability of a plant to advance or delay germination in unfavorable conditions is critical for survival. Knowing the relative success and timing of germination under different climate regimes is important in understanding whether species can keep pace with the rate of climate change via migration …

Modeling Mussel Mortality: Investigating The Importance Of Swash And The Potential Implications Of Changing Wave Environments, Shadow Leigh Gulledge

Theses and Dissertations

Rising sea level and increases in temperature are causing biogeographic shifts in intertidal zones and can also lead to shifts in the local vertical zonation of organisms due to changes in body temperature during aerial exposure during low tide. Swash is an important determinant of aerial body temperatures, and vulnerability of intertidal zones to changes in climate could potentially depend on how much and how often animals are cooled by waves. While wave heights (and thus swash) are generally expected to increase with climate change, anthropogenic physical structures, such as breakwaters and wave energy converters, can decrease wave height and …

Examining The Effectiveness Of Ecotourism As A Funding Source For Protected Area Management In Guyana, Jordan S. Flagel

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Protected areas in tropical rainforests serve many important ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. These areas are often in need of donor or grant funding to operate as governments in tropical forested countries are not always able to provide adequate funds for protection. This paper focuses on the Iwokrama International Center for Rainforest Conservation and Development in the South American country of Guyana, which has had funding issues since the global economic crisis of 2008 and an accompanying shift in donor country financial priorities. Increasing the amount of sustainable ecotourism in the Iwokrama reserve was identified as a potential source for …

Policy Context Of The Endemic Flora Of The Maltese Islands In A Changing Taxonomic Landscape, Clara Agius

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The degradation of the environment since the Industrial Revolution has been a turning point for legislation, leading to many countries, including EU states, to create legislations that conserve the environment. These legislations are based on scientific facts. This can create a divide between policy and science, as science and scientific methods are constantly changing, while policy has to keep up. Scientific facts of yesterday, may not necessarily be the same as today. This divide between science and policy may have implications on the designation of Protected Areas. One of the criteria of a Protected Area is the protection of an …