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The Probe, Issue 54 - June/July 1985

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
No. 54 June/July, 1985
NADCA Questionaire Returns
ADC to USDA
The American Tree Famer
Fleas, Ticks, and Cockroaches – Disease Transmitters
Wildlife Management on your Land
European Wild Pigs
The Nongame Act of 1980
ADC controlling Coyotes
Gophers Carrying Radioactive Soil
Directory Additions
Predator – Sandhill Crane Workshop
Central Texas Trappers Association
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Price List: Chemical Repellents, Scare Devices, Traps, Barriers, Feeders, Excluders, Nest Boxes, Poisons/Fumigants

Documentation Of Whole-Farm Model For The Eastern Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Ross S. Kingwell, David J. Pannell, David. A. Morrison

Grain and other field crops published reports

The Eastern Wheatbelt Model (EwM) is a hypothetical farm model, intended to be representative of farms in the eastern wheatbelt region. It is a model of an 'average' farm in an 'average' season. Nevertheless it is possible to substitute the resource mix of a 'real' farm for the •average' and to substitute various types of season for the 'average'.

Assumptions of 'average' farm resources and •average' season are based on opinions by WADA researchers and advisers. For the EWM, researchers and advisers at Merredin prescribed average resources for an eastern wheatbelt farm receiving a 300 mm average rainfall including 210 …

Residual Values Of Australian Rock Phosphates, Michael D A Bolland

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

For years superphosphate has been the cheapest, convenient and most effective way of supplying phosphorus to newly cleared soils in Western Australia's South-West that are acutely deficient in phosphorus. However its effectiveness as a phosphorus source falls markedly after application. Regular applications are needed to maintaine profitable pastures and crops on these soils.

After a big jump in supperphosphate prices in the mid 970s, researchers tested the use of Australian rock phosphates as potentially cheaper alternative phosphorus fertilisers to superphosphate. On the none-leaching sands, as this article shows, none of the rock phosphates was as effective for plant growth as …

The Green Movement: Implications For Animals, Ronnie Z. Hawkins

Environment Collection

The Green movement, a newly emerging political movement that is both global in scope and firmly anchored to each local region at the grassroots level, is destined to be of great import to those concerned with the status of nonhuman animals in our society. Closely allied with deep ecology and bioregionalism, Green thinking embodies an alteration in our perception of the human organism: no longer seen as separate from and superior to all the other components of the ecosystem, our species is placed in context as one among many interdependent forms of life, with the attainment of a sustainable balance …

Sandplain Hardpan : A Different Dam Construction Material, A F. Mccrea

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Before 1980, the Department of Agriculture did not believe that suitable farm dam materials could be found in light land soils. However Beacon earthmoving contractor, V> J> Pavlinovich, has demonstrated that where suitable cemented subsoils or 'hardpan' existed, a succcessful dam site could be found.

This material should not be confused with compaction or traffic hardpans ehich are dense layers of soil found near the surface. Traffic hardpans result from compaction of soil materials with the passage of vehicles and farm machinery. Rather, the hardpan referred to here is a natural subsoil layer that has been cemented by silica and …

Lungworm Infections, Reproduction And Summer Habitat Use Of Bighorn Sheep In Custer State Park, South Dakota, Gary C. Brundige

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) were once indigenous to the Black Hills and Badlands of South Dakota. When European settlers moved into this region during the late 1800' s, market hunting, loss of habitat, and introduction of animal diseases and parasites caused the subspecies of the region, the Audubon's bighorn sheep (O. c. auduboni), to become extinct by 1916 (Buechner 1960). To reestablish bighorn sheep in the Black Hills, 8 Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (O. c. canadensis) were introduced into the former range of the Audubon's sheep in 1922. Finding the habitat to be very suitable, this small population increased to …

Fluctuations And Relationships Of Selected Physiochemical Parameters In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1975-1982, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Annual and seasonal fluctuations and relationships are described for discharge, turbidity, chloride, total hardness, conductivity and suspended solids over an eight-year period in Dardanelle Reservoir. The parameters fluctuated rather widely primarily in response to seasonal patterns of rainfall. Chloride and conductivity were related and generally fluctuated together as did turbidity and suspended solids. Hardness appeared to vary independently of the others prior to 1979 then varied more closely with chloride after March 1979. Inherent differences between the Illinois Bayou arm and the main Arkansas River sections complicated the precise identification of any overall impact of power plant operation. No significant …

Effects Of El Nino On Local Hydrography And Growth Of The Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera, At Santa Catalina Island, California, Richard C. Zimmerman, Deborah L. Robertson

OES Faculty Publications

Deepened isotherms associated with El Niño resulted in severe nutrient limitation and very low kelp productivity during the last half of 1983. Frond growth rates were so low that terminal blades formed before reaching the surface, eliminating the canopy. Frond initiation rates were also extremely low, resulting in significant reductions in mean plant size. Plants growing above 10m were more severely affected than plants at 20m. Nutrient pulses associated with internal waves are thus critical for survival of Macrocystis pyrifera in nutritionally marginal habitats in Southern California.

Assessment Of Landsat For Rangeland Mapping, Rush Valley, Utah, United States, National Aeronautics And Space Administration

Range Management

The objective of this investigation is to assess the feasibility of using Landsat MSS (multispectral scanner) data to identify and map cover types for rangeland, and to determine comparative condition of the ecotypes. A supporting objective is to assess the utility of various forms of aerial photography in the process.

If rangeland can be efficiently mapped with Landsat data, as supported by appropriate aerial photography and field data, then uniform standards of cover classification and condition may be applied across the rangelands of the state. Further, a foundation may be established for long-term monitoring of range trend, using the same …

Commingling Of Norway And Roof Rats With Native Rodents, Rex O. Baker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

The ecology of plague relies on the intermixing (commingling) of animal hosts and their ectoparasites. There has been a noticeable increase in commingling of rats and ground squirrels in Southern California in recent years. This paper discusses this phenomenon in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, where it occurs, how it results from man's activities, and the ecology of varying locations. The role of fleas as vectors of plague and the intermixing of fleas between hosts are discussed. Action to reduce the incidence of commingling and the threat of plague to the urban society is addressed.

A Study Of Alternative Sites For Equestrian/Hobby Farm Development In The Karratha Area, Bernard Kok

Resource management technical reports

This report has been prepared in response to a request from the Shire of Roebourne to assess the land use capabilities for equestrian/hobby farm development in the Karratha area.The report comprises five parts; a brief review of the areas climate,discussion of the geological soil units and vegetation, water supply, alternative areas of development and recommendations.

Cholecalciferol: A Unique Toxicant For Rodent Control, Edward F. Marshall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Cholecalciferol is an acute (single-feeding) and/or chronic (multiple-feeding) rodenticide toxicant with unique activity for controlling commensal rodents including anticoagulant-resistant rats. Cholecalciferol differs from conventional acute rodenticides in that no bait shyness is associated with consumption and time to death is delayed, with first dead rodents appearing 3-4 days after treatment.

Fisheries Report No 63 - Assessment Of Artificial Feeds For Battery Culture Of A Freshwater Crayfish, Marron (Cherax Tenuimanus) (Decapoda: Parastacidae), Dr N. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

Performance of juvenile crayfish, 0.1-5 g, on a variety of commercial crustacean feeds was tested under conditions of individual housing ("battery culture"), where sources of additional feed were minimized (detritus), or eliminated (cannibalism) Survival was close, or equal, to 100% over 50 day test periods, a reflection of optimal battery conditions rather than feeding, since survival over 100 days for an unfed (control} group was also 100%. No ecdysiad mortality, or trauma, occurred with crayfish, up to 10g, in compartments of area 75 cm. Growth performance in tests was rated by separate ratios for ecdysial increment and frequency, relative to …

Algal Growth And The Phosphorus Cycle, Arthur J. Mccomb, K. S. Hamel, A. L. Huber, D. K. Kidby, R. J. Lukatelich

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Larger algae and microscopic phytoplankton foul the waters of the Peel-Harvey estuarine system, upsetting the fishery and polluting the beaches.

These aquatic plants grow in response to phosphorus runoff from drainage, trapping phosphorus in the estuary and using it in their growth. When they die this phosphorus remains in the system to be recycled for further plant growth.

Algal pollution in the estuary can be lessened by reducing the amount of phosphorus entering the system, increasing phosphorus losses to the ocean, or in some way blocking the trapping and recycling processes.

Causes Of Soil Acidity, W M. Porter

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The introduction of agriculture into australia has caused many of our soils to become more acid faster than they would have otherwise.

In Europe and other parts of the world, soil acidification is accepted as a normal by-product of a successful agricultural system. Lime* is widley used to neutralise the acids added as a result of agricultural practices.

In Western Australia, lime applications will be needed more frequently in the future, although maybe not in the same volumes as in Europe.

Abundance, Biomass, And Diversity Of Aquatic Invertebrates In Level Ditches And Adjacent Natural Emergent Marsh In An Eastern South Dakota Wetland, Michael R. Broschart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aquatic invertebrate communities of level ditches and adjacent natural emergent marsh in a South Dakota prairie wetland were sampled during the summer of 1982. Collections were made in both the water column and the bottom substrates. Forty-five taxa were collected. Analysis of variance indicated that a significantly greater mean number of taxa and a larger mean number of all macroinvertebrates were present in level ditches than in the natural emergent marsh. No differences were detected for mean biomass of all macroinvertebrate taxa collectively. Several taxa had a greater mean number and biomass in the level ditches than in the …

Brood-Rearing Period Cover Use By Wild Turkey Hens In Southcentral South Dakota, Kevin Francis Mccabe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Brood-rearing period cover use by wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hens with broods and those without, in Gregory County, South Dakota, was determined in order to formulate management suggestions for grassland/riparian woodland habitat. Two hens with broods and 12 hens without broods were studies through telemetry and direct observations form 5 July through 2 August and 3 August through 17 August of 1982 and 1982. Vegetational data were collected in 1983. Hens with broods selected for the grass/forb-dominated understory and 52% open canopy of south-facing savannah woodlands while their broods were less than 4 weeks of age. After 4 weeks, broods …

The Soil Phosphorus Store, G S P Ritchie, D. M. Weaver

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The management of the soil phosphorus store, or 'super bank' to minimise phosphorus leaching losses is a vital part of any strategy to reduce algal pollution of the Peel-Harvey estuary.

Phosphorus can exist in the soil in four main 'pools'. it may occur in the soil solution or in one of the three pools that contain phosphorus in solid forms. This phosphorus can be in compounds (fertilisers, dead plant material); adsorbed (attached) to soil particles such as organic matter, clay and iron oxide; or as constituents of micro-organisms.

Modifying Fertiliser Practices, J S. Yeates, D. M. Deeley, M. F. Clarke, D. Allen

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

If modified fertiliser practices are adopted phosphorus losses from the Peel-Harvey catchment can be reduced. Farmers can save money on fertiliser applications and the need for more expensive catchment management measures to reduce algal pollution of the estuary will be avoided.

Research data available so far indicate that, with farmer co-operation and the use of the new slow release fertiliser New Coastal Superphosphate, long-term phosphorus application rates can be reduced by 30-40 per cent - and possibly even halved - without lowering agricultural production. This will also reduce phosphorus loss to drainage water.

Although much of the research since 1982 …

A Decade Of Usda-Ars Predator Research, 1972-1982, Jeffrey S. Green

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Federal government restrictions in 1972 on several widely-used forms of predator control stimulated research on alternative methods of reducing depredation on livestock. In the same year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture began predator research through the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and designed the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station CUSSES, near Dubois in southeastern Idaho as the principle location for the investigations. At the outset, the objective of ARS research was to examine non-lethal methods for reducing depredation, primarily by coyotes (Cants), on sheep. During the first several years, while predator research facilities were constructed at the USSES, ARS funds were primarily …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 15, No. 4. December 1983

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ASPECTS OF THE NESTING ECOLOGY OF LEAST TERNS AND PIPING PLOVERS IN CENTRAL NEBRASKA ▪ C. A. Faanes

LEAD SHOT INCIDENCE IN SANDHILL CRANES COLLECTED FROM ALASKA, CANADA, AND TEXAS ▪ B. M. Wallace, R. J. Warren and G. D. Gaines

LEAD SHOT INCIDENCE IN WATERFOWL COLLECTED FROM THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS ▪ B. M. Wallace, R. J. Warren and R. J. Whyte

SMALL MAMMALS OF WINTER WHEAT AND GRAIN SORGHUM CROPLANDS IN WEST-CENTRAL KANSAS ▪ K. W. Navo and E. D. …

The Effects Of Dredged Materials On The Copeod, Acartia Tonsa, Renee Suzanne Crouch

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A study was conducted to determine the potential impact of open ocean disposal of sediments dredged from a highly industrialized seaport. Sediments from three potential dredge sites along the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, Hampton Roads, Virginia were evaluated for acute toxicity. The suspended particulate fractions of dredged materials were tested in a series of 96-hour, static bioassays using the calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa Dana. Significant mortalities were observed for all three sites with the sediments from the most heavily industrialized site producing immediate and severe mortality. Analysis of results indicates that mortality was highly related to the volatile …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 15, No. 3. September 1983

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WINTER DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT USE BY MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA ▪ J. E. Swenson, S. J. Knapp and H. J. Wentland

HISTORY AND STATUS OF EUROPEAN FALLOW DEER (Dama dama dama) AT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, ILLINOIS ▪ G. G. Gray

REPRODUCTIVE CHRONOLOGY OF GREATER PRAIRIE CHICKENS IN MINNESOTA AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CENSUSING AND NEST SEARCHING ▪ W. D. Svedarsky

SUMMER BIRD USE OF A STATE-OWNED HUNTING AREA IN NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS ▪ M. W. Brown

EVALUATION OF INTRODUCED RUFFED GROUSE IN WESTERN …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 15, No. 2. June 1983

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EFFECTS OF FIRE ON RODENTS IN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE OF THE FLINT HILLS REGION OF EASTERN KANSAS. D. W. Kaufman, G. A. Kaufman, and E. J. Finck

FECAL pH AND FOOD HABITS OF SYMPATRIC LAGOMORPHS IN TEXAS R. J. Warren

UNUSUAL PLANT ASSEMBLAGE IN WALSH COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ B. Heidel

ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF PASSERINES FEEDING ON POPLAR GALLS, AND A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR SUMMER NOMADISM IN BOREAL FINCHES ▪ P. J. DuBowy

UPDATE ON THE AMERICAN BALD EAGLE, Haliaeetus leucocephalus L., IN NEBRASKA ▪ S. J. Rothenberger …

Effects Of A Wildfire On Seed Rain And Soil Seed Reserve Dynamics Of A Good Condition Sagebrush-Grass Rangeland In Central Utah, Mohamed Ali Hassan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this research were to investigate the ecological importance of soil seed reserves and seed rain on regeneration of a good condition sagebrush-grass range vegetation after a wildfire and draw conclusions leading to better understanding and management of such ecosystems. Investigations were conducted for two successive years on a community where major plants were neither rhizomatous nor sprouting. In such cases soil seed reserves and seed rain have to be the main source of regeneration. In addition to monitoring soil seed reserves and seed rain, vegetation changes during the past two years and the historical conditions of the …

Effect Of 6-Mboa On Microtus Pinetorum And Microtus Pennsylvanicus Of Different Ages, J. A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Short-lived small rodents require environmental cues to synchronize their breeding with optimal environmental conditions. In the absence of such cues animals would waste a large portion of their reproductive effort when environmental conditions were unfavorable. Rowan (1938) noted that endocrine systems regulating mammalian reproduction responded to the environmental photoperiodic cues. Bodenheimer (1946) observed that major outbreaks of voles in Palestine could not be correlated with environmental factors such as climate, photoperiod, volume of food resources, or population density, acting either alone or in combination. From those studies he suggested that vole outbreaks were associated with an unknown factor or factors …

Effects Of Coprophagy In Microtine Rodents, Jack A. Cranford, E. O. Johnson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Digestion and assimilation strategies of herbivorous mammals are diverse but fall into two major categories (Moir, 1968; Gartner and Pfaff, 1979; Hume and Warner, 1980). The most complex of which occurs in the lagomorphs and has been well studied. In contrast rodents exhibit great variability in diet and nutritional biology (Landry, 1970; Baker, 1971; Kenagy and Hoyt, 1980). Early reports of coprophagy by rodents were incidental or descriptive, and indicated it was infrequent (Howell and Gersh, 1935; Ingles, 1961; Wilkes, 1962; Hoover et al., 1969; Jarvis, 1981). Rats mechanically prevented from reingesting feces showed reduced growth rates (Barnes et al., …

Digestible Energy Content Of Diets Of Pine Voles From Different Orchard Habitat Types, S. L. Macpherson, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In a previous study at VPI & SU, Servello (1981) developed a technique for predicting the digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible energy (DE) of the diets of pine voles from a nutritive analysis of their stomach contents. In this nutritive analysis, developed by Goering and Van Soest (1970), feeds are divided into two major fractions: cell soluble and cell wall fractions. The cell soluble fraction is highly digestible while the cell wall (fiber) fraction varies in digestibility. It was found that the highly digestible cell soluble values of the stomach contents were the best predictor of the digestibility of …

The Influence Of Soil Moisture, Texture, And Temperature On Nest-Site Selection And Burrowing Activity By The Pine Vole, Microtus Plnetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) have long been recognized as a pest species in fruit orchards of the eastern United States (Hamilton 1935). These semifossorial rodents construct tunnel systems beneath apple trees where they eat entire roots or strip roots of bark and cambium. Hamilton (1938) reported numbers of pine voles within apple orchards as high as 200-300 voles per acre which is in sharp contrast to the relative scarcity of pine voles outside orchard situations (Crain and Packard 1966; Goertz 1971), These findings suggest that orchard habitat provides excellent conditions for pine vole growth and reproduction, although the specific components …

Highlights Of The Seventh Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Seventh Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Cliffside Inn, Box 786, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, March 3-4, 1983 for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was held to provide a problem solving atmosphere in which growers, governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI, the chemical industry, and university personnel could observe the current thrusts of research and extension programs and their impact on future control strategies.