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Predator Politics In Texas, Bill Sims Jan 1995

Predator Politics In Texas, Bill Sims

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The coyote (Canis latrans) is certainly one of the most destructive predators affecting the livestock industry, particularly sheep and goats. In fact, title of this session is very appropriate, because when you talk about “politics”, coyotes seem to have more politicians working for them than any other animal.

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Predator Politics: Personal Thoughts And Perceptions, Milo J. Shult Jan 1995

Predator Politics: Personal Thoughts And Perceptions, Milo J. Shult

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

My career as an extension wildlife specialist and a university administrator has allowed me to monitor both the public and private sectors' perspectives on coyotes (Canis latrans) and their associated management policies. Selected experiences described herein illustrate the problems (current and future) that characterize emotionally-charged conflicts like those typified by coyote control efforts.

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Coyotes: A Matter Of Perspective, Dale Rollins Jan 1995

Coyotes: A Matter Of Perspective, Dale Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Predators and predator management in general are always controversial topics. As with most controversies, both ends of an emotional continuum vie for the attention of the nonvocal, uncommitted majority. To provide unbiased information on the controversy surrounding coyotes (Canis latrans) in Texas, the Texas Agricultural Extension Service produced a 23-minute video in 1991. The video addresses both sides of the coyote coin while providing factual biological information on the topic. The video has been quite popular, and has received both state and national awards.

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The Ole Coyote, Kent Rollins Jan 1995

The Ole Coyote, Kent Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Some call him a song dog,
Some call him an ol’ wolf
Let me tell you fellers,
He shore is tuff

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Coyotes In The Southwest: Dedication To Samuel L. Beasom, Dale Rollins Jan 1995

Coyotes In The Southwest: Dedication To Samuel L. Beasom, Dale Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

This symposium is dedicated to the life, achievements and memory of Samuel L. Beasom. From the first time that I considered trying to assemble this symposium, Sam Beasom was on my list of key people to include. Sam's professional contributions and his dry wit would surely play a pivotal role in a conference on coyotes in the Southwest, especially one to be conducted in Texas. I never dreamed then that his contributions, and subsequent recognition, would be presented posthumously here today.

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The Livestock Protection Collar For Removing Depredating Coyotes: A Search For Perfect Justice?, Dale Rollins Jan 1995

The Livestock Protection Collar For Removing Depredating Coyotes: A Search For Perfect Justice?, Dale Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Lethal control techniques for controlling coyotes (Canis latrans) are often maligned as a means for resolving coyote depredations on domestic livestock. With the exception of the Livestock Protection Collar (LPC), lethal control methods (e.g., foot-hold traps and neck snares) lack the ability to specifically remove those coyotes actually preying upon livestock. The LPC capitalizes on attack behavior of coyotes to remove offending individuals. Although currently registered for use in 5 states, LPCs have been used routinely only in Texas. Success with LPCS involves an understanding of coyote behavior and proper targeting of collared livestock. LPCs have been used …

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Public Attitudes Toward Predators In Texas, Douglas Reiter, Mark W. Brunson, Robert H. Schmidt Jan 1995

Public Attitudes Toward Predators In Texas, Douglas Reiter, Mark W. Brunson, Robert H. Schmidt

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

A national survey of public attitudes to ward wildlife damage management provided the opportunity to extract a data set from Texas respondents on predator management Texas respondents were generally more supportive of predator control for livestock protection than the rest of the U S., although the overall trends were similar. Lethal technologies scored low on a humaneness scale.

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The Re-Establishment Of The Coyote In The Edwards Plateau Of Texas, Gary Lee Nunley Jan 1995

The Re-Establishment Of The Coyote In The Edwards Plateau Of Texas, Gary Lee Nunley

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

In the early 1900s organized predator control was initiated to remove coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (C. lupus and C. rufus) from the sheep and goat producing areas of Texas. Operations were begun in the Edwards Plateau, the largest area of sheep concentration. By the 1920s, many of the inner Edwards Plateau counties were considered to be almost free of coyotes and wolves In the 1950s coyotes and wolves were extirpated from most of the Edwards Plateau After a coyote population irruption in the early 1960s, coyotes began to re-establish themselves on the periphery …

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Sheep And Goat Losses In Relation To Coyote Damage Management In Texas, Gary Lee Nunley Jan 1995

Sheep And Goat Losses In Relation To Coyote Damage Management In Texas, Gary Lee Nunley

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The average reported sheep and goat loss to coyotes (Canis latrans) in 1992 on those properties worked by the cooperative animal damage control program were relatively low. Sheep and goat losses were not evenly distributed among the producers. Geographical distribution of the losses reflected a positive relationship between relative coyote density and livestock losses. The sheep and goat industry is adversely affected by the cumulative losses of those producers suffering high levels of predation.

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Immunocontraception As A Tool For Controlling Reproduction In Coyotes, Lowell A. Miller Jan 1995

Immunocontraception As A Tool For Controlling Reproduction In Coyotes, Lowell A. Miller

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of immunocontraception as a tool for population management of coyotes (Canis latrans) and reduction of coyote predation may provide an environmentally safer alternative to pesticides. Because they are proteins, immunocontraceptive vaccines do not persist in the environment or bioaccumulate in the food chain. The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) will examine the effects (immunological, hormonal and behavioral) of treating penned coyotes with 2 immunocontraceptive vaccines: porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Initial studies will be conducted using traditional subcutaneous injections; however, the goal IS to develop an orally-deliverable immunocontraceptive vaccine as an alternative …

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Managing For Coyotes To Enhance Waterfowl Production: An Alternative Perspective, Terry A. Messmer Jan 1995

Managing For Coyotes To Enhance Waterfowl Production: An Alternative Perspective, Terry A. Messmer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America produces about half of the continent's duck population. Predation on hens, young, and eggs severely impacts duck production In the region decreasing fall flights. Recent studies conducted in the region suggest that management efforts to increase duck production need to consider both habitat and predator effects. Research indicates that managing on the landscape level to protect coyotes in sufficient numbers to exclude red foxes should be encouraged in PPR areas suitable for duck production and where the risks of damage to domestic livestock and other wildlife species are minimal.

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Coyotes In The Rolling Plains Of Texas, Wyman P. Meinzer Jan 1995

Coyotes In The Rolling Plains Of Texas, Wyman P. Meinzer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Rolling Plains region of Texas have experienced several factors in the last 40 years that may have possibly influenced population dynamics and feeding niche. The 3 most important changes were (a) the demand for coyote pelts during the 1970s, (b) a region-wide growth of the stocker cattle industry and (c) the increasing incidence of sarcoptic mange. The availability of stocker cattle carcasses may be providing a source of dependable food during a previously stressful period, thus inflating coyote survival and abundance superficially relative to traditional cow/calf ranching areas Sarcoptic mange has been present …

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Photographing Coyotes, Wyman P. Meinzer Jan 1995

Photographing Coyotes, Wyman P. Meinzer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Wildlife photography has become an increasingly popular hobby over the last 10 years. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are among the more difficult animals to photograph under natural field conditions (i.e. in the wild). For studying and photographing coyotes behaving routinely, I recommend the use of a draw station (i.e. cow carcass) and a blind that will all low relatively close inspection of coyote interactions.

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Coyotes In Urban Areas: A Status Report, Jan E. Loven Jan 1995

Coyotes In Urban Areas: A Status Report, Jan E. Loven

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur within the city limits of most urban areas in Texas, and the Incidence of human X coyote interactions appears to be increasing in recent years. The major damage caused by coyotes in urban areas has been depredation on pets (primarily) and to other animals (e.g. ducks). Direct control of such problem coyotes is often hampered by city/state regulations and/or concern from local officials about negative publicity.

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Coyote Population Processes Revisited, Frederick F. Knowlton, Eric M. Gese Jan 1995

Coyote Population Processes Revisited, Frederick F. Knowlton, Eric M. Gese

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

It appears that coyote (Canis latrans) abundance is determined primarily by availability of food (prey) as mediated through social dominance hierarchies and a territorial land tenure system. This is reflected in rates of reproduction, dispersal, and mortality, with survival of juveniles a major factor. Suggestions for a new generation of simulation models to explore coyote population functions are included.

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Effects Of Coyote Control On Their Prey: A Review, Scott E. Henke Jan 1995

Effects Of Coyote Control On Their Prey: A Review, Scott E. Henke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are often removed from an area because of their predatory nature, regardless of the effect such removal may have on the ecosystem. Research results concerning ecosystem changes due to coyote removal appear ambiguous; however, differing lengths of coyote control can produce different results. Short-term coyote removal efforts (≤ 6 months) typically have not resulted in increases in the prey base; however, long-term, intensive coyote removal reportedly has altered to alter species composition within the ecosystem.

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Techniques For Estimating Coyote Abundance, Scott E. Henke, Fred F. Knowlton Jan 1995

Techniques For Estimating Coyote Abundance, Scott E. Henke, Fred F. Knowlton

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Knowledge of coyote abundance is needed to make intelligent management decisions Several methods have been devised to enumerate coyote (Canis latrans) population size. We review several techniques and attempt to identify biases associated with each method. Once biases are understood, recommendations can be made to minimize their impact on data collection processes and yield better estimates of coyote population trends.

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Coyotes: A Sheep And Goat Rancher's Perspective, Ellis Helmers Jan 1995

Coyotes: A Sheep And Goat Rancher's Perspective, Ellis Helmers

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

When asked their views about coyotes and coyote damage, the words used by producers to describe their perspectives and comments are less than kind. It is difficult for a producer to find anything good to say about an animal that has cost him so much.

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Prescribed Coyote Control To Develop An “Open Window Policy” For Enhancing Deer Survival, Tommy L. Hailey Jan 1995

Prescribed Coyote Control To Develop An “Open Window Policy” For Enhancing Deer Survival, Tommy L. Hailey

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) holds a high priority on many Texas ranches today The use of prescribed aerial control of coyotes to increase white-tailed deer productivity may provide wildlife managers with an economical management tool. I describe two case studies of ranches in the Lower Rolling Plains where prescribed coyote control has increased the deer herds.

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Coyotes And Upland Gamebirds, Fred S. Guthrey Jan 1995

Coyotes And Upland Gamebirds, Fred S. Guthrey

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

That coyotes (Canis latrans) destroy nests and individuals of bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is well documented. In many situations, however, the removal of coyotes would have little observable effect on gamebird recruitment and population dynamics. This counterintuitive result occurs because (1) renesting reduces the hen failure rate and (2) loss sources other than coyotes become stronger when coyotes are removed from a predator–prey system.

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Predation Impacts And Management Strategies For Reducing Coyote Damage To Cattle, Rickey L. Gilliland Jan 1995

Predation Impacts And Management Strategies For Reducing Coyote Damage To Cattle, Rickey L. Gilliland

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Loss of cattle to predators influences productivity of many livestock operations. Statistics indicate that coyote (Canis latrans) predation is a principle threat. Impacts to livestock resources by coyotes are appraised. Implementation of control strategies which capitalize on coyote dispersion and social interactions are discussed. Predator management to reduce livestock losses and promote a younger age structure in coyotes is suggested as a long term solution.

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Estimating Livestock Losses, Charles Drain Jan 1995

Estimating Livestock Losses, Charles Drain

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Most information published by the Texas Agricultural Statistics Service (TASS) is based on data gathered through a system of Sample Surveys. TASS regularly surveys sampled farms and ranches and agricultural businesses m order to make statistical inference (estimates) for a total population. The alternative to using a sample survey would be to make a complete enumeration or count of the entire population. Both cost and timely results favor the survey approach. This discussion is an attempt to explain the concepts and sampling methods TASS employs in conducting basic surveys, for both inventory and death loss data for cattle, sheep and …

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Lethal Options For Controlling Coyotes, John W. Dorsett Jan 1995

Lethal Options For Controlling Coyotes, John W. Dorsett

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Lethal control methods are required to stop coyote depredation or to reduce the coyote population in an area. Various lethal control options are available, including traps, snares, shooting, denning and toxicants. The effectiveness, selectivity, and specificity of each method should be considered before being utilized. Each method requires varying degrees of skill and experience to be made effective. Usually a combination of control methods is most effective in coyote control situations.

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Coyotes As Part Of Texas' Fur Trade, Jerry L. Cooke Jan 1995

Coyotes As Part Of Texas' Fur Trade, Jerry L. Cooke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

One factor that potentially affects coyote (Canis latrans) abundance is recreational and commercial trapping for harvest of coyote fur. Herein I report how the economic impact of coyote pelts has changed from 1979–1994 for landowners and trappers from the Texas. Pelt values accounted for over 50% of the variability observed during this 15-year period. The future of this economic incentive for managing coyotes is questionable because of the impending ban by the European Union of furs from North America.

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The Effects Of Control On Coyote Populations: Another Look, Guy E. Connolly Jan 1995

The Effects Of Control On Coyote Populations: Another Look, Guy E. Connolly

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Population dynamics models are useful for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) population responses to exploitation w well as to hypothetical birth intervention techniques At least 6 coyote simulation models have been developed over the past 25 years. This paper reviews the model developed by Connolly and Longhurst (1975), and identifies some potential improvements based upon new biological information and modem computing technology. The biological concepts embodied in the Connolly–Longhurst (C–L) model seem as valid In 1995 as they were in 1975. Newer studies have tended to reaffirm rather than revise earlier concepts of coyote population mechanics. One significant shortcoming …

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The Coyote's Role In A Rabies Epizootic, Keith A. Clark, Pamela J. Wilson Jan 1995

The Coyote's Role In A Rabies Epizootic, Keith A. Clark, Pamela J. Wilson

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

In 1994, the canine rabies epizootic in South Texas was declared a state health emergency; a statewide rabies quarantine was enacted in 1995. Prior to 1988, rabid coyotes (Canis latrans) were reported only infrequently in Texas. In 1988, Stan and Hidalgo Counties, located In extreme South Texas, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies resulting in 11 laboratory-confirmed cases of canine rabies in domestic dogs and 6 cases in coyotes. By 1991, the epizootic had expanded approximately 100 miles north of the US–Mexico border and included 10 counties. During the next 3 % years, 10 additional counties became involved …

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Management Of Coyotes For Pronghorn?, S. Kemble Canon Jan 1995

Management Of Coyotes For Pronghorn?, S. Kemble Canon

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) have co-existed for thousands of years, but in today's production-oriented society the Pronghorn may need some help periodically. Although pronghorn numbers have rebounded dramatically since the early 20th century, continued management of this species is necessary and may include management of its primarily predator, the coyote. Pronghorn defense mechanisms offer protection from predators, but the coyote's hunting strategies overcome these mechanisms The Trans-Pecos region of Texas holds the greatest numbers of pronghorn In the state. Ranchers in the Trans-Pecos can use predators, such as rainfall; strategies, such as proper …

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Interpreting Physical Evidence Of Coyote Predation, James E. Bowns Jan 1995

Interpreting Physical Evidence Of Coyote Predation, James E. Bowns

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

There are situations where it is necessary to determine the cause of death of livestock, game animals, or other wildlife. Criteria used for recognizing predator kills are well known and scientifically documented. These criteria include the attack, killing and feeding behavior of predators as well as the characteristics of their tracks, droppings, and canine teeth size and spacing. Diagnostic criteria for recognizing coyote (Canis latrans), domestic dog, fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Vulpes vulpes), cougar (Felis concolor) , bobcat (Lynx rufus), bear (Ursus spp ), and eagle (mostly Aquila chrysaetos) predation …

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Coyote Interactions With Other Carnivores, Terry L. Blakenship Jan 1995

Coyote Interactions With Other Carnivores, Terry L. Blakenship

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur sympatrically with several predators throughout their range. Habitat and food resources are similar, although the coyote typically utilizes a wider range of food items. Larger predators generally select larger prey, allowing predators of different sizes to coexist. Coyotes exhibit aggressive actions towards smaller predators, but in most cases they avoid contact with other predator species. Studies indicate that coyotes can exclude 01- displace foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon spp.), and an inverse relationship exists between abundance of coyotes and foxes. There is evidence suggesting that extensive reduction of coyote populations allows other predator …

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Behavior Of Coyotes In Texas, William F. Andelt Jan 1995

Behavior Of Coyotes In Texas, William F. Andelt

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) live in social groups with relatively small territories or as single, non-territorial transients with large home ranges in southern Texas. Coyotes communicate and establish territories through auditory, olfactory, and visual means They consume mammals, fruits, and insects with their diets reflecting difference sin abundance and vulnerability of prey, effects of plant phenology and weather conditions. Coyotes have adapted to human exploration by avoiding humans and their control techniques. Because coyotes habituate to nonlethal control techniques (e.g. frightening devices), I suggest apply frightening devices only when coyotes are a problem. Lethal techniques likely will be most …

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