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Basic Science And Risk Communication: A Dialogue-Based Study, Char J. Word, Anna K. Harding, Gordon R. Bilyard, James R. Weber

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors use ethnographic analysis of a focus group discussion between scientists and laypersons to study information exchange in risk communication.

Media Coverage Of Epa's Draft Dioxin Reassessment Report, Sharon M. Friedman, Megan A. Fitzpatrick, Brenda P. Egolf

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Using content analysis, the authors examine the utility of news media in democratic decision making.

The Arab Republic Of Egypt: Initial National Communication On Climate Change, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

Egypt & Libya

Although Egypt’s contribution to Green House Gases is relatively minimal, yet given Egypt’s growing population, its limited fertile land, and its large area of desert, and the concentration of its economic activities in the coastal zones, the potential social and economic impact of climate change could be devastating for the country’s future.

Removal Of Trace Contaminants From Wastewater Effluents Using Local Adsorbents, Kasim Ghulam Haider Ghulam

Theses

Wastewater reclamation must ensure removal of residual pollutants to a high degree so as to make the water acceptable for the designated reuse. There has been a growing interest worldwide to employ cost-effective treatment methods for polishing secondary treatment wastewater effluents. Carbon adsorption has proved to be an effective method for effluent polishing but treatment costs are relatively high.

AI-Ain wastewater treatment plant at Zakher has a design capacity of 54,000 m³/day and incorporates preliminary treatment, followed by extended aeration and dual-media filtration for effluent polishing before water reuse in irrigation. The chemical quality of the treated effluent …

Cadmium, Chromium And Lead In Environmental Samples : Speciation And Determination, Hsing-Hui Yu

Dissertations

Heavy metals are important contaminants in many environmental media. This work focuses on the improvement of current methods for water and sediment analysis for three metals, cadmium, chromium and lead. Batch ion exchange was used for water speciation and a microwave assisted sequential extraction scheme was developed for sediment characterization. The developed methods were applied to a group of environmental samples.

The exchangeable species of these metals in water were preconcentrated on ion exchange resins. These include the bioavailable free ions and weakly complexed ions. Metals sorbed on particles and strongly complexed ions, less bioavailable, were eliminated. The method was …

Applications Of A Microtrap For On-Line Monitoring Of Volatile Organics, Chaohua Feng

Dissertations

Microtrap is made by packing a narrow metal tubing with adsorbents. The advantage of a microtrap is that it can be heated and cooled in the order of seconds. It has been used previously as a concentration cum injection device for on-line gas chromatography and also monitoring non-methane organic carbon in air emissions. In this research breakthrough and desorption characteristics of the microtrap were studied. A two-stage microtrap system was developed to reduce breakthrough while making sharp injection for GC separation. Microtrap was also used as a concentrator cum injector in on-line mass spectrometry. Finally, a microtrap based, continuous non-methane …

Development Of Membrane Extraction Systems For Measuring Trace Level Organic Compounds In Water, Xuemei Guo

Dissertations

The presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground and surface water resources poses a threat to public health. The measurement of these trace level contaminants in water is of significant importance. Conventional methods for analysis of trace volatile organic compounds in water include purge and trap, head space analysis, and solid phase microextraction (SPME). While these are excellent laboratory techniques, none of them can be used for continuous, on-line monitoring of water streams. Membrane separation of organic compounds from water provides an exciting possibility for on-line extraction and analysis. In previous investigations, water continuously flowed on the feed side …

An Examination Of The Self-Perceptions Of The Physical Environment And Psychological Health Of Latina Women Living In The St. Columbia Neighborhood Of Newark, New Jersey, Veronica Maria Maya

Theses

A correlation between perceptions of environmental quality and psychological health has been established in a sample of Latina women. Three psychological scales exist to measure psychological constructs such as learned helplessness, hopelessness, and selfesteem. These three scales have been used in conjunction with an environmental survey designed to capture the perceptions of the sample to their physical environment.

The mean of scores for each psychological construct in the Latina sample were compared to the mean of scores for these constructs in independent samples of oncology, hemodialysis, and spinal cord injured patients being treated for depression. This comparison yields the following …

History Of Oxygenated Gasoline Use In New Jersey 1992-1998, Jean Niebuhr Borne

Theses

New Jersey has been required to use oxygenated gasoline from November 1 to March 30 since 1992 in order to reduce carbon monoxide from vehicles. This requirement was part of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. For the past six winters, New Jersey has utilized gasoline with methyl butyl tertiary ether, MTBE, as the oxygenate. In New Jersey, and in many states across the country, health complaints were reported after oxygenated fuel started flowing from gas pumps.

Oxybusters is a grassroots organization dedicated to the removal of oxygenated gasoline off the market. The group has pressured Governor Whitman to …

Proposals For Community Discussion. A Quality Future For Recreational Fishing In The Gascoyne. A Five-Year Management Strategy For Recreational Fishing., Gascoyne Recreational Fishing Working Group

Fisheries Management Papers

Gascoyne has seen a series of rapid developments in recreational fisheries management, starting with the introduction of state-wide bag limits in 1991; followed by area specific controls at Ningaloo in 1992; landing limits in Exmouth Gulf in 1993; strict controls on the take of pink snapper in Shark Bay’s inner gulfs in 1997; new bag limits for Shark Bay in 1998; and the introduction of a management system for the charter and aquatic tour industry in 1999. The management proposals presented for community discussion in this paper are aimed at maintaining or improving the quality and diversity of the Gascoyne's …

Coastal Land And Groundwater For Horticulture From Gingin To Augusta, Dennis Van Gool, Werner Runge

Resource management technical reports

Due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure needs, labour requirements and transport costs, horticulture is often located near major urban centres. This study focuses on the coastal plain region from Gingin to Augusta. This region accommodates over 80% of Western Australia’s population and includes the State’s major urban centres. This region accounts for over half the State’s horticultural production with a gross value of production of $244 million (adjusted ABS values, see section 1.2). Increasing population pressures and increasing demand for horticultural produce have resulted in competition for the limited land resources in this area.

The Interspecificity Of Distress Calls, A. T. Baxter, J. C. Bell, J. R. Allan, J. Fairclough

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

It is widely accepted that birds respond best to distress calls given by their own species. There is little information available however, which evaluates the effect of inter and intraspecific distress calls. During 1997 and 1998, distress calls from sub populations which are unfamiliar to local birds of the same species were assessed in Hong Kong and the U.K. Results were examined on a taxonomic basis. Response was found to be greater when con-specific calls were used. Response rates declined further as taxonomic relatedness decreased. Unlike other studies, distress calls of UK birds were effective on the same species in …

Recent Developments In The Use Of Flight Control To Repel Birds From Airports, Kenneth E. Ballinger Jr., Michael K. Gilmore, Rebecca W. Price

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Birds found at or near airport flight operations pose a threat to aircraft. There were 2843 reported bird strikes in the United States in 1997 and 837 reported bird strikes in Canada for the year 1998. Potential for loss of life and economic losses due to aircraft damage have driven the need for research into effective techniques in lowering the risk of bird strike in the immediate area of flight operations. Flight ControlÔ is a documented bird repellent. Flight ControlÔ was released commercially in January 1999 in the United States for use on turf, ornamental trees and bushes, building surfaces …

A Model To Determine The Severity Of A Birdstrike With Flocks Of Canada Geese, Richard Budgey, J. R. Allan

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

The number of birds of a flocking species likely to be ingested into an aircraft engine in a multiple birdstrike is of profound interest to engineers when they consider birdstrike tolerance in engine design. Of even more importance than the number of birds which may enter a single engine, when power can still be supplied by the remaining engines, is the probability of more than one engine suffering an ingestion. The historical birdstrike record can provide such information but is sometimes unreliable as it may be, of necessity, based upon unreliable data; the species of the birds involved may not …

The Avian Hazard Advisory System, T. Adam Kelly, Ronald Merritt, Thomas J. Donalds Maj., Ronald L. White

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

The Air Combat Command (ACC) Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG), in conjunction with Geo-Marine Inc., has developed a system to use NEXRAD weather radar data, weather forecasts, and known bird distributions, to identify bird hazards to military aircraft conducting low altitude, high speed training, and provide aircrews with hazard advisories. The paper presented here describes Phase I of AHAS implementation, the demonstration and validation phase, conducted during the fall 1998 migratory season in the Northeast U.S. Forecasts of bird activity for the next 24 hours, observations of current migratory conditions and historic data from the US Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) …

The Benefits And Costs Of Performing An Ecological Study At The Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport: A Journey Of Enlightenment, John Ostrom

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

MSP Ecological Study--Objectives 1. To identify any and all species of wildlife present at MSP that may pose a threat to aviation safety and to document their numbers, seasonal distribution, behavior and natural or man-made features that are attractive to wildlife on or near the airport.
2. To make recommendations for mitigation of identified wildlife attractants and management of wildlife species that may pose a threat to aviation safety.

Radar To Detect Foreign Object Ingestion By A Jet Engine, Gene Greneker

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Each year commercial, private and military aircraft jet engines are damaged by the ingestion of foreign objects. Annual engine repair costs for ingestion damage is in the tens of millions of dollars. Bird strikes represent the major foreign object threat to aircraft engines, although large hail and objects found on the ramp can also damage an engine. A radar based foreign object ingestion detection system (FOIDS) concept, the subject of this paper, is capable of determining when an object as small as 4 millimeters has entered a fan jet engine. Additionally, such a system is capable of determining the relative …

The Need To Strengthen The Icao Provisions Relating To Bird Control On And In The Vicinity Of Airports, Alistair Pinos

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Bird strikes to aircraft are a threat the safety of aviation and as air traffic continues to grow, their numbers appear to be increasing,. In 1965 ICAO began to monitor bird strikes through the collection of bird strike reports as it became clear that the turbine engined aircraft coming into wider use were more susceptible to bird strike damage than their predecessors. This data collection became automated in 1980 with the creation of the ICAO Bird Strike Information System (IBIS), which now contains information on more than 80 000 bird strikes. When IBIS was created, it was thought that approximately …

Pbi/Gordon’S Stronghold™ Plus Bk 800 Broadleaf Weed Control Reduces Mowing, And Eliminates Grass And Weed Seedheads, Earl Tracy

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

We entered the birdstrike arena last year at the Burke Lakefront Airport just prior to the 1998 Bird Strike Committee meeting. Stronghold was applied tank-mixed with Flight Control™ Bird Repellent from Environmental Biocontrol, International ,Wilmington, Delaware. The initial test on the airport was not conclusive, but the idea of the combination appealed to Dr. Richard Dolbeer, Project Leader, USDA , National Wildlife Research Center, Sandusky, Ohio. A second trial plot was established on government property at Sandusky, Ohio. The objective being to quantify the value of Stronghold to the bird repellent activity of Flight Control. The results are to be …

The German Military Geophysical Service. Bird Migration Observation, Warning And Forecasting System: New Developments Towards An Automated Bird Migration Information System, Wilhelm Ruhe

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

The German Military Geophysical Office (GMGO) has a more than 30-years experience in all fields of bird strike prevention. Military training and flight operations usually take place in low altitudes, where also a lot of birds are present, especially near coasts and during migration periods. About one third of all the GAF bird strikes occurs during low level flight operations. The most effective tool for bird strike prevention in military low level flying is the well proved system of
· continuous actual bird migration observation (visual and by radar),
· immediate reporting,
· centralised risk evaluation,
· online warning (BIRDTAM), …

Management Of The Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus Sinensis) On Guam To Minimize Threats To Aviation Safety, Daniel S. Vice, Mikel E. Pitzler

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Wildlife-aircraft collisions caused an estimated $114 million of damage annually to civilian aviation aircraft in the United States between 1993 and 1995 (Cleary et al. 1996). Significant damage to aircraft and crashes may result from the ingestion of one small bird (Cleary et al. 1996). Collisions that do not cause physical damage to aircraft often result in costs related to aircraft downtime while structural inspections are completed. Despite heightened awareness of the hazards wildlife present to aircraft, strikes occur often and occasionally have catastrophic results. The yellow bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) is a common breeding bird throughout the western Pacific. Yellow …

Thermal Imagery Applied To Reducing Bird Hazards To Aircraft At Airports, James R. Ivey Cpt.

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Airports worldwide are at a disadvantage when it comes to being able to spot birds and warn aircrews about the location of flocks either on the ground or close to the airfield. Birds simply cannot be easily seen during the day and are nearly invisible targets for planes at night or during low visibility. Thermal imaging (infrared) devices can be used to allow ground and tower personnel to pinpoint bird locations day or night, thus giving the airport operators the ability to launch countermeasures or simply warn the aircrews. This technology is available now, though it has been predominately isolated …

A Fixed Netting System As A Means Of Excluding Birds From A Domestic Waste Landfill, Vicky S. Jackson, J. Brown, J. R. Allan

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Many bird species are attracted to landfills which take domestic or putrescible waste. These sites provide a reliable, rich source of food which can attract large concentrations of birds. The birds may cause conflicts with human interest with respect to noise, birds carrying litter off site, possible transmission of pathogens in bird droppings and the potential for birdstrikes. In the UK there is an 8 mile safeguarding radius around an airfield, within which any planning applications must pass scrutiny from regulatory bodies to show they will not attract birds into the area and increase the birdstrike risk. Peckfield Landfill site …

Integrated Management Systems For Australian White Ibis (Threskiornis Molucca) On The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Phillip P. Shaw

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Fueled by a large supplemental food supply at landfills in South-east Queensland, Australian White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca) populations grew from an estimated 5000 to 10000 between 1995 and 1998. Ibis counted at Coolangatta Airport reflected this growth with a 556% increase between 1989 and 1995. The multimillion-dollar loss of a Qantas airbus engine from ingestion of an Ibis, resulted in the establishment of the Ibis Management Coordination Group (IMCG). This group, comprising government, industry and community representatives, instigated an integrated program of food reduction, restriction of breeding success and public education. The program has become an example for management programs …

The Use Of Night Landfilling To Reduce Bird Hazards To Aircraft Safety, Rolph A. Davis, Joseph Mangino

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

The Atlantic County Utilities Authority (ACUA) operates a ‘bulky waste’ (non-putrescible waste) landfill at a site that is 10,300 ft from the end of the main runway at the Atlantic City (NJ) International Airport (ACY). The airport supports the Federal Aviation Administration’s Technical Center. The ACUA also operates a transfer station at its site. Municipal solid waste (msw = putrescible) is delivered to the transfer station during the day. Previously, the msw was loaded onto transfer trucks and shipped to an out-of-state landfill. In October 1997, the ACUA received a permit to conduct a 2-year experiment to dispose of the …

Complete Control Of Nuisance Birds In Airport Hangars, Peter F. Vogt

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Fogging of ReJeX-iT7 TP-40 offers a very efficient method for the control and dispersal of nuisance birds from many diverse areas. The amount of the repellent is greatly reduced over any other control method. The method is direct and is independent of the activity of the birds. The applications with any fogger, thermal or mechanical, that can deliver droplets of less than 20 microns, can be manually or fully automated and pose only minimal risks to operators or animals. All birds that became a nuisance and safety problem in the hangars of TWA and AA at LaGuardia, and TWA warehouse …

Zero Bird-Strike Rate - An Achievable Target, Not A Pipedream, S. M. Satheesan

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

This paper explains how zero bird-strike rate can be achieved by any aerodrome by constant efforts and perseverance of a dedicated team as evidenced from the author’s experience on about 30 aerodromes in India. This paper stresses the importance of conducting survey of problem aerodromes every five years by an expert (Satheesan 1996c), necessity for employing an Ornithologist at every aerodrome, need for regular national-level training for bird-controllers (Satheesan, in press - b) and urgency for setting up Bird-strike Prevention Committees at national (interministerial) and airport levels. Bird strike rates were brought down to zero at the Trivandrum International Airport …

Coping Strategies For The Aircraft Birdstrike Problem: Resisting Impacts, Avoiding Collisions, And …, R. J. Speelman Iii, M. E. Kelley, R. E. Mccarty, J. J. Short

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

When birds and aircraft occupy the same airspace at the same time, bad things happen. Annual DoD costs probably exceed $200 Million per year, and dollar losses to world-wide aviation have been estimated at $3 Billion to $4 Billion per year (in US dollars). Much has been done in the past to improve the bird impact resistance of aircraft, and some further improvements would be cost effective on some aircraft. A new manufacturing technology for aircraft transparencies that can increase strength while slashing costs by 80% is one promising approach. However, the “law of diminishing returns” comes into play, and …

Evaluation Of Controlling Red-Tailed Hawks (Buteo Jamaicensis) Through Live Trapping And Relocation To Minimize Aircraft Strikes At Canadian Airports, Martin L. Wernaart, Terri L. Groh, Philip J. Roberts

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

Central and Southwestern Ontario is one of the largest migratory flyways for raptors in North America. The expanse of airfields and prey availability make airfields attractive to migrating raptors, which may result in an increase in over wintering birds. These birds do not readily scare with conventional wildlife control methods and have high public profile. Even though the strike risk is moderate, raptors routinely make the top ten list for strikes from all bird species (8%) at Canadian Airports. The potential for damage from a collision with raptor species is high due to their size and weight. It has been …

Bird Strike Risk Analysis On Aktion Airfield (Greece) And Recommendations For Improvements In Bird Strike Prevention, Heinrich Weitz

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

A survey of Aktion airfield in Greece was carried out from 14 to 18 October 1996 initiated by the Flight Safety Division of the NATO E-3A Component Geilenkirchen (Germany) as an reaction to the accident of an AWACS-aircraft on 14. July 1996, initially caused by a bird strike event. The survey of Aktion airfield led to the conclusion that the bird strike risk is extremely high at this airfield. Reasons are:
· The geographical location of the airfield at the Adriatic coast which is a migratory pathway for many birds.
· The location of the airfield on a narrow peninsula …