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Articles 20191 - 20220 of 1791685
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Climate-Adaptive Urban Arboretum: Designing Tree Diversity And Landscape Resilience Against Climate-Related Tree Diseases In Fargo, North Dakota, Rojin Ghafori Dehgolan
Climate-Adaptive Urban Arboretum: Designing Tree Diversity And Landscape Resilience Against Climate-Related Tree Diseases In Fargo, North Dakota, Rojin Ghafori Dehgolan
Landscape Architecture Theses
This thesis explores how climate change may influence the severity of Oak Wilt Disease and Dutch Elm Disease in Fargo, North Dakota, and how landscape design can respond to future urban forest health challenges. Urban trees are essential components of green landscapes because they provide shade, aesthetic value, ecological benefits, and social comfort. However, climate change is altering environmental conditions such as temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, humidity, drought, and flooding, all of which can influence plant disease development. This research focuses on two major tree diseases: Oak Wilt Disease, caused by Bretziella fagacearum, and Dutch Elm Disease, caused by …
Living Shorelines: A Regenerative Landscape Approach To Coastal Protection And Community Resilience In Bhasan Char, Bangladesh, Anamul Hoque Mojumder
Living Shorelines: A Regenerative Landscape Approach To Coastal Protection And Community Resilience In Bhasan Char, Bangladesh, Anamul Hoque Mojumder
Landscape Architecture Theses
Bhasan Char is a newly formed, unstable silt island in Bangladesh which is home for more than one million Rohingya refugees—an ethnic Muslim minority from Myanmar who have fled decades of systematic persecution and violence—suffering from an ecological and humanitarian crisis. This community faces extreme vulnerability from cyclones and sea-level rise on a landscape of profound precarity.
Traditional hard-engineered defenses are costly, ecologically damaging, and ineffective against the island’s dynamic geomorphology. This research proposes a regenerative "Living Shorelines" model, intersecting coastal resilience with refugee empowerment through Blue-Green Infrastructure. Drawing on successful global precedents in Vietnam and the USA, the study …
Gardens In The Sky: Rooftop Landscaping Design In The Chicago Downtown Environment, Noah Olson
Gardens In The Sky: Rooftop Landscaping Design In The Chicago Downtown Environment, Noah Olson
Landscape Architecture Theses
Cities around the world are becoming increasingly more susceptible to heat, largely due to the urban heat island effect (UHI). Green roofs, which essentially turn building tops into planted gardens, can be an effective and creative way for landscape architects to combat these problems. This thesis will use a literature review of peer-reviewed studies to examine green roof materials, designs, and performance in reducing UHI impacts and stormwater runoff. Findings show surface temperature reductions of 20-30°C, air cooling of 1-2°C, and 17-51% runoff retention. These results have been applied to redesign three terraces at the St. Regis Chicago: the 11th-floor …
Prairie Haven: Combating Urban Sprawl With Ecological Landscape Assemblage In Forest Lake, Minnesota, Ryan Anthony Calhoun
Prairie Haven: Combating Urban Sprawl With Ecological Landscape Assemblage In Forest Lake, Minnesota, Ryan Anthony Calhoun
Landscape Architecture Theses
Contemporary residential developments frequently default to sprawl, creating fragmented environments that lack both environmental resilience and authentic human interconnection. This thesis explores how landscape architects can utilize Assemblage Theory to design residential developments where sustainable materials, ecological systems, and social elements dynamically assemble to create a meaningful, human-scaled sense-of-place. By synthesizing the structural planning efficiency of New Urbanism, the ecological imperatives of Landscape Urbanism, and the metrics-driven performance of Ecological Urbanism, this research develops a hybridized operational approach to residential development. Applied to a master plan in Forest Lake, Minnesota, the design for “Prairie Haven” demonstrates how treating a neighborhood …
Temporality Waters: Connecting People To The Brays Bayou Through Memory, Culture, And Identity Experiences In Houston, Texas, Khulda Aamir Obaid
Temporality Waters: Connecting People To The Brays Bayou Through Memory, Culture, And Identity Experiences In Houston, Texas, Khulda Aamir Obaid
Landscape Architecture Theses
Communities across Texas face increasing hydrological pressures from natural climate variability, changing precipitation patterns, and rapid urban growth. Although directly attributing extreme precipitation events to anthropogenic climate change is complicated by internal variability and observational limitations (de Vries et al., 2023; Griffin et al., 2024; IPCC, 2021; National Academies, 2016), cities such as Houston are preparing for more frequent and intense storms. Historical floods—including Tropical Storm Allison, the Memorial Day and Tax Day floods, and Hurricane Harvey—have exposed the limits of Houston’s predominantly hard-infrastructure flood management. The Brays Bayou watershed, particularly the Meyerland neighborhood, shows heightened vulnerability, where impervious surfaces, …
Border Patches: Reconnecting Ecology And Human Experiences At The U.S.-Mexico Border, Shima Goodarzi
Border Patches: Reconnecting Ecology And Human Experiences At The U.S.-Mexico Border, Shima Goodarzi
Landscape Architecture Theses
International borders are among the most engineered and ecologically fragmented landscapes in the world. Along the U.S.-Mexico border, infrastructure systems such as walls, patrol roads, and cleared enforcement zones have disrupted wildlife movement, fragmented habitats, altered hydrological systems, and limited social interaction between neighboring communities.
This thesis develops a digital environmental twin framework to evaluate ecological and social connectivity within the San Diego-Tijuana border region. Using ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS Urban, spatial datasets including land cover, habitat suitability, hydrology, circulation networks, and urban density were analyzed to identify areas with high ecological potential and opportunities for intervention.
The research informed …
Birds, Bees, + Butterflies: Restoring Suburban Wildlife Homes And Habitats In Bismarck, Nd, Elena Joubert
Birds, Bees, + Butterflies: Restoring Suburban Wildlife Homes And Habitats In Bismarck, Nd, Elena Joubert
Landscape Architecture Theses
For centuries humanity has been expanding its borders, stretching in and across a wide range of ecosystems, optimizing the land for human use and habitation. Animal-aided design is a possible solution to the loss of habitats; a new methodology of designing green spaces for the use of specific native species. Green spaces are vital to the mental and physical well-being of people, and the presence of native species such as songbirds or butterflies can further increase those benefits. Only 4.2% of North Dakota is developed land, referring to urban and industrial usage, but within these spaces are opportunities to conserve …
Resilient Placemaking: Enhancing Community Identity, Streetscapes, And Public Spaces In Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, Ellen R. Nampel
Resilient Placemaking: Enhancing Community Identity, Streetscapes, And Public Spaces In Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, Ellen R. Nampel
Landscape Architecture Theses
This thesis provides a plan to revitalize downtown Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, by improving its public spaces. While the downtown is currently stable, this research proactively addresses future risks like economic decline and the loss of local identity. By combining placemaking with urban resilience strategies, the study shows how better street designs can bring people together and support local businesses. The proposed design focuses on three goals: turning empty lots into flexible event spaces for community gatherings, making streets safer and easier to walk by reducing car dominance, and using local branding to celebrate the city’s history. These changes aim to …
Hydrologic Harmonies: Weaving Water Corridors Into Fargo's Park, Trail, And Open Space Network, Isaac Janssen
Hydrologic Harmonies: Weaving Water Corridors Into Fargo's Park, Trail, And Open Space Network, Isaac Janssen
Landscape Architecture Theses
This thesis investigates how Fargo’s river corridors can be redesigned as connected, multi-functional public landscapes that strengthen community access, expand recreational opportunities, and support nature-based education. Although the Wild Rice and Red Rivers shape the city’s identity, decades of flood-control infrastructure and fragmented access have limited the public’s relationship with these waterways. As Fargo continues to grow and adapt to changing hydrologic conditions, the need for resilient, accessible, and educational riverfront spaces has become increasingly urgent.
Using a mixed-method approach that integrates literature review, precedent analysis, GIS-based site assessment, and iterative design exploration, this project develops a framework for reconnecting …
The Green Spine: Reimagining The Central Campus Of North Dakota State University Through Social Green Spaces And Pedestrian Connections, Lydia Ham
Landscape Architecture Theses
This thesis studies how landscape architecture can reimagine university campuses as connected, flexible, and functional environments that enhance how people will interact with the outdoor environment. Focusing on North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota, the project focuses on adding green space where there are currently underutilized open spaces. Key principles of successful campus landscapes focus on including well defined circulation systems, spatial variety, and multifunctional use. Where research has developed three focus zones including Bison Green, Prairie Common, and Herd Crossing to show how integrated landscape systems can support movement, learning, and recreation while still maintaining an overall …
Green Space Behind Bars: Designing For Resident Wellbeing At The Heart River Correctional Center Near Mandan, Nd, Kaja Holtz
Landscape Architecture Theses
This design thesis reimagines the environment of the Heart River Correctional Center by transforming the outdoor space into a therapeutic space for resident wellbeing. The current environments of minimum security correctional centers in the United States, focuses heavily on security and control without the emphasis on rehabilitation and reentry. In response, the design introduces organic pathways for framed views and meandering, social areas to promote joyfulness and meditative spaces for reflection and healing. Along with other programs and integrating these specific therapeutic spaces, this project aims to shed light on an overlooked environment and design for wellbeing.
Link To Home + Back: A Transit-Oriented Mixed-Use Bridge Between Neighborhood, Nature + The City Of Lynnwood, Wa, Rushell Paola Martinez Reyes
Link To Home + Back: A Transit-Oriented Mixed-Use Bridge Between Neighborhood, Nature + The City Of Lynnwood, Wa, Rushell Paola Martinez Reyes
Landscape Architecture Theses
Link to Home + Back: A Transit-Oriented Bridge Between Neighborhood, Nature + The City of Lynnwood, WA. Is a project that seeks to help achieve a better connectivity in an area close to the City Center Station that is currently lacking connectivity in all aspects but, vehicular traffic. This is an important issue to resolve, since with a better connectivity and pedestrian and cyclist circulation the chances of people walking to and from the transit station to make use of it increase dramatically, which eventually helps reduce the pollution produced by vehicles. This research aims to study if transit-oriented development …
2026 Nsu Graduate Commencement Program, Nova Southeastern University
2026 Nsu Graduate Commencement Program, Nova Southeastern University
NSU Commencement Programs
May 5, 2026
- Shepard Broad College of Law
May 8, 2026
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy
- College of Dental Medicine
- College of Optometry
May 8, 2026
- College of Computing, AI, and Cybersecurity
- College of Psychology
- H. Wayne Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship
May 13, 2026
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Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice
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Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Research Center
May 13, 2026
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Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine and Dr. Pallavi Patel School of Health Sciences
May 14, 2026
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Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of …
2026 Nsu Undergraduate Commencement Program, Nova Southeastern University
2026 Nsu Undergraduate Commencement Program, Nova Southeastern University
NSU Commencement Programs
May 4, 2026
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Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice
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College of Psychology
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H. Wayne Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship
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College of Computing, Al, and Cybersecurity
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Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Research Center
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Shepard Broad College of Law
May 5, 2026
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Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine and Dr. Pallavi Patel School of Rehabilitative Sciences
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Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine and Dr. Pallavi Patel School of Health Sciences
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Ron and Kathy Assaf College of Nursing
The Scoop, Vol. 13 Issue 2, May 2026, Health Sciences Library
The Scoop, Vol. 13 Issue 2, May 2026, Health Sciences Library
Volume 13
Latest news and updates from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for May 2026. Please see page 2 for a text-only version of this issue!
Adoption And The Illusion Of Choice After Dobbs V. Jackson Women’S Health, Solangel Maldonado
Adoption And The Illusion Of Choice After Dobbs V. Jackson Women’S Health, Solangel Maldonado
Cardozo Law Review
Thalia, a twenty-eight-year-old mother of two, has struggled with a substance use disorder for several years. Her children, ages five and seven, are in foster care. Thalia was homeless when she learned that she was fourteen weeks pregnant. She wanted to have an abortion, but her state banned abortions after the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. The closest abortion care provider in a neighboring state was 400 miles away, and a medical (non-surgical) abortion was no longer an option.
Unable to access abortion care, Thalia was forced to carry the pregnancy to term. Her …
Autonomous Contracts And Transformative Justice: Practicing Family Law Without Court Intervention, D Dangaran, Andy Izenson
Autonomous Contracts And Transformative Justice: Practicing Family Law Without Court Intervention, D Dangaran, Andy Izenson
Cardozo Law Review
Legal scholars have made calls to “abolish family court” or “abolish the family.” Before family court can be abolished, society must reduce its reliance on state interventions to resolve family disputes. This Article applies abolition theory and the praxis of “non-reformist reforms,” derived from Black feminist thought and the prison abolition movement, to family law. It details the context of the current “carceral” interventions that rely on state enforcement and then categorizes alternative family law tools into noncarceral, anticarceral, and transformative practices. Noncarceral approaches, such as private ordering through prenuptial, “no-nuptial,” and separation agreements, and establishing parentage for assisted reproduction …
The Green Amendment As A Substantive Canon, Blake Zimmerman
The Green Amendment As A Substantive Canon, Blake Zimmerman
Cardozo Law Review
State-level environmental rights amendments, commonly referred to as “Green Amendments,” embody inspired ideals of the environmental conditions owed to all. Their aspirational language—promising a clean and healthful environment for present and future generations—intuits bold action. Nonetheless, when leveraged as a standalone cause of action, the Green Amendment’s ability to exact substantive outcomes has proven less inspired, and jurisprudence in the three Green Amendment states—New York, Pennsylvania, and Montana—reveals several shortcomings. These include that the Green Amendment has been interpreted as providing only procedural rights, the Green Amendment generally does not reach private parties, the Green Amendment’s broad language begets circumspect …
Scrolling For Connection: The Influence Of Loneliness, Self-Esteem, And Stress On Susceptibility To Conformity-Driven Online Purchasing And Gambling Behaviors In Generation Z, Emily M. Bauknight
Scrolling For Connection: The Influence Of Loneliness, Self-Esteem, And Stress On Susceptibility To Conformity-Driven Online Purchasing And Gambling Behaviors In Generation Z, Emily M. Bauknight
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to examine the relationships among loneliness, self-esteem, conformity, and online purchasing and gambling behaviors in Generation Z college students. To do so, a cross-sectional design was implemented with a sample of 69 undergraduate and graduate students who completed self-report measures assessing self-esteem, loneliness, conformity, psychological distress, online shopping addiction, and online gambling severity. Data were analyzed using SPSS through multiple and simple linear regression analyses, moderated regression, and Pearson correlations. Results indicated that selfesteem and loneliness were not significant predictors of conformity, and conformity did not predict online shopping or gambling behaviors. Additionally, self-esteem, loneliness, and conformity …
Side-To-Side Differences In Three-Dimensional Femoral Head Coverage Associated With Initial Symptom Development In Patients With Bilateral Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip, Jiayi Sun
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is characterized by insufficient acetabular coverage of the femoral head and is a recognized cause of hip pain, instability, and early osteoarthritis. Although bilateral deformity is common, symptoms often first develop in only one hip. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine whether, in patients with bilateral DDH, side-to-side differences in three-dimensional (3D) femoral head coverage vary according to radiographic symmetry defined by the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA); and (2) to determine whether hips that appear radiographically symmetric still demonstrate focal 3D asymmetry.
This retrospective imaging-based study included patients with bilateral DDH …
Establishing Caenorhabditis Elegans As A Platform For Bioaccumulation And Selectivity Screening Of Anthelmintic Compounds, Jiarui Li
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
To address the cuticular barrier in anthelmintic discovery, this study establishes a bifurcated framework in Caenorhabditis elegans. First, HPLC-based quantification of 14 PIM inhibitors revealed that cuticular penetrance is primarily dictated by phylogenetic lineage (Clade V) rather than ecological niche. Specifically, C. elegans demonstrated a significant pharmacokinetic correlation with the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Clade V) but not the whipworm Trichuris muris (Clade I), validating it as a superior surrogate model for hookworm bioaccumulation. Within this small molecule inhibitor library, SGI-12was identified as a lead candidate with superior potency against C. elegans and bioaccumulation. Second, target validation using a C. …
Multiscale Architecture Governs Stability In Suction-Actuated Variable Stiffness Catheters, Sheridan Lee
Multiscale Architecture Governs Stability In Suction-Actuated Variable Stiffness Catheters, Sheridan Lee
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Endovascular procedures require devices with widely varying mechanical properties: flexibility for navigating tortuous vessels and rigidity for stable therapeutic delivery. Suction-actuated variable stiffness sheaths address this challenge by incorporating axial wire string arrays that mechanically couple under suction to increase flexural rigidity. However, prototype devices achieve stiffening ratios below theoretical predictions, suggesting that interlayer mechanics and string positioning play a critical role. This study investigates whether interweaving polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape within the string array enhances flexural rigidity modulation and curvature stability. Prototype devices with varying wrap configurations were fabricated and evaluated using flexural testing, curvature stability testing, and mathematical modeling. …
Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd)-Based Performance Prediction Of Transcatheter Microvascular Plugs In Single-Ventricle Patients, Zhuhuan Zou
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Transcatheter palliation using fenestrated Modified Micro Vascular Plugs (MVP) has emerged as a promising, minimally invasive alternative to surgical pulmonary artery banding (PAB) for high-risk neonates with single-ventricle physiology. However, clinical applications are currently limited by the difficulty in predicting the resulting pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio () and the lack of a standardized approach for selecting the optimal fenestration size. This study utilizes patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to quantitatively evaluate the impact of varying fenestration diameters on circulatory balance. Patient-specific 3D models of the pulmonary artery (PA) were reconstructed from imaging data for two clinical cases using SimVascular. Transient CFD …
Prevention Of Dementia Using Mobile Phone Applications (Prodemos) – A Health-Economic Cost-Utility Analysis In People Aged 55–75 Years With Low Socio-Economic Status, Ron Handels, Marieke Hoevenaar-Blom, Manshu Song, Carol Brayne, Eric Moll Van Charante, Fiona E. Matthews, Junfang Xu, Linus Jönsson, Nicola Coley, Rachael Brooks, Xuening Jian, Tingting Qin, Youxin Wang, Wei Wang, Edo Richard, Anders Wimo
Prevention Of Dementia Using Mobile Phone Applications (Prodemos) – A Health-Economic Cost-Utility Analysis In People Aged 55–75 Years With Low Socio-Economic Status, Ron Handels, Marieke Hoevenaar-Blom, Manshu Song, Carol Brayne, Eric Moll Van Charante, Fiona E. Matthews, Junfang Xu, Linus Jönsson, Nicola Coley, Rachael Brooks, Xuening Jian, Tingting Qin, Youxin Wang, Wei Wang, Edo Richard, Anders Wimo
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Introduction We aimed to explore the potential incremental cost-effectiveness of the PRODEMOS coach-supported mobile health intervention for primary prevention of dementia versus standard of care provided to people aged 55–75 years with low socio-economic status (SES) in the United Kingdom (UK), and any SES in China. Methods 12–18-month PRODEMOS trial (ISRCTN15986016) efficacy outcomes on hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity and smoking were extrapolated to lifetime impact on dementia onset, myocardial infarction, stroke and death using a health-economic open-source simulation model. Results Simulated outcomes showed dementia cases were avoided (UK = -206 (-658 to 281), China = -140 (-456 to 205) …
Characterizing Negative Academic Experiences, Danae M. Gaytan
Characterizing Negative Academic Experiences, Danae M. Gaytan
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
According to the 2024 National College Health Assessment, roughly one in five college students experience serious psychological distress (ACHA, 2024). High levels of psychological distress among college students are well-documented (Emmerton et al., 2024; Eisenberg et al., 2013; Bewick et al., 2010), yet less is known about the specific experiences that contribute to this distress. Grounded in multiple theoretical frameworks, this study examines students’ negative academic experiences, their perceived causes, and associated outcomes. Using an online crowdsourcing platform, current higher education students (N = 215) described their most negative academic experience (NAE) and then answered questions about their reactions and …
Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2024, Jeremy Ross
Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2024, Jeremy Ross
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
The 2024 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being …
Survey Of Medieval Literature On Maternal Mortality, Postpartum Care, And Birth Trauma In Relation To The Crisis In Arkansas, Paige Q. Thompson
Survey Of Medieval Literature On Maternal Mortality, Postpartum Care, And Birth Trauma In Relation To The Crisis In Arkansas, Paige Q. Thompson
English Undergraduate Honors Theses
When the general public thinks of childbirth in the Middle Ages, they think of death and danger. However, Arkansas has the highest maternal mortality rate in the entire United States, and many of those deaths are preventable. There have been previous analyses on different medieval texts as well as research into modern Arkansas, but none have made a direct connection between the two subjects. By analyzing medieval literature to understand cultural norms surrounding childbirth and postpartum care, patterns can be traced to modern Arkansas, where needless deaths are still prevalent. Ultimately, medieval texts demonstrate cultural attitudes surrounding blame toward women …
How Ai Destroys Institutions, Woodrow Hartzog, Jessica Silbey
How Ai Destroys Institutions, Woodrow Hartzog, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
Civic institutions—the rule of law, universities, and a free press—are the backbone of democratic life. They are the mechanisms through which complex societies encourage cooperation and stability, while also adapting to changing circumstances. The real superpower of institutions is their ability to evolve and adapt within a hierarchy of authority and a framework for roles and rules, while maintaining legitimacy for the knowledge produced and the actions taken. Purpose-driven institutions built around transparency, cooperation, and accountability empower individuals to take intellectual risks and challenge the status quo. This happens through the machinations of interpersonal relationships within those institutions, which broaden …
Revocation Reconsidered: Probation Advocacy Through A Litigation Lens, Shira M. Diner
Revocation Reconsidered: Probation Advocacy Through A Litigation Lens, Shira M. Diner
Faculty Scholarship
Being found in violation of probation has dire consequences. The person found in violation can be imprisoned, upending them from their job, family, and community. Unlike incarceration after a criminal trial, a sentence after a violation of probation is not the result of a legal process characterized by robust due process protections. It is also often not the result of a forceful and thorough defense. It is instead the consequence of a hearing where lawyers with the fixed mindset of an inevitable finding of a violation don’t engage in the same preparation that they would if it was a trial. …
Addressing Low Vaccination Rates In Lewis County, New York: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study, Samantha Carter
Addressing Low Vaccination Rates In Lewis County, New York: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study, Samantha Carter
Anthropology
Low rates of on-time human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination continue to remain a significant public health concern, particularly in rural communities, one being Lewis County NY, which reports the lowest rate of vaccination in the state. This study, through Upstate Medical University, uses a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) model in efforts to examine barriers to HPV vaccination and identifying community-driven solutions formulated by committee members from within the community. A steering committee composed of researchers and community members, who were also co-researchers, worked collaboratively to develop and distribute surveys to healthcare providers, dentists, and parents. Responses revealed that while many parents …