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Amino Acid Pet Tracers For Cancer Imaging And Response Assessment, Ugur Akca

ETDs from 2020-2029

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade glioma (HGG) pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive biology and the limitations of [¹⁸F]FDG PET, which suffers from nonspecific uptake in inflammatory tissues, complicating differentiation of viable tumor from treatment-related effects. Computed Tomography, while strong for structural changes, has limited soft tissue contrast for distinguishing tumor from inflammation, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, despite superior soft tissue resolution, struggles with differentiating active tumor from post-treatment changes like edema or necrosis due to nonspecific enhancement. These challenges highlight the necessity for complementary and advanced imaging strategies for improved diagnosis and monitoring. This …

Bidirectional Effects Of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation On Insomnia And Brain Health In Breast Cancer, Melissa Van Trang Do

ETDs from 2020-2029

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, with over 2.3 million new cases annually. While advances in treatment have improved survival, many women continue to suffer from persistent insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction that collectively impair quality of life and recovery. These interrelated symptoms share common biological underpinnings, including autonomic dysregulation, vagal withdrawal, and chronic inflammation. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive, bioelectronic therapy that modulates afferent vagal pathways via auricular branches of the vagus and trigeminal nerves. By engaging central autonomic and neuroimmune circuits, including the nucleus tractus solitarius and …

Clinical Decision Support Using Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Yun-Chi Lin

ETDs from 2020-2029

Medical imaging plays a central role in modern clinical decision-making, yet its effective integration with artificial intelligence (AI) remains challenged by real-world clinical constraints. This dissertation investigates how medical imaging-based AI frameworks can be strategically designed to support clinical decision-making for two distinct but clinically critical scenarios: acute pandemic care and chronic neurodegenerative disease management. In acute pandemic settings, such as the COVID-19 crisis, healthcare systems face an urgent need for rapid risk stratification under conditions of data scarcity and operational stress including surges in patient volume and limited medical resources. This work explores strategies for developing deep learning models …

Investigating Stromal Cell-Mediated Biomechanics For Angiogenesis And Reperfusion In A 3d Microfluidic Model For Ischemic Vascular Disease, Vaishali Bala

ETDs from 2020-2029

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects millions worldwide, causing tissue ischemia and impaired healing due to insufficient blood flow. Current therapeutic strategies to promote revascularization remain limited, largely because the mechanical regulation of angiogenesis is poorly understood. While biochemical growth factors like VEGF have been extensively studied, the role of mechanical forces generated by stromal cells in the perivascular matrix remains underexplored. This dissertation investigated how stromal cell contractility drives vascular growth through mechanotransduction pathways and modulation of endothelial cell-cell junctions. Using 3D fibrin or fibrin-collagen-I-based microtissues and compartmentalized microfluidic devices, we characterized the mechanical phenotypes of multiple fibroblast populations and …

Biomineralization Of Low Temperature Plasma(Ltp) Modified Polymeric Biomaterials And Scaffolds, John Patrick Bradford

ETDs from 2020-2029

Bio-integration, specifically osseo-integration of bone implants and scaffolds, are vital for the success of implants and bone tissue engineering (BTE). Calcification can be defined as the deposition of calcium compounds as either calcium phosphate(CaP) minerals consisting of hydroxyapatite(HAP) or CaP salts. The significance of the variety of phases of CaP is that mature bone matrix is composed of 65% CaP mineral. Many investigators have attempted to model the natural matrix by producing materials containing calcium phosphate in both amorphous CaP or in the more crystalline HAP form, with biomaterials (both synthetic and biological). Biomimetic CaP formation is a sign of …

Mechanical Performance Evaluation Of Natural Composites Recycled Hemp Rice Bag Reinforced With And Without Silicon Carbide Particles, Gaber A. Elawadi, A. S. Fayed

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Significant progress has been made in the development of natural fiber-reinforced composite materials, owing to their potential to enhance mechanical properties while offering a greener and more sustainable alternative to traditional materials. These materials combine superior ecological benefits with enhanced mechanical performance. This study examines how recycled hemp fiber bags, including recycled hemp fibers obtained from rice hemp fiber bags, affect the mechanical characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced composites. Four composite systems were fabricated and tested: (1) HFR (randomly chipped recycled hemp fiber bags–epoxy composite), (2) HFB (continuous recycled hemp fiber bag–epoxy composite), (3) HFR SiC (randomly chipped recycled hemp …

Photocrosslinkable Morin-Loaded Gelatin-G-Gma Composite Hydrogel For Accelerating Burn Wound Healing: In Vitro And In Vivo Assessments, Samar A. Salim

Nanotechnology Research Centre

The impaired skin regeneration, scarring, and delayed healing make the management of burn injuries a challenging task. We designed a photopolymerized hydrogel of gelatin-grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) for burn management applications. Hydrogel was incorporated with Morin, a plant flavonoid that was originally isolated from the Moraceae family, with known anti-antioxidant and antifibrotic activities. The physicochemical characterization of the resultant hydrogel, including its gelation time and swelling properties, was conducted. The characterization results indicated that the hydrogel development was successful, exhibiting well-established porosity, as evidenced by the SEM images. In vivo evaluation demonstrated improved tissue regeneration characterized by enhanced collagen …

Transient Grating Spectroscopy Nondestructively Characterizes The Mechanics Of Rubbery Polymers And Soft Gels, Christopher W. Barney, Angela A. Pitenis, Bolin Liao, Allison L. Chau

University Research

Designing efficient mechanisms for moving mechanical assemblies requires the use of materials with well-defined mechanical responses. Appropriate methods are needed to characterize these mechanical responses. Mechanical characterization of soft materials is critical in the high strain rate regime where intuition from manipulating a material at low rates fails to translate to applications including impact protection, tire traction, and sound damping. Here, transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) is used to measure wave propagation for soft elastomers and hydrogels. TGS is a non-destructive and non-contact optoacoustic technique that enables high strain rate measurements of the bulk modulus, a measure of a material's resistance …

Concept Of Cccus Technology For Co2 Recycling In Deep Unmineable Coal Seams, Liang Weiguo, Yan Jiwei, Zhu Dijie, Guo Hongguang, Gong Li, Niu Dong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background China possesses substantial resources of deep unmineable coal seams, which hold considerable potential for CO₂ sequestration. However, simply sequestrating CO₂ in deep coal seams incurs high economic costs while also wasting deep coal resources. The microbial conversion of sequestrated CO₂ into methane (CH₄) enables circular carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCCUS), which is of great significance for the sustainable development of both resources and the environment.Methods Using a range of methods, including experimental study, theoretical analysis, and engineering simulations, CCCUS in deep unmineable coal seams is designed to (1) reveal the mechanisms behind …

Fuzzy Pi Controller For Frequency Control Of A Diesel-Pv-Battery-Based Islanded Ac Microgrid, M. S. Elborlsy, Ramadan M. Mostafa, Hossam E. Keshta, Mohamed A. Ghalib

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Effective management of modern electrical grids requires intelligent and adaptable control mechanisms to effectively balance power supply and demand, particularly in times of significant disturbances. Microgrids predominantly harness renewable energy sources (RES), which are inherently variable, for electricity generation. However, due to these fluctuations, conventional control systems often struggle to optimize performance under diverse operational conditions. This study addresses the need for improved frequency regulation in isolated AC microgrids (MGs) by proposing a fuzzy PI (FPI) controller capable of dynamically adjusting control strategies to accommodate disturbances such as three-phase faults, sudden changes in load, and variations in solar irradiance. A …

Direct Solar-Energy Powered Hydrothermal Treatment To Promote Biomethane Production From Anaerobic Digestion Of Rice Processing Waste, Kainat Rahnuma

Student Theses and Dissertations

Hydrolysis is a slow and energy-intensive process and a rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion (AD). This research investigates performance strategies for integrating hydrothermal treatment (HT) with AD. HT-AD systems were less economically viable than AD-only options because of the high energy consumption of HT. Therefore, we used solar energy to conduct HT via either solar cookers or solar panels. The HT method significantly improved digestion performance, reducing the lag phase from 60 to 24 h, and increasing overall yield. Hydrothermally treated rice, rice bran, and rice hulls produced 22,932 mL, 13,136 mL, and 1283 mL, respectively. However, untreated rice, rice …

Fostering Engineering Identities And Attitudes Through Place-Conscious Learning Introduction, Rebekah Hammack, Miracle Moonga, Nicholas Lux, Paul Gannon

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Limited research focuses on how participating in place-conscious engineering affects students’ engineering identities and attitudes toward engineering. This explanatory sequential mixed methods study investigated the effect of engaging elementary school students in place-conscious engineering activities on their engineering identities and attitudes toward engineering. Twenty fourth grade students enrolled in a rural elementary school in the northwestern United States completed two place-conscious engineering activities: (1) after a local wildfire polluted the air with smoke and made it unhealthy for breathing, students designed and built air filters to prevent smoke from entering the homes of affected families residing in a nearby community, …

Design Concept For Low-Cost Management Of Early Medial Or Lateral Osteoarthritis, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

Background: Asymmetrical joint space narrowing occurs in many cases of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of the present study is to elucidate the biomechanics of lateral wedges in shoes used to widen the medial joint space in predominantly medial OA, and the biomechanics of medial wedges in shoes used to widen the lateral joint space in predominantly lateral OA. Methods: Medial or lateral shift of the center of weight bearing of the foot is largely offset by movement of the flexible hip joint, which changes the tilt angle of the femoral head in the frontal plane. The altered tilt can …

Intelligent Control Strategies For Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors: A Review, Ghufran Saad Mohammed, Mohammed Obaid Mustafa

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) have been widely employed in numerous applications, on account of their high efficiency, compact structure, and high-performance torque control. Nevertheless, the dynamic and uncertain control PMSMs under the action of system perturbation and variation is a difficult problem in the field of traditional control law by using Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID),Field oriented control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) etc. In this article, we offer a critical survey of intelligent control methods such as Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) and discuss their advantages in accommodating …

Raw Data Files Contributing To "Changes In Apoe And Timp-1 Expression Correlate With Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier Disruption In An In Vitro Model Of Retinal Aging", Elizabeth Vargis

Browse all Datasets

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Unfortunately, the early stages of this disease are poorly understood, which has led to limited treatment options. Investigating normal changes in tissues eventually affected by AMD can further elucidate the mechanisms of disease progression and lead to novel therapeutic targets. The primary cell layer affected in AMD is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which forms the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB). Beneath the RPE lies Bruch’s membrane, a proteinaceous layer that naturally thickens and stiffens with age. These changes to Bruch’s membrane are also implicated in RPE dysfunction and AMD …

Evaluating The Fate And Variability Of Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Species Under Conservation Practices In The Raccoon River Watershed, Zhonglong Zhang, May Wu

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study evaluates the fate and variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and nitrogen species using the latest version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool– Carbon (SWAT-C) and assesses how conservation practices influence their dynamics in the Raccoon River Watershed (RRW). Dominated by intensive agricultural pro- duction, the RRW is a significant contributor of sediment and nutrient loads to local rivers and the Mississippi River. This SWAT-C model simulates the export of SOC and nitrogen species and evaluates their responses under varying management scenarios. Model calibration was performed for streamflow, sediment, nitrate, total nitrogen, and organic carbon with …

Theoretical Analysis Of Mir-Based Differential Photoacoustic Spectroscopy For Noninvasive Glucose Sensing, Tasnim Ahmed, Khan Mahmud, Md Rejvi Kaysir, Shazzad Rassel, Dayan Ban

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research

Diabetes is a developing global health concern that cannot be cured, necessitating frequent blood glucose monitoring and dietary management. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) in the mid-infrared (MIR) region has recently emerged as a viable noninvasive blood glucose monitoring technique. However, MIR-PAS confronts significant challenges: (i) Water absorption, which reduces light penetration, and (ii) interference from other blood components. This paper systematically analyzes the background of photoacoustic signal generation and proposes a differential PAS (DPAS) in the MIR region for removing the background signals arising from water and other interfering components of blood, which improves the overall detection sensitivity. A detailed mathematical …

A Deep Learning-Based Real-Time No-Reference Image Decolorization Network With Perceptual Preservation, Mengjuan Zhao, Yitao Liang, Weiya Shi, Juan Xia

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Currently, grayscale images are preferred as input data for some specific vision tasks. Decolorization is the transformation of a color image into a grayscale image. Efficient decolorization algorithms can improve the overall task efficiency, while perceptual preservation in decolorization can provide more information for further processing. In recent research, traditional methods focus on preserving contrast or detail information with little attention to perceptual features. Deep-learning methods are beginning to consider perceptual preservation, but they run inefficiently. In addition, the decolorization methods lack the optimal target grayscale images for reference. Therefore, we propose a new deep learning-based real-time no-reference decolorization network …

Why Agtech Startups Fail? Evidence From Global Shutdown Patterns In 2025 And The Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, Ankit Chandra, Ishani Lal

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Agricultural technologies are widely seen as a driver for sustainability, resilience, and food-system transformation. Yet in 2025, agtech startup across North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa experienced multiple shutdowns. Although each company closed for its own reasons, the failures highlight consistent underlying patterns. We analyze 18 publicly reported shutdowns across controlled-environment agriculture (CEA), robotics, insect protein, digital platforms, sensors, and ag-biotechnology. We find that most ventures struggled not with scientific feasibility but with economic and adoption dynamics at the farm level. We identify a Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, in which the capital and operational burden of a technology exceeds farmers’ capacity …

Trust In Automation Causing Automation Complacency In Relation To General Aviation: A Quantitative Study, Bart Augustin Marcules

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative causal-comparative study examined whether a relationship exists between Trust in Automation (TIA) and the potential for automation complacency in general aviation between pilots flying automated and non-automated aircraft as single pilots, while controlling for pilot generation. Autonomation can lead to automation complacency through overreliance and trust in the automation. Automation complacency may cause pilots to lose situational awareness and be surprised by automation surprises, leading to detrimental outcomes. Although automation complacency has long challenged commercial pilots, resulting in significant research on this issue, little research has focused on this issue in general aviation. The limited research is due …

Distributed Model Predictive Control-Based Power Management Scheme For Grid-Integrated Microgrids, Sergio Escareno, Sijo Augustine, Liang Sun, Sathishkumar J. Ranade, Olga Lavrava, Enrico Pontelli, John Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Transitioning from traditional electrical grids to smart grids is currently an ongoing process that many nations are striving for due to their access to renewable resources. Energy management is one of the key parameters that decides the performance of such complex systems. Distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC) is a promising technique that can be used to improve the energy management of grid-connected systems. This paper analyzes a grid-connected inverter system with DMPC that exchanges key operating parameters with the grid to optimize coordinated power sharing between its respective loads. The state-space model for the inverter is derived and verified to …

Volumetric Wear Analysis Of Polyethylene Orthopedic Liners Using Point Clouds, Gabriel Landi

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

In vivo wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) orthopedic bearings represents a major problem in shoulder and knee arthroplasty, with significant amounts of devices failing due to the complication itself, and even more due to associated reasons for retrieval, including aseptic loosening. However, quantification of UHMWPE wear has largely been limited to linear and in vitro volumetric analyses, obscuring the understanding of the amount of clinically relevant material loss. This study proposes new methods to measure articular, rim, and backside surfaces of retrieved shoulder and knee UHMWPE liners, centered around the coordinate measuring machine (CMM)-based collection of high density …

Molecular Survival Strategies Against Kidney Filtration: Implications For Therapeutic Protein Engineering, William Heaps, Anna Elise Packard, Kristina M. Mccammon, Tyler P. Green, Joseph P. Talley, Bradley C. Bundy, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

The glomerular filtration barrier poses a significant challenge for circulating proteins, with molecules below ~60–70 kDa facing rapid renal clearance. Endogenous proteins have evolved sophisticated evasion mechanisms including oligomerization, carrier binding, electrostatic repulsion, and FcRn-mediated recycling. Understanding these natural strategies provides blueprints for engineering therapeutic proteins with improved pharmacokinetics. This review examines how endogenous proteins resist filtration, evaluates their application in protein engineering, and discusses clinical translation including established technologies (PEGylation, Fc-fusion) and emerging strategies (albumin-binding domains, glycoengineering). We address critical challenges of balancing half-life extension with tissue penetration, biological activity, and immunogenicity—essential considerations for the rational design of next-generation …

Reformulation Of The Protein Databank For Real-Time Search Of Geometrical Attributes Of Protein Structures, Musa Azeem, Christopher Lee, Aaron Hein, Christopher Ott, Homayoun Valafar

Faculty Publications

Introduction:

In this study, we introduce the design and implementation of PDBMine, a large-scale, queryable platform for mining sequence-structure statistics from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). PDBMine enables rapid analysis of local conformational trends across proteins by extracting dihedral angles and sequence patterns at scale. In addition to the design and implementation of PDBMine, we also present results validating its ability to return structurally meaningful information.

Methods:

We first assess the accuracy of its dihedral angle distributions by comparing them to established Ramachandran space and verifying expected behaviors of residues such as glycine and proline. We then use PDBMine to …

Enhancing Wound Healing With Synergistic Dual-Drug Electrospun Roflumilast And L-Arginine Loaded Pla/Pva Nanofibers Through Fabrication, Optimization, And In Vivo Assessment, Samar A. Salim

Nanotechnology Research Centre

Current trends in improved wound management emphasize the development of dual-drug-loaded electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Herein, electrospun dual-drug loaded PLA/PVA nanofibrous scaffolds, incorporating roflumilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity, and L-arginine, a precursor to nitric oxide with stimulating activity towards wound healing and tissue regeneration, were developed. A dual-spinneret electrospinning process enabled the coloading of drugs in PLA and PVA phases. Scaffolds were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD, showing consistent fiber morphology, and amorphous drug formation. FTIR analysis was performed to confirm drug–polymer compatibility and successful incorporation of roflumilast and L-arginine within the PLA/ PVA nanofibrous matrix. Swelling …

Novel Repurposing Of Empagliflozin-Loaded Buccal Composite (Chitosan/Silk Fibroin/Poly(Lactic Acid)) Nanofibers For Alzheimer’S Disease Management Via Modulation Of Aβ–Ager–P-Tau Pathway, Samar A. Salim

Nanotechnology Research Centre

Background/Objectives: Empagliflozin (EMPA) was repurposed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment via buccal delivery, exploiting novel nanofibers (NFs) integrating chitosan (Cs), silk fibroin (Fb), and poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Methods: EMPA-loaded Cs/Fb/PLA NFs were electrospun in different formulations to optimize the formulation parameters. The optimized formulation was then investigated for its enhanced in vivo effect. Results: Optimized nanofiber diameters ranged from 459 ± 173 to 668 ± 148 nm, possessing bead-free morphology confirmed by SEM and satisfactory mechanical properties. EMPA was successfully well-dispersed in the polymer matrix as evidenced by FTIR, XRD, and drug content. The optimized NFs displayed a hydrophilic surface …

Combinatorial Synthesis Of Protein-Polymer Conjugates By Post-Polymerization Modification Of Poly(Pentafluorophenyl Acrylate)S, Emily W. Kish, Thatcher M. Lee, Alexis M. Ziemba, Ama Boamah, Bianca Figueroa, Margherita Piccardi, Carey E. Dougan, Sarah J. Moore, Maren E. Buck

Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Combinatorial methods for preparing polymeric biomaterials enable the rapid identification of materials useful for many applications in science, medicine, and engineering. In the work described here, we demonstrate that side-chain reactive polymers can be used as templates for the rapid preparation of a small library of diversely functionalized protein–polymer conjugates. The activated ester polymer poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA) was modified postpolymerization with substoichiometric equivalents of three hydrophilic primary amines to yield a library of amphiphilic, side-chain reactive copolymers. These copolymers were then conjugated to two receptor-targeting proteins, holotransferrin (hTF) and an engineered fibronectin-based protein (Fn3), through amine-activated ester coupling. We investigated …

Precision Acoustofluidics For High-Throughput Mechanobiology In Suspension Cells, Kaichun Yang, Ruoyu Zhong, Ke Li, John Mai, Pengzhan Liu, Ye He, Joseph Rich, Ying Chen, Janna Wang, Zhiteng Ma, Zhiteng Ma, Xianchen Xu, Qian Wu, Tony Jun Huang

Faculty Publications

Mechanomodulation, the process of altering cellular behavior through applied mechanical forces, plays a critical role in physiological processes and has substantial implications for cancer therapy, immunology, and drug development. However, precise and efficient stimulation of nonadherent cells remains a major challenge, limiting the investigation of mechanotransduction pathways and the development of targeted therapeutics. Here, we developed an acoustofluidic platform named Suspension-cell Targeted Response to Excitation via Acoustofluidic Mechanomodulation (STREAM) to enable precise, high-throughput stimulation of suspension cells. STREAM accomplishes this using 101.14-megahertz high-frequency surface acoustic waves to deliver controlled mechanical stimulation at a throughput of 500,000 cells per minute. STREAM …

Assessment Of Heavy Metal Contamination In Surface Water Near Tailings Dam, Gera Techane Mengistu, Tesema Kebede, Enatfenta Melaku, Engdasew Temere

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Elevated levels of heavy metals in surface water can lead to the degradation of water quality, especially in mining areas where tailing dams are sources of heavy metal pollution. This study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of heavy metals in surface water near the Legadembi tailings dams. The mean concentrations (in µg/L) of various heavy metals including: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl), uranium (U), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr) were determined: 79.7, 0.15, 162.3, 0.66, 18.1, 0.01, …

Continuous Sorption Of Ionic Dyes Onto Nanoporous Faujasite Zeolite And The Regeneration Of The Adsorbent, Frederick O. Oshomogho, Miracle Aisosa Omorogieva

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

This study evaluates the efficiency of synthesized faujasite zeolite in the continuous removal of methylene blue from water and tests the reusability of the regenerated adsorbent. Faujasite Zeolite was synthesized from locally available aluminosilicate clay in Edo State using standard methods documented in the literature. XRF analysis affirmed the elemental composition, showing high levels of silica and alumina, which increased its adsorption capacity. SEM images depicted a crystal-clear structure with an octahedral shape and visible micro-pores on the surface. TGA showed effective thermal stability below 300 ºC, with a 10% weight loss between 28.59 ºC and 300 ºC. BET analysis …