Digital Commons Network^™

Prompt, Accurate, And Noncontact Material Identification Using A Single Microwave Sensor With Machine Learning Analysis, Chen Zhu, Osamah Alsalman, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Article, a Novel Approach to Microwave Sensors is Proposed and Demonstrated that Allows for Prompt, Accurate, and Noncontact Material Identification Even with Arbitrary Lift-Off Distances between the Sensor and the Material under Test (MUT). a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is Trained to Directly Learn the Relation of the Measured Reflection Spectra of a Homemade Open-Ended Coaxial Cable Resonator Probe with Respect to Different MUTs and Then Achieve One-To-One Mapping between a Measured Spectrum and the MUT. as a Proof-Of-Concept Demonstration, the Performance of the MLP Model is Tested using Easily Accessible Materials, Including Wood, Glass, Water, and Metal. Reflection …

Advancements And Challenges In Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review, Suhas Alkunte, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Shamil Gudavasov, Mohammad Alshaikh Ali, Mushfig Mahmudov, Seymur Hasanov, Muralimohan Cheepu

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes …

Energy Efficiency In Additive Manufacturing: Condensed Review, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Suhas Alkunte, Roshan Mishra, Khalid Tantawi

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Today, it is significant that the use of additive manufacturing (AM) has growing in almost every aspect of the daily life. A high number of sectors are adapting and implementing this revolutionary production technology in their domain to increase production volumes, reduce the cost of production, fabricate light weight and complex parts in a short period of time, and respond to the manufacturing needs of customers. It is clear that the AM technologies consume energy to complete the production tasks of each part. Therefore, it is imperative to know the impact of energy efficiency in order to economically and properly …

Flexible Fitting Of Alphafold2-Predicted Models To Cryo-Em Density Maps Using Elastic Network Models: A Methodological Affirmation, Maytha Alshammari, Jing He, Willy Wriggers

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Motivation: This study investigates the flexible refinement of AlphaFold2 models against corresponding cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps using normal modes derived from elastic network models (ENMs) as basis functions for displacement. AlphaFold2 generally predicts highly accurate structures, but 18 of the 137 models of isolated chains exhibit a TM-score below 0.80. We achieved a significant improvement in four of these deviating structures and used them to systematically optimize the parameters of the ENM motion model.

Results: We successfully refined four AlphaFold2 models with notable discrepancies: lipid-preserved respiratory supercomplex (TM-score increased from 0.52 to 0.69), flagellar L-ring protein (TM-score increased from 0.53 …

Dynamics Of Cell Membrane Lesions And Adaptive Conductance Under The Electrical Stress, Mantas Silkunas, Olga N. Pakhomova, Giedre Silkuniene, Andrei G. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

Exceeding physiological limits of the cell membrane potential compromises structural integrity, enabling the passage of normally impermeant solutes and disrupting cell function. Electropermeabilization has been studied extensively at the cellular scale, but not at the individual membrane lesion level. We employed fast total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging of Ca(2+) entry transients to discern individual lesions in a hyperpolarized cell membrane and characterize their focality, thresholds, electrical conductance, and the lifecycle. A diffuse and momentary membrane permeabilization without a distinct pore formation was observed already at a -100 mV threshold. Polarizing down to -200 mV created focal pores with a …

Investigation Of The Relationships Between Hydraulic, Physical, And Biological Soil Parameters At A Vineyard In Saint James, Missouri, Lyndsey Bennett

Masters Theses

"Soil is a living, dynamic system that performs vital functions such as crop production, organic matter decomposition, and the flow and transport of water. Given the pressures of food and in some locales water security, climate change, and sustainability, farmers, scientists, and other related specialists and stakeholders must have access to understandable soil health indicators as well as the soil hydraulic function parameters to maximize crop growth while maintaining soil health. Although biological and physical soil parameters are different, we aim to evaluate their relationship at the field scale. Hydraulic conductivity in the vadose zone may be especially important, as …

Fluorotelomer Carboxylic Acid Degradation: Implications For Septic Systems, Alexis Marie Eaton

Honors Theses and Capstones

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, are a group of manmade organic chemicals that have been widely used since the 1940’s due to their resistance to heat, water, and oil. These compounds are associated with negative health outcomes including poor thyroid function, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Because products with PFAS are widely used in residential settings, and because many PFAS do not completely degrade during wastewater treatment/handling, septic systems may be an important non-point source of PFAS to groundwater. Many homes that have septic systems, which discharge wastewater effluent to the subsurface, also use groundwater as a drinking water source; …

Designing A Use-Error Robust Machine Learning Model For Quantitative Analysis Of Diffuse Reflectance Spectra, Allison Scarbrough, Keke Chen, Bing Yu

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Significance

Machine learning (ML)-enabled diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is increasingly used as an alternative to the computation-intensive inverse Monte Carlo (MCI) simulation to predict tissue’s optical properties, including the absorption coefficient,μaand reduced scattering coefficient, μs′.

Aim

We aim to develop a use-error-robust ML algorithm for optical property prediction from DRS spectra.

Approach

We developed a wavelength-independent regressor (WIR) to predict optical properties from DRS data. For validation, we generated 1520 simulated DRS spectra with the forward Monte Carlo model, where μa=0.44 to 2.45cm−1, and μs′=6.53 to 9.58cm−1. We introduced common use-errors, such as wavelength miscalibrations and intensity fluctuations. Finally, we …

In Situ High Temperature Fiber-Optic Raman Sensor For Industrial Applications, Bohong Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Continuous casting in steel production uses specially developed oxyfluoride glasses (mold fluxes) to lubricate a mold and control the solidification of the steel in the mold. The composition of the flux impacts properties, including basicity, viscosity, and crystallization rate, all of which affect the stability of the casting process and the quality of the solidified steel. However, mold fluxes interact with steel during the casting process, resulting in flux chemistry changes that must be considered in the flux design. Currently, the chemical composition of mold flux must be determined by extracting flux samples from the mold during casting and then …

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy(Rus) For Material Characterization Of Metal Am Parts, Malik Marks

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by offering flexibility, customization, and rapid prototyping capabilities. However, ensuring the quality and reliability of AM parts remains a significant challenge due to variations in material properties and process parameters. The NDE method used in this study is Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). This method was used to evaluate and understand its ability to detect internal voids and defects. Dog-bone samples were made using the 316L stainless steel alloy which were fabricated by powder bed fusion (PBF) AM technique at different processing conditions and post processing conditions. These samples were tested to find …

Experimentatal And Numerical Investigation Of Turbojet Engine Performance, Emissions, And Noise/Vibrations Using Jet-A And F24 Fuel, John W. Mcafee Jr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Drastic improvement in cost effectiveness of high-power computing resources has generated a great interest numerical simulation to reduce the overhead cost of engine manufacturing, maintenance, and environmental concerns of engine testing. To accomplish this goal, this research presents the differences between military F24 fuel and commercial aviation fuel Jet-A from a thermochemical and engine performance perspective. This experimental data was used to create and validate a numerical model of the engine used in the experiments fueled with both Jet-A and F24 fuels. The experimental data was collected using a research based single stage turbojet engine outfitted with many sensors for …

Development And Characterization Of Vegetable Oil Based, Acrylated Resins For Stereolithography 3d Printing, Julius A. Adeyera

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The increase in the demand for additively manufactured parts and the drive towards a sustainable economy with less environmental pollution has necessitated the need for renewable materials for use in 3D printing. This study shows the development and characterization of vegetable oil based, acrylated resins for 3D printing. Bio-based 3D resins were formulated using bio-based oils with a minimum of 70% bio-based content and were ready to be polymerized using the stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing process. Two distinct vegetable oils were used to develop biobased photopolymers. Biobased acrylated epoxidized photopolymers were successfully developed that have good mechanical and chemical properties. …

A Novel Magnetorheological Pump Concept For Insulin Delivery, Mohammad Towhidul Islam Rimon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Over the past 25 years, awareness of type 1 diabetes has significantly increased, leading to a comprehensive understanding of various aspects, including its genetics, epidemiology, and disease burden. According to the Type 1 Diabetic Index, about 8.7 million people around the world live with this long-term autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. However, the increased availability and utilization of artificial pancreas systems could potentially save 673,000 lives by 2040. Although, the advancement of diabetes technology offers Type 1 diabetic patients more tools to enhance glycemic management and achieve effective outcomes, many patients are still hesitant to adopt …

Design And Development Of Biocompatible Mofs And Silica-Based Nanocarriers With Controlled Pharmacokinetics For Drug Delivery Applications, Neila Pederneira

Doctoral Dissertations

"In the past decade, a big interest has drawn into nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and silica-based materials as nanocarriers for drug delivery applications, owing to their exceptionally high surface area and highly structured porous network. The overall goal of this research was to optimize the pharmacokinetic behavior of several highly porous biocompatible drug carriers that have the potential to carry Ibuprofen, 5-Fluorouracil, and Curcumin to the desired tissue without creating a burst effect and minimizing the amount of dosage and size that conventional capsules require. The specific objectives of this study are to (i) assess the effect of drug solubility …

Deep Learning Techniques For Image Segmentation In Dermoscopic Skin Cancer Images, Norsang Lama

Doctoral Dissertations

"Melanoma is recognized as the most lethal type of skin cancer, responsible for a significant proportion of skin cancer-related deaths. However, early detection of melanoma is essential for successful treatment outcomes. Computer-aided skin cancer diagnosis tools can save lives by enabling earlier detection of skin cancer. Image segmentation is a crucial step in computer-aided diagnosis as it allows the detection of critical features or regions in an image. Thus, an accurate image segmentation method is necessary to create a more precise computer-aided diagnostic tool for skin cancer diagnosis. This dissertation includes investigating and developing deep learning techniques to improve image …

Modeling And Control For Precision Robotic Machining, Patrick Bazzoli

Doctoral Dissertations

"Robots are used in a wide variety of manufacturing applications, but machining applications in which robots can excel are limited by their lower accuracy and stiffness relative to traditional CNC machines. This work is composed of two parts: one to evaluate a robot’s accuracy and one to compensate for the vibrations of the robot due to its lower stiffness.

In order to evaluate whether a robot has the necessary accuracy to perform a given machining task, Paper 1 discusses a novel Model Invalidation method. This methodology provides a statistical framework as well as a measurement strategy for determining if a …

Technological Advancements In Brunei’S Local Agriculture And Fisheries Companies: An Exploratory Study Based On Field Observations, Muhammad Firdaus Mujibuddin Syah Mustafa, Navaranjan Namasivayam, Hong Shyang Pei, Fatnin Farhanah Alihan, Amni Sahilah Sahrullamzah, Khairina Umairah Takiyaudin

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

This exploratory study, through seven field observations and interviews, investigates the technological advancements transforming Brunei's agricultural landscape in pursuit of local production augmentation and self-sufficiency. It confronts challenges with emerging technologies like aquaponics, hydroponics, fertigation systems, closed-house poultry systems, and UV lighting, which hold promise for enhanced farming practices. The research provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices, including livestock management advancements, underscoring their potential to boost productivity, optimize resource use, and promote sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, it discusses the broader implications for industry standards, job employability, and alignment with Brunei's Vision 2035. The findings contribute invaluable insights, advocating for strategic …

Exploring The Impact Of Vented Packaging Configurations On Airflow Patterns And Cooling Consistency For Muskmelons In A Cold Storage Environment, Nur Wafidah Roslan, Namasivayam Navaranjan, Zohrah Sulaiman, Naseem Uddin

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The cooling effect of different vented packaging designs was investigated for packed muskmelons fruits in a commercial cold storage condition. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and experiments were used. The airflow pattern, heat transfer and temperature profiles were predicted from simulation and analysed. The CFD results reveal an uneven and low efficient airflow distribution inside a commercially used vented packaging (Box A). This resulted slow cooling of the fruits in Box A. Two newly designed packaging (Box B and Box C) showed better airflow distribution around the fruits and cooled them faster than Box A. The design of Box C …

Recent Advance In Biodegradable Packaging From Banana Plant Feedstock: A Comprehensive Review, M. Atiq Juani, Namasivayam Navaranjan

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

This review focuses on recent advances in biodegradable packaging derived from banana plant waste, highlighting its pivotal role in addressing environmental concerns linked to conventional packaging materials. The shift toward sustainable packaging stems from the urgent need to combat plastic pollution, reduce reliance on non-renewable resources, and foster sustainability in the food industry. Banana plants, known for generating significant organic waste during cultivation and processing, provide a valuable source for developing biodegradable packaging. Researchers have successfully transformed banana waste into innovative, recyclable, and eco-friendly packaging solutions, promoting a circular economy. Biodegradable packaging, in contrast to traditional materials derived from fossil …

Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Vinegar As Pre- Treatment For The Oven-Drying Of Pacific Yellowtail Emperor (Lethrinus Atkinsoni) Fillets, Nurisa A. Suhaili, Rafael S. Jamih, Normina A. Abubakar, Jaro O. Ajik, Merilyn Q. Amlani

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

This study aimed to assess the impact of various vinegar compositions used as pre-treatment for Pacific Yellowtail Emperor (PYE) fillets during the oven-drying process, with a focus on moisture content and optimal drying conditions. Two types of commercially available vinegar, Superior Vinegar and Datu Puti Vinegar, were compared, and different drying temperatures were evaluated. The investigation revealed that the drying temperature significantly influenced the moisture content of the dried PYE fillets. Among the tested temperatures (40°C, 60°C, and 80°C), the most favorable outcome in terms of moisture content was achieved when fillets were dried at 80°C for a duration of …

Application Of Three Of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts In Brunei Darussalam To Improve Shelf Life Of Poultry Product, Hazirah Abd Hamid, Namasivayam Navaranjan, Zohrah Sulaiman, Aida Maryam Binti Hj Basri

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Abstract. Bioactive compounds from plant derived in food application become increasingly in demand due to natural and nutritionally safe products. Due to some issues concerning food safety on the excessive use of synthetic preservatives; the present study aims to investigate the natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial food additives. The chicken meat’s shelf life was studied by adopting bio-based antimicrobial agents using three of selected native medicinal plants; P. betle, A. catechu, and A. tricolor, against common foodborne pathogens; E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. The overall results revealed that, all study extracts possessed antioxidant properties by DPPH …

Byproducts Of Tropical Marine Processing As A Candidate For Industrial Food Ingredients: An Appraisal On Macro And Micronutrients, Abdul Aziz Jaziri, Hajariah Hasanuddin, Rossita Shapawi, Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar, Wan Norhana Md. Noordin, Masmunira Rambli, Nurul Huda

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Tropical marine fish is a main raw material for surimi processing plants, including golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus Houttuyn, 1782) and swallowtail dwarf monocle bream (Parascolopsis eriomma Jordan & Richardson, 1909). After processing, more than 60% of fish are considered as byproducts (i.e., head, viscera, skin, bones, fins and scale), and tend to discard due to poor-utilization. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate macro- and micro-nutrients derived from golden threadfin bream (GTB) and swallowtail dwarf monocle bream (SDMB). The higher content of protein (25.31 ± 0.81%) was observed in the skin part of GTB, followed by the flesh (21.26 ± …

Protein Content Analysis On Brunei Delicacies: Kelupis Sulang And Sulang Fruit, Siti Nadia Saifullzan, Jhoorhanah A. Halim, Mas M. Rambli, Aida M. Basri

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Traditional Bruneian delicacy which are often reserved for special occasions; called the kelupis Sulang made from glutinous rice, coconut milk, and the flesh of the Brunei Sulang fruit’s protein content were studied. The protein content of both kelupis and the sulang fruit were examined using both qualitative and protein concentration analyses. The analysis was performed using the Xanthoproteic test, Ninhydrin test, Sulphur Reduction test, and the Biuret test. The readings were obtained from the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and revealed an average protein concentration of 21 mg/ml in aqueous extracts of kelupis sulang and 26.8 mg/ml in aqueous suspension of kelupis sulang …

Nutritional Quality Of Cultured Giant Freshwater Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii), Nurul F.M.S. Rizal, Najeebah A. Tashim, Zuhairi Azahari, Aida M. Basri, Tiong H. Lim, Aqilah Junaidi, Suriayati Chuprat, Seno A. Putra, Hanif Fakhrurroja

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Macrobrachium rosenbergii, or the giant freshwater prawn has high market demand due to its exceptional nutritional value for the human diet. Often, most nutritional studies focus on the edible prawn parts, rather than the prawn discarded components. The nutritional evaluation of different prawn parts can provide insights into the nutrient composition and guiding for the development of value-added products. Three groups of prawn samples were collected from 3 different ponds, representing different prawn sizes. The water quality analysis of each pond was also conducted to determine the extent to which it can affect the nutritional composition. The conventional and biochemical …

Investigating Bistable Dynamics Of Coupled Oscillators With Similarities To Neural Activity In Epilepsy, Nilay Kant, Ranjan Mukherjee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamics of an oscillator, which exhibits a stable equilibrium and a stable limit cycle, is investigated. We refer to it as a bistable oscillator unit (BOU) and show that two coupled BOUs (CBOUs) exhibit dynamics analogous to neural activity patterns in epilepsy, including healthy, localized, and fully spread epileptic states. By treating each CBOU as an independent system influenced by the state of the other, we establish local input-to-state stability near the equilibrium and the limit cycle and estimate the ultimate bounds of the trajectories. Our analysis identifies the domain of the initial conditions and estimates the coupling parameter …

The Hazard Prediction Problem, Mary E. Helander, Brendan Smith, Sylvia Charchut, Erika Swiatowy, Calvin Nau, Gregory Cavaretta, Timothy Schuler, Adam Schunk, Héctor Ortiz-Peña

Social Science - All Scholarship

This work formulates the hazard prediction problem while addressing the research question: Can machine learning create a model to automatically recognize patterns that correspond to hazard state conditions during a mission-critical operation? Supervised learning models were trained and tested on data observed from mission simulators, which allowed for safe observation of dynamic system states and undesirable casualty events. The prediction task was formulated as a binary classification problem, producing the probability of being in a hazard state at time t and providing situational awareness of a possible imminent loss. Several modeling architectures were investigated: neural networks, logistic regression, a support …

Optimizing Anaerobic Digestion Of Food Waste And Industrial Sludge For Biogas Production, Emma R. Murray

Honors College Theses

Food waste is a major contributor to municipal solid waste, and its disposal at landfills has significant environmental and economic impacts. Opportunities need to be identified for the sustainable management of food waste at large scales. Pulp and paper mills throughout the country commonly use anaerobic digestion to treat their waste sludge; however, this sludge can consist of over 50% lignin, which is slowly or negligibly digested. This research aims to explore the sustainability of co-digestion of food waste and paper mill sludge. Lab-scale studies were used to assess the feasibility of anaerobic digestion by measuring treatment efficiencies and biogas …

Spatio-Heterogeneity Risk Assessment From Microplastic Contaminations In Water And Sediment Of The Inner Gulf Of Thailand, Sarayut Suanluang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The inner Gulf of Thailand, a shallow semi-enclosed marine basin, plays a vital economic and ecological role for Thailand, yet faces increasing threats from microplastic (MP) pollution driven by urbanization, industrial and agriculture developments, and riverine discharges. This study aimed to assess the spatial and vertical distributions, polymer characteristics, and ecological risks associated with MP contamination in water columns and surface sediments throughout the inner Gulf. Sampling was conducted at 13 stations, with water collected from surface, mid-depth, and bottom layers, and sediment samples taken from corresponding surface sediments. MPs were analyzed for abundance, size, shape, color, and polymer composition …

Polylactic Acid-Carbon Quantum Dots Composite (Pla/Cqds) For 3d-Printing Filament: Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological, And Electrical Properties, Saran Inthirach

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study investigates polylactic acid carbon quantum dots composite (PLA/CQDs) for 3D-printing filament. composites were prepared by extrusion technique to ensure homogeneous dispersion of CQDs within the PLA matrix with various CQDs loadings (0.25 to 5 wt.%), Thermal analysis showed that 3 wt.% CQDs increased decomposition temperature from 369 °C to 382 °C and raised residual mass, indicating better heat resistance. Mechanical analysis revealed that 1 wt.% CQDs significantly improved tensile strength and 3 wt.% CQDs increased Young’s modulus, though elongation at break fell at 5 wt.% due to CQD aggregation. SEM-EDX confirmed smooth, well dispersed CQDs at low loadings, …

การตรวจหายิปซัมจากภาพถ่ายดาวเทียมโดยกระบวนการเรียนรู้โดยเครื่องในพื้นที่จังหวัด นครสวรรค์ ประเทศไทย, มนรดา รองวัง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในงานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อระบุพื้นที่ที่มีศักยภาพในการพบแร่ยิปซัมโดยใช้ข้อมูลภาพถ่ายดาวเทียม ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) ร่วมกับกระบวนการเรียนรู้ของเครื่อง (Machine Learning) โดยใช้อัลกอริทึม XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) ในพื้นที่ที่มีศักยภาพในการพบแร่ยิปซัมในอำเภอหนองบัว จังหวัดนครสววรค์ ซึ่งเป็นพื้นที่ที่มีลักษณะทางธรณีวิทยาที่มีการสะสมตัวของแร่ยิปซัม ซึ่งข้อมูลภาพถ่ายดาวเทียม ASTER ครอบคลุมช่วงคลื่นอินฟราเรดใกล้ที่ตามองเห็น (Visible near infrared [VNIR]), อินฟราเรดคลื่นสั้น (Shortwave infrared [SWIR]) และอินฟราเรดความร้อน (Thermal infrared [TIR] ) ถูกนำมาผ่านกระบวนการปรับการลดความผิดเพี้ยนและลักษณะทางสเปกตรัมเพื่อใช้เป็นข้อมูลนำเข้าในการฝึกแบบจำลอง XGBoost จากนั้นจึงทำการจำแนกพื้นที่ยิปซัมแสดงให้เห็นว่า อัลกอริทึม XGBoost สามารถจำแนกพื้นที่ที่มียิปซัมได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ โดยให้ค่าความถูกต้องความถูกต้องสูงที่สุดคือ Model II : Band ratio ด้วยวิธี DART booster มีค่าความถูกต้องเท่ากับ 0.9977 ในทางตรงกันข้ามค่าความถูกต้องน้อยที่สุดคือ Model I : Aster band ด้วยวิธี Linear booster มีค่าความถูกต้องเท่ากับ 0.8424 ในการวิเคราะห์เชิงพื้นที่แสดงให้เห็นการกระจายตัวของยิปซัมและศักยภาพของการประยุกต์ใช้เทคโนโลยีภาพถ่ายดาวเทียม ASTER ร่วมกับอัลกอริทึม XGBoost ในการสำรวจแร่ยิปซัมเบื้องต้นอย่างแม่นยำและมีประสิทธิภาพ