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The Effects Of Impoundments On Salinity In The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker

Publications (WR)

The increase in salinity of our western rivers has been identified as one of the most serious water quality problems in the nation. This is of special concern in the Colorado River where salinity has increased from pristine levels estimated at 380 mg/1 to present-day levels of 825 mg/1 at Imperial Dam. Flow depletions, associated with decreased runoff and increased evaporation and diversions, coupled with high salt loading from natural and man-created sources are considered the primary causes for rising salinity in the river. The urban and agricultural development projected to occur in the basin through this century could deplete …

Electrical Engineering, C. J. Thomforde

UND Departmental Histories

This departmental history was written on the occasion of the UND Centennial in 1983.

Mechanical Properties Of Alumina For Orthopedic Implant Use, Ho Tong Fang

Masters Theses

"The static fatigue, flexural strength and chemical corrosion of three commercially prepared, polycrystalline aluminas, two of orthopedic implant grade, were measured in demineralized water at 37°C and 70°C. The dissolution of a Ca-rich impurity phase, probably a glass, segregated at the grain boundaries and external surface, appears at least partially responsible for the significant difference in static fatigue of these three aluminas. The present results indicate that the minimum static fatigue in demineralized water, and the highest flexural strength in demineralized water and HF solution are both achieved by the alumina characterized by a low concentration of Ca at the …

Simple Methods For Determining The Accuracy Of Tumor Blood Flow Measurements Using Radioactive Microspheres In Rats, Rosanna C. Chan, Charles F. Babbs, Richard J. Vetter

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Two simple methods are presented that allow positive identification of the accuracy and precision of the microsphere technique and a quick verification of sphere entrapment in tumor vessels. A known flow of Ringer's solution from a motor-driven syringe is perfused through the rat's isolated systemic circulation from left ventricle to right atrium and collected in a funnel. Using this preparation, total blood flow in rats measured with radioactive microspheres injected into the left ventricle was 97% of actual flow. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) of the microsphere measurements was 0.22. In the same preparation, non-entrapment of microspheres in subcutaneous …

Effects Of Tillage On Soil Erosion In A Wheat-Fallow Rotation, Elbert C. Dickey, C. R. Fenster, J. M. Laflen, R. H. Mickelson

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Erosion from alternative tillage systems in winter wheat-fallow rotations was measured using a rainfall simulator. The Nebraska study, conducted at the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory, showed that during the fallow period between harvest and tillage, soil erosion was not affected by the tillage systems studied. However, erosion following tillage was different for the systems evaluated and moldboard plowing with the slope had the largest amount. The no-till system reduced erosion by about 95% during this period. Although contour plowing was effective in reducing erosion when compared to plowing with the slope, no differences were measured between with the slope and …

Yield Comparisons Between Continuous No-Till And Tillage Rotations, Elbert C. Dickey, Thomas Peterson, J. R. Gilley, L. N. Mielke

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Continuous use of no-till planting systems may result in reduced yields, especially on finer textured soils that tend to be poorly drained. Soil compaction and poor soil aeration have been identified as possible factors contributing to the lower yields. Research conducted to evaluate tillage rotations on these soils shows that periodic use of the moldboard plow can result in statistically higher yields as compared to continuous no till. However, use of chisel plow and disk tillage systems following three years of continuous no-till did not result in yield increases. A relationship between cone penetrometer index and yield indicates a trend …

Index Construction For Multiple Objective Analysis Of Land And Water Use In A High Mountain Watershed, L. Douglas James, Dean T. Larson, Mac Mckee, Jay J. Messer, Thomas M. Twedt, Randy Sperger, Barbara D. Campion, Frank J. Nemanich, Donald B. Porcella, Herbert H. Fullerton

Reports

Comprehensive planning is an elusive ideal. The practical planner must sort the relevant information from the vast amounts of data that modern technology can collect. The objective of this study was to use the Upper Blackfoot watershed in the mountains of Southeastern Idaho as an arena for developing methods for construction, refinement, and application of indices needed to design land and water management schemes, compare alternatives, and influence the public in their uses of the area. A total of 21 uses were examined on 242 land units of a 160 square-mile area ranging in elevation from 6300 to 9000 feet …

Bioassays- Procedures And Results, A. F. Maciorowski, L. W. Little, L. F. Raynor, Ronald C. Sims, J. L. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Bioassay procedures to describe, evaluate, and predict the potential hazard of toxic materials to organisms and ecosystems, and the health-related aspects of polluted waters continue to receive widespread attention. Symposium proceedings and books pertinent to toxic substances management and test procedures have appeared, as have several literature reviews pertinent to specific pollutants. The proceedings of the fifth annual ASTM symposium on aquatic toxicology presented a collection of papers directed to research needs in aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment, new concepts in aquatic toxicology, biological availability and sediment toxicity, and hazard assessment and water quality criteria.¹ A state-of-the-art overview pertinent …

Potential Use Of Arkansas River Water For Irrigation In The Plum Bayou Watershed, Richard C. Peralta, Paul W. Dutram

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 25 Number 3, Fall 1982, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - A CHRISTIAN IN A NUCLEAR WORLD by William C. Spohn, S.J. Exploring an issue crucial to our time from a Christian perspective.

13 - A TEACHER FOR ALL SEASONS by Paul L. Locatelli, S.J. Discussing the challenges and the relationship between teaching and scholarship that beset today's teachers.

16 - NO MORE PUNCH AND COOKIES 20 successful years at Santa Clara mean women's sports are here to stay.

18 - KRASSOWSKI ON COMMUNICATION by Jeanne Huber '72. Some suggestions on the art from one of the university's most skilled communicators.

21 - ON CONSERVATORSHIP by George J. Alexander. …

Separation Of Proteins Via Ph Parametric Pumping With Electric Field, Helen Conway Hollein

Dissertations

A new semi-continuous parametric pumping process for the separation of protein mixtures has been developed, based on cyclic variation of pH and electric field. The model system used for this process consisted of a mixture of human serum albumin and human hemoglobin in contact with CM Sepharose cation exchanger. Experimental results show that the protein separation via the pH parapump with electric field is two to three times greater than the results which are obtained in batch chromatography or via either single-column or multi-column parapumps with cyclic variation of pH and ionic strength.

The separation in the new process depends …

The Use Of Appropriate Technologies For Biomass Waste Conversion In Small Communities, Samuel A. Vigil, Douglas W. Williams, Robert E. Spitzka, Hilary M. Theisen

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This paper will describe several simple, appropriate technologies for biomass waste conversion which can be applied in rural or small community settings. Technologies to be discussed include ethanol production from cannery wastes with a mobile fermentor/still, production of low-energy fuel gas from agricultural and municipal wastes. Each of the technologies will be briefly discussed below.

Taxonomy Of Corynebacterium Plant Pathogens, Including A New Pathogen Of Wheat, Based On Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Of Cellular Proteins, Randall R. Carlson, Anne K. Vidaver

Biological Process Development Facility: Staff Publications

The known extant plant pathogenic Corynebacterium species were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their cellular proteins. The patterns of the protein bands of 13 species and a new corynebacterial wheat pathogen showed seven distinct groups. Five of these groups consisted of only one species each, one group contained four species, and the last group contained the new wheat pathogen and the remaining four species. The pathogens that could not be distinguished by the polyacrylamide gel analysis differed in phenotypic characteristics, including pathogenic specificity. Thus, for these bacteria we propose recognition of the following taxa: C. fascians (Tilford) Dowson, …

On-Site Excreta Treatment And Disposal In West Africa, Godfrey E. Igbokwe

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

In operation, liquid from the test facility is circulated through the RHS core. The liquid is heated by passing over the resistance heaters. If the test facility's calibrations are under investigation, the RHS input power and temperatures are compared with those recorded by the test facility. If a collector is under test, the RHS is placed in series with the collector. The power input to the RHS is placed in series with the collector. The power input to the RHS core heaters is adjusted to give a temperature rise through the RHS equal to some fraction (usually one-half to one) …

Development Of An On-Line Computer System For Enzyme Kinetics Studies, Jacqueline R. Thweatt

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The PDP-11/10 minicomputer was interfaced to the Beckman 25 ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer and this on-line computer system was applied to enzyme kinetics studies. This interface involved hardware equipment to locate, amplify, and transmit the analog signal to an analog-to-digital converter, and software to acquire and store the digital data. Data processing programs were used to calculate kinetic parameters and statistical information from the acquired data.

The Varian Cary 219 ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer can be readily interfaced to the Apple II Plus microcomputer by hardware equipment which can be purchased from the manufacturer. Various software may also be purchased for use in enzyme …

Computer Driven Training Simulator Of Wastewater Treatment Operations, G. Robert Silkenson

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This research involves design and implementation of computer program for simulation of a wastewater treatment plant. The program has the capability to be interfaced with an existing analog wastewater plant process flow training board which is equipped with meter readouts of key process variables and adjustable control valves. It is planned that the total system simulator could be used to train wastewater treatment plant operators to afford them hands-on dynamic experience in plant operations. The wastewater treatment process modeled is the activated sludge process. Beginning with the known plant design stead-state equations for this particular process an algorithm was developed …

Closed Water Systems On Paper And Board Machines Using The Dysco Simulation Program, Stephen Robert Tremont

Masters Theses

This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of the DYSCO simulation program in simulating the open and closed water system on the pilot fourdrinier paper machine located in the Department of Paper Science and Engineering at Western Michigan University. The pilot machine was run at a maximum speed of 76 meters (250 feet) per minute without the press and drier sections, as well as slower speeds of 61 and 46 meters per minute. Retention data were obtained for fiber, titanium dioxide, and water at the three speeds. Upon entering these data along with stream inputs into the DYSCO simulator, …

Metal Cation/Anion Speciation Via Paired-Ion, Reversed Phase Hplc With Refractive Index And/Or Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopic Detection Methods, Richard N. Savage, D. Bushee, I. S. Krull, S. B. Smith, Jr.

Materials Engineering

Conventional high performance liquid chromatography instrumentation and packing materials can be inexpensively and rapidly utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of various metal cations or anions. The final approaches utilize reversed phase HPLC in the form of paired-ion separations. The detection of individually eluted, fully resolved metal cations or anions is possible via conventional refractive index or inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopic detection. In many cases, unresolved mixtures of metal cations, eluted as a single peak on HPLC, can be resolved and identified via the use of ICP detection. Both metal cations and anions can be easily resolved, according …

Grab Samplers For Benthic Macroinvertebrates In The Lower Mississippi River, C. Rex Bingham, David B. Mathis, Larry G. Sanders, Eva Mclemore

United States Army: Publications

Data from 24 grab samples, eight each taken with the Standard Ponar, Petite Ponar, and Shipek grabs from a backwater habitat were statistically compared using one-way analysis of variance. Total grabs produced 5696 organisms and 24 distinct taxa. Results showed no difference in catch efficiency among grab samplers for distinct taxa, total densities, and densities of the dominant taxa: Lirceus sp., Ilyodrilus templetoni, Hexagenia sp., Limnodrilus cervix, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Sphaerium sp., and immature Ilyodrilus. The Petite Ponar grab captured significantly fewer immature Limnodrilus. This was attributed to clumped distribution of these worms rather than difference …

Bacterial Mosaic: A New Corynebacterial Disease Of Wheat, Randall R. Carlson, Anne K. Vidaver

Biological Process Development Facility: Staff Publications

Bacterial mosaic is a foliar disease of wheat; characteristic symptoms are small yellow lesions, more or less uniformly distributed over the leaf. It was discovered in Nebraska in the spring of 1976. By 1979, the pathogen was distributed over an 800-km range and had been isolated from 16 cultivars of winter wheat. The pathogen is Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. tessellarius, a Gram-positive coryneform. Wheat was the only host that showed symptoms after inoculation. The pathogen reached high population levels (> 10⁶ colony-forming units per gram of fresh weight) without apparent symptoms in tomato and in six of nine gramineous …

Effect Of Herbicides On Performance Of Aerobic Dairy Lagoons, John D. Bottom, Joseph L. Taraba

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The herbicides glyphosate, bromacil, and dalapon were assessed for their affect on the oxygen uptake of microorganisms from an aerated dairy lagoon at 20 °C. The maximum recommended addition of herbicide active ingerdient to a lagoon is: glyphosate (isopropyl amino salt)—0.42 mg/L; bromacil—3.70 mg/L; and dalapon (85.8 percent Na salt and 14.2 percent Mg salt)—1.95 mg/L. In addition, microorganism isolates from the aerobic dairy lagoon were incubated under aerobic and anerobic conditions at room temperature to assess the effects of the herbicides. Under aerobic incubation, it was found that neither herbicide type nor herbicide concentration affected isolate growth. Under anaerobic …

Tillage Factors Affecting Corn Seed Spacing, Paul J. Jasa, Elbert C. Dickey

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

An on-farm survey was conducted in Nebraska to determine factors affecting corn seed spacing uniformity. Statistical analysis indicated that relative surface roughness, amount of residue present, amount of preplant tillage, and tillage system were important factors affecting uniformity. Subsequently, replicated tillage plots at eight locations were used to evaluate seed spacing uniformity with different planters and tillage systems. Seed spacing coefficient of variation and a planter index developed showed conservation tillage does not significantly reduce seed spacing uniformity.

An Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Modified Overland Flow Wastewater Treatment System: Sloped Rock-Grass Filtration, Daria Wightman, Dennis B. George, John H. Zirschky, Daniel S. Filip, Judith Sims

Reports

The effectiveness of a sloped rock-grass filtration system in treating municipal wastewater was tested on a 24 m by 36 m (80 ft by 120 ft) slope on a 2.5 percent grade sown with a mixture of rye grass, fescue grass, and bluegrass. The field was divided into six plots, each approximately 3.5 m wide and 36 m long. Three of the plots (slope-rock) were constructed with 9 m of gravel, 7.6 cm deep, on the upper reaches of the slope. Raw (screened, degritted) municipal wastewater from Hyrum, Utah, was applied to the slope-rock sections at application rates of 13 …

Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post

Reports

Introduction: The Upper Colorado River Basin contains vast deposits of coal, oil shale, and tar sands, which could undergo extensive development should oil prices rise or an international situation restrict oil imports. Naturally, the prospect of development of these alternative fossil fuels resources has led to concern over how extraction and conversion activities will impact environmental quality. A thorough understanding of the nature and magnitude of the resulting envionemental impacts is a necessary prerequisite, if the costs and risks of such activites are to be weighed against the economic benefits. When we set out to evaluated these costs and risks, …

A Multivariate Water Quality Index For Use In Management Of A Wildland Watershed, Ramzi Mahmood, Jay J. Messer, Frank J. Nemanich, Charles I. Liff, Dennis B. George

Reports

Executive Summary: Summary: Multivariate statistical techniques were used to define a method for establishing a water quality index (WQI) for use in protecting the stream environment in a high mountain watershed. The purpose of the WQI was to aggregate water quality parameters in such a way that the effects of low level increments in mining, grazing, logging and other activities could be related to a change in the value of a single entity, aquatic environmental aquality, in a linear programming (LP) management model. Several data aggregation methods were explored, using water quality data collected over 5 years (1975-1979) by the …

Defining Stream Fish Microhabitat Requirements For Water Project Planning, William T. Helm

Reports

Brown trout daily activities were divided into two braod categories, resting and feeding, and the population was divided into three size groups (one of which is reported on here), based on the timing and location of these activities. Microhabitat components, measured previously in four rivers at sites occupied by fish, were utilized to develop usable componenet ranges for each size group and activity to illustrate the breadth of component values utilized out of the total range available. Microhabitat is thus described as a range of numerical values for each componenet of a specific set of components. A 90 meter section …

Removal Of Nitrogen From Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through No 3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (So2), Javid Ghorashian, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to remove nitrate-nigrogen (i.e., reduction to a gaseous form) from the secondary wastewater effluent. To accomplish th above task, a jar test procedure was established and the concentration of NO3-N along with the concentration of NH3-N present in the secondary wastewater, treated with SO2, were measured initially and after 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 24 hr. Then, the percent NO3-N removal was calculated, comparing the NO3-H concentrations measured in each treatment with the initial values. The above procedures were conducted for …

Guidelines For Minimizing Salinity Buildup In Groundwaters Of Utah, Edward P. Fisk, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

In arid Utah practically all of the replenishable surface water supplies are nearly fully developed. At least some groundwater resources are being used in every basin. Groundwater use is expanding throughout the state and in some areas the draft is nearly equal to the sustained yield. Irrigated agriculture is the major water user. Multiple reuse of water is common in many areas, but as salinity increases with each cycle of usage, salinity also is usually the limiting factor for usefulness. Effective control of salinity buildup will permit more efficient and more extensive use of the state’s waters with potentially large …

Reverse Osmosis In The Treatment Of Drinking Water, R. Ryan Dupont, Talbert N. Eisenberg, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

An extensive review of the literature was conducted and results were evaluated for the use of the reverse osmosis process in the treatment of drinking water supplies. All aspects of reverse osmosis technology, including pretreatment requirements; membrane type and configuration; membrane cleaning and maintenance; and reverse osmosis removal of organics, inorganics, and microbial contaminants were incorporated inot the literature evaluation. A survey (Appendix E) of existing full scale reverse osmosis installations was also carried out and results of the survey are discussed. In light of data presented in the literature and results of the survey conducted, the following recommendations were …

Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

Small scale, three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)anthracene. This compound was chosen as a model for carcinogenic PAH because it is a typical constituent of petro-chemical effluents and has middle-of-the-range physical and chamical characteristics. In a series of experiments, techniques were established for monitoring the behavior and for assessing the biological response to the pollutant. Results indicate taht benz(a)anthracene has no acute effect on aquatic organisms as indicated by the parameters used to measure community structure and function (gas productivity, nutrient utilization, biomass accumulation, and species composition). Gas …