Digital Commons Network^™

Measurement Of Flow Components On Upland Areas Using Dye Dilution Techniques, S. C. Finkner, John E. Gilley

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Dye dilution techniques can be used to measure rill and interrill-to-rill flow rates on upland areas. Procedures and equations for making flow measurements are described along with equations for estimating interrill length and width. If measurements of interrill length and rill width are available, use of simplified flow equations is possible.

Water and dye continuity concepts were utilized to develop generalized interrill-to-rill flow relationships. Measurement of flow from interrill-to-rill areas requires information on the concentration and rate of dye injection, and flow rate and dye concentration on both rill and interrill areas at a downslope sampling location. Dye dilution techniques …

Concluding And Banquet Remarks And Speech, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Disposal Of Phenolic Waters From A Producer Gas Plant, Dorairaja Raghu, Hsin-Neng Hsieh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Phenolic waters are generated in a producer gas plant in India. Since harmful environmental effects can result even with low concentrations of phenol in water, its disposal poses a problem. Four options for disposal were considered. One of these options considered involves disposal in a earthen pond situated close to a river. In order to avoid river pollution by possible seepage of phenolic waste, geotechnical aspects have to be considered. For each option, cost analysis is performed. This paper d1scusses as to how the final disposal technique is decided taking into account all the relevant aspects of the problem.

Full- Scale Load Test Of Caisson On Chicago Hardpan, Stephen A. Bucher, Raymond J. Krizek, Dimitrios K. Atmatzidis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The results of a full-scale load test on a belled caisson bearing on hardpan in the downtown Chicago area are presented herein and are discussed in terms of current design practice and the results of other pertinent full-scale tests and a small-scale model test. Current specifications for allowable bearing pressures are shown to be conservative, and previously established settlement limits required to mobilize side resistance are reconfirmed. The settlement measured during the test is in good agreement with that predicted by use of pressuremeter test data. The confinement of the bell in a hard clay layer appears to be beneficial …

Comparison Of Bulk Density Beneath A Belt Track And Tire, Leonard L. Bashford, A. J. Jones, L. N. Mielke

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Wheel traffic is considered a major cause of soil compaction in production agriculture. Soil compaction depends on initial conditions, load, contact area and tire type and shape at the soil surface. The use of tractors equipped with tracks instead of tires has the potential of reducing soil compaction because of reduced surface contact pressure and difference in load distribution over a relatively long-narrow track. The introduction of a new agricultural tractor equipped with a rubber belt track permits a crawler tractor to compete with a large four-wheel drive tractor in both speed and mobility.
Soil bulk density was measured as …

Reactor Design For Hazardous Waste Treatment Using A White Rot Fungus, Daewon Pak

Dissertations

Various nutrient media and reactor configurations have been explored in order to grow the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, induce its active enzyme, develop kinetic data for the degradation of 2-chlorophenol, and use chemical engineering analysis to design an efficient reactor.

Preliminary experiments indicated that the biodegradation rate was improved by two to three orders of magnitude when the fungus was immobilized. As a result, emphasis shifted to two types of reactor design: a packed-bed reactor employing a silica-based porous support, and a fluidized-bed reactor employing alginate beads. Both were very effective in degrading 2 chlorophenol at inlet concentrations up …

Assessment Of Autonomic Regulation Of Heart Rate Variability, Shaw-Jyh Shin

Dissertations

Complex demodulation, accompanied by the techniques of interpolation, detrending and zero-phase-shift lowpass filtering were used to examine the effect of both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) on heart rate by analyzing the heart rate variability signal from dogs under two different classical conditionings: CS+ and CS-, which cause different dynamic pattern changes in the autonomic nervous system to regulate the heart rate.

Unlike power spectral analysis, complex demodulation gives results in the time domain and shows the variation of amplitude and phase over time at a given frequency. The variation of phase indicates the frequency deviation …

Sorption And Desorption Of Organic Compounds By Flyash, Kashinath Banerjee

Dissertations

A sorbent treatment process has been developed which uses flyash as sorbent in the treatment of highly toxic and hazardous chemicals; these include: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Aromatics. Batch, as well as dynamic, studies were performed, in different phases, during the investigation. Single and multiple solute systems were examined separately. The samples were analyzed using a Flame Ionization Detector Gas Chromatograph.

The result of this study demonstrates that isolation/ immobilization of the organic pollutants is technologically feasible by adsorbing the contaminants onto flyash. The residual carbon content of the flyash plays a very significant role during the treatment process. The …

Sorptive And Geotechnical Characteristics Of Kaolinite, Chi-Yuan Shih

Theses

The sorption/desorption behavior of phenol and chlorobenzene as well as their influence on geotechnical characteristics of kaolinite were studied. The results reveal that the sorption process follows closely with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm whereas the sorption/desorption ratio depends upon the characteristics of organic compounds.

A series of geotechnical properties tests was also undertaken after achieving equilibrium at different concentrations of organic compounds. It was found that the parameters such as liquid limit, plastic limit, optimum moisture content, and dry density increase with an increasing-concentration of organic compounds.

The relationship between the geotechnical, properties and sorption behavior of soils provides the …

Bead Design For Biodegradation Of 2-Chlorophenol Using Microorganisms Entrapped In Alginate Gel, Fayaz Lakhwala

Theses

The performance of immobilized cell reactors varies with a number of parameters, one of which is proper bead design. A mixed microbial population from a waste water treatment plant was immobilized in calcium alginate gel. The viability of these organisms was studied in a microassay reactor by varying parameters such as concentration of calcium chloride, concentration of sodium alginate, temperature of operation, biomass concentration within the beads and concentration of a model compound (2-chlorophenol). The effect of storage on viability over a period of three months was also investigated. It was found possible to have access to active biomass by …

Biosynthesis Of Amine Oxides Using Calcium-Alginate Immobilized Hog Liver Microsomes : An Evaluation Of Process And Reactor Design, Ioannis I. Valvis

Theses

An evaluation of the biocatalytic ability and the potential utilization of Calcium-alginate immobilized hepatic microsomes (beads) for the biosynthesis of amine oxides has been performed, To accomplish this task, the following three areas Were investigated: immobilization, catalytic biooxidation ability, and reactor configurations.

Immobilization was found to result in higher yields over free microsomes at the expense of higher cofactor requirements. Refrigerated drying of immobilized micro-somes appears to be a better storage technique than wet storage in buffer. Smaller beads resulted in higher rates than larger beads, but size did not affect the overall yield.

Chlorpromazine (CPZ), diphenylamine (DPA) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine …

Use Of Recirculation Reactor To Study Biodegradation Of 2-Chlorophenol, Kai-Chung Yang

Theses

The performance of immobilized cells in the treatment of hazardous waste was investigated using a recirculation flow reactor run in a batch mode. A mixed microbial population from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was immobilized in calcium alginate gel. The bio-oxidation ability of these microbes towards a model toxin (2-chlorophenol) was studied. The process parameters studied were as follows:

1. Flow rate of the recycle stream;
2. Biomass loading;
3. Spiking concentration of 2-chlorophenol;
4. Use of buffered vs. non-buffered defined medium.

Dissolved oxygen concentration was monitored using a flow Clark-type dissolved oxygen probe. Oxygen consumption was correlated with the biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol. Physical …

A Dynamic Model Of A Fill-And-Draw Reactor And Its Implications For Hazardous Waste Treatment, Shing-Hwa Chang

Theses

A dynamic model of a fill-and-draw reactor has been developed, which includes a number of operational parameters such as the draw-down volume, the fraction of total cycle time devoted to fill, reaction, and draw, and the concentration of the toxic substance in the feed to the reactor. The model has been solved numerically for two cases, one assuming Monod kinetics, and one considering substrate inhibition (Andrews kinetics).

The conversions achieved with this type of reactor have been compared to that of a conventional activated sludge (CSTR) design. These results indicate that for most practical settings of the operating parameters, the …

3-D Reconstruction Of Microvasculature From High Voltage Electron Microscopy (Hvem) Data, Pradip Kumar Paul

Theses

This is a new method for histoarchitectural and volumetric analyses of cell compartments of microvasculature with the use of a unique combination of computerized 3-D reconstruction and HVEM thick serial cross sections. The technology is potentially a reliable, simple, accurate and fast method. Pioneering work in this area was started by Todd et al. (Circ Res Vol :53 p 319 ;1983) basically using light microscopy, but supported by conventional ultrathin transmission electron microscopy. These techniques are important in that they promise to resolve controversies in terms of evaluating the occurance of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in small resistance vessels in various …

Sorption Characteristics And Their Effects On Geotechnical Properties Of Clay Soils, Arambawattage Mahendra Rodrigo

Theses

An experimental investigation on the sorption characteristics of clay soils with liquid organics (phenol, chlorophenol, nitrophenol and chlorobenzene) and their effects upon geotechnical properties was undertaken. The investigation consisted of two different phases, namely, (1) the sorption/ desorption study, including kinetic rate, equilibrium time, isotherm modeling, and (2) geotechnical properties due to clay/ liquid organic interactions. The results of kinetic rate study indicate that the equilibration time for the contaminants way dependent upon the hydrophobic or the hydrophelic nature of the chemical. For equilibrium adsorption models, the linear isotherm was found to be the best fit in predicting sorption capacities …

Effects Of Peripheral And Microwave-Core Heating On Survival In Hemorrhagic Shock In Rats, Ashraf Sabry El-Assuooty

Theses

In a model of rats resuscitated from hemorrhagic shock,where 11 of 12 animals were alive up to 4 hours after shock, there was an average drop of 10°C in core body temperature. Survival and morbidity was much impaired when the shocked animals were externally heated with an infrared lamp to maintain a core body temperature of 35°C. Since the increased intrashock mortality is possibly due to the circulatory changes induced by peripheral heating, an attempt was made to determine the effects of heating the animal at its core. Twelve rats were shocked in the same fashion, however the body core …

The Design, Manufacture And Mechanical Analysis Of An L4-5 Spinal Disc Prosthesis, Bohdan A. Siryi

Theses

The purpose of this research was to develop an intervertebral disc prosthesis which can provide the biomechanical properties of the natural disc. The prosthesis will be used to replace the symptomatic degenerated disc and thereby limit backpain and subsequent spinal disease.

Four cadaveric L4-5 motion segments were mechanically tested under axial compression and combined compression/torsion, generating compressive moduli and torsional stiffness values. Following, prosthetic discs were fabricated and mechanically tested, with the fabrication technique directed towards the optimization of mechanical properties in compression, torsion and bending.

Thirty silicon rubber and forty five polyurethane disc prostheses were fabricated. Silicon rubber, dacron …

Design Of A Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensor Based On Immobilized Hemoglobin, Mendu Govind Raj

Theses

The fiber optic Oxygen sensor consists of a thin layer of immobilized deoxyhemoglobin at the common end of a bifurcated fiber. Immobilization is done using the alginate gel procedure. The immobilized reagent is separated from the standard oxygen sample by the gel with or without semi-permeable membrane, and the entire configuration is enclosed in an oxygen free sample cell. Light from a tungsten-halogen lamp, filtered through a 405nm filter is passed through one arm of a bifurcated fiber to the sample cell. The reflected intensity (a highly polished aluminum foil or a plate is placed at the bottom of the …

A Field Perspective On Groundwater Contamination, John A. Cherry

Maine Collection

A Field Perspective on Groundwater Contamination

Geological Society of Maine Distinguished Lecturer John Cherry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, sponsored by the Department of Geosciences, University of Southern Maine, 19th May 1988.

Contents: Lecture 1 : Contaminant Migration Processes Illustrated by Field Experiments / Lecture 2 : Behavior of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids, Illustrated by Lab Experiments and Conceptual Examples / Lecture 3 : Field Case Histories on Groundwater Contamination / Lecture 4 : Hydrogeological Concepts and Criteria for Waste Disposal / Waterloo Center for Groundwater Research Publications List

Bioavailable Phosphorus In The Bear River System, Utah, Kenneth Warren Barker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The bioavailable fraction of phosphorus (BAP) in the lower Bear River system waters was investigated. BAP plays a critical role as the limiting nutrient for algal production and eutrophication in proposed reservoirs in the Bear River system. The Bear River system has a hardness ranging between 180-240 mg/L as CaCO₃ which significantly affects BAP.

BAP estimation was done by a modified Selenastrum capricornutum Printz Algal Assay Bottle Test. The algal bioassay is considered the best estimator of BAP because no chemical tests or indicator parameters are available. Autoclaving and UV radiation were found to be unacceptable means for sterilization …

Electromagnetic Field Variations In The Activation Of Bone Cell Synthesis, Gary Ketcherside

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Environmental Assessment Of Las Vegas Wash And Lake Mead Artificial Wetlands Demonstration Project, John R. Baker, R. M. Gersberg, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

The effective use of artificial wetlands for treatment of municipal wastewater is well documented; however, design and economic data for artificial wetlands development are limited (Gersberg et al., 1984a). This is due partly to regional differences in climate, soils, and vegetation and partly to the desired waste treatment. As a result, specific treatment levels and cost benefits relative to the use of an artificial wetlands for a particular site cannot be evaluated adequately without a pilot demonstration project. Las Vegas Wash receives sewage effluent from the Las Vegas metropolitan area and has been designated as a wetlands community park. Las …

Hydrodechlorination Reactions Of Trichloroethylene And 1,1 1, Trichloroethane Over Alumina Supported Palladium Catalysts, And, Trichloroethylene Over Nickel Catalyst, Atul R. Shah

Theses

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the viability for conversion of chlorocarbon wastes solvents into useful hydrocarbons and HCl by catalytic reduction. The second objective was to investigate the pathways for these hydrodechlorination reactions over the chosen alumina supported Palladium and nickel catalysts as well as determine selectivities, product distribution, and deactivation mechanism.

Reactions of trichloroethylene with hydrogen over alumina supported palladium catalyst was studied in temperature range 40°C to 57°C at one atmosphere total pressure. The major products observed were ethane and (cis) 1,2 dichloroethylene with trace products chloroethylene, chloroethane and (trans) 1,2 dichloroethylene. At the …

Optimal Design Aspects Of A Unit Treating Hazardous Wastes Via Biodegradation : A Theoretical Approach, Farnaz Saghafi

Theses

The treatment of wastes via biodegradation is a widely utilized technique in most industries today. The kinetics of biodegradation, in most cases, follow either the Monod (non-inhibitory) or Andrews (also known as Haldane, inhibitory) model as indicated by published experimental data. The present study investigates aspects of the optimal design of a unit treating wastes when the biodegradation kinetics are those mentioned above. The criterion of optimality is the minimum volume achieving a desired conversion under given load conditions.

Two alternatives from the point of view of the number of vessels (one and two), and three alternatives from the operational …

Adsorption Of Nickel And Lead With Activated Sludge, Chi-Yun Chen

Theses

Wastewater produced in domestic, commercial, and industrial activities often contains significant amounts of metals. This would result in the discharge of heavy metals into the sewer system. Some of the heavy metals can be adsorbed by activated sludge. This may present a problem for the treatment and ultimate disposal of sludge.

The purpose of the research was to determine how much metals can be adsorbed by sludge. Nickel and Lead were selected for this investigation because of their environmental significance. Both belong to priority pollutants considered potentially toxic. Factors affecting the adsorption, such as sludge concentration, metal concentration, mixing condition, …

The Distribution Of Chlorine And Iodine In Soil In The Vicinity Of Lead Mining And Smelting Operations, Bixby Area, S.E. Missouri, U.S.A., R. Fuge, M. J. Andrews, T. E. Clevenger, B. E. Davies, Nord L. Gale, C. F. Paveley, B. (Bobby) G. Wixson

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Iodine and Cl are enriched in soils in the vicinity of the Magmont and Buick lead mines near Bixby, southeastern Missouri. The enrichments, up to 5.6 ppm I and 305 ppm Cl, are against regional background of 1.26 ppm I and 41 ppm Cl. The area of highest I and Cl is thought to reflect a zone of base metal sulphide mineralization occurring about 400 m below the surface. Iodine and Cl are also enriched in soils immediately adjacent to a tailings pond, hence these elements would appear to be leached from this source. A zone of enhanced I values …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 30 Number 2, Winter 1988, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

10 - UNDERSTANDING THE NEW SOVIETS A first-person account of the Soviet Union today by the author of two books on Russia. By Jim Garrison

16 - HOW TO GET INTO ADVERTISING An English graduate goes from waiting tables to a senior vice presidency on Madison Avenue. By Barbara Boyle

20 - 1988 ECONOMIC FORECAST For 15 years, Mario Belotti's been making forecasts that are amazingly accurate. By Mario Belotti

22 - SANTA CLARA AND THE POPES Reviewing historic links with Rome shows how it affected SCU. By Gerald McKevitt, S.J.

26 - SCU'S ETERNAL FLAIM Biology professor Frank Flaim …

Interactions Of Antiprotons With Atoms And Molecules, Mitio Inokuti

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Antiproton beams of relatively low energies (below hundreds of MeV) have recently become available. The present article discusses the significance of those beams in the contexts of radiation physics and of atomic and molecular physics. Studies on individual collisions of antiprotons with atoms and molecules are valuable for a better understanding of collisions of protons or electrons, a subject with many applications. An antiproton is unique as' a stable, negative heavy particle without electronic structure, and it provides an excellent opportunity to study atomic collision theory. Comparison of the stopping powers of a material for an antiproton and a proton …

Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, To Ponca State Park, Nebraska

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The purpose of this supplement is to amend the design memorandum referenced above to include the recreational development at Riverside Park in Yankton, South Dakota.

A Timesaving Method For Labeling Figures, Tables And References, Randy Carlson

Biological Process Development Facility: Staff Publications

No matter how carefully an author outlines a manuscript, the figures, tables, and bibliographic citations are inevitably renumbered one or more times before the final draft. For example, the addition of a new reference to a late draft will sometimes entail the renumbering of all other references throughout the manuscript. A partial solution to this common technical problem in scientific writing is offered here. It is a refinement of an approach known to many scientists.