Digital Commons Network^™

Settlement Of Shallow Foundation In Dry Sand Under An Earthquake, Mohammed Al-Neami, Falah Rahil, Ahmed Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

Seismically induced settlement of buildings with shallow foundations resting on dry sand soils has resulted in severe damage in recent earthquakes. A multi-degree of freedom shaking table and a fixed container were manufactured and used to study the foundation settlement. Series of shaking experiments on the shallow foundation situated in a center of the container and atop of a dry sandy soil has been performed to identify the mechanisms involved to calculate the foundation settlement induced by earthquake shaking. In this research, the important factors are identified, including shaking intensity, the soil relative density, the degree of freedom and the …

Earthquake Response Of Model Footings On Soft Clays Strengthened By Stone Columns, Ann Raheem, Mohammed Fattah, Makki Al-Recaby

Engineering and Technology Journal

The objective of the present study is to understand the behavior of soft soil strengthened by stone columns under dynamic seismic load. Ordinary and encased stone columns were used under different conditions. The present study converges around the dynamic response of stone columns of lateral shaking, the interaction of soil frame for understanding settlement mechanisms and the prediction of dynamic load limitations of foundations in soft soils subjected to seismic load (during vibrations).  The results of this research will provide the basis for assessing measures to reduce the severity of seismic hazards and the seismic design of foundation structures in …

Fpga Implementation Of Modified Reconfigurable Adaptive Gain Scheduling Controller, Ali Wheed, Abbas Issa, Mohammed Y.

Engineering and Technology Journal

This article aims to put forward a modified type of adaptive gain scheduling that will be able to deal with the immeasurable and unpredictable variations of system variables by adapting its value at each time instance to follow any change in the input and overcome any disturbance applied to the system without the need to predetermine gains values. In addition, the inverse neural controller will precede the gain scheduling to eliminate the need for complex system linear zing and parameter estimation. Therefore, the problems of needing complex mathematics for system linearization and gains calculations have been solved. The performance of …

A Study About E-Commerce Based On Customer Behaviors, Zainab Mohammed, Suhad Kadhem

Engineering and Technology Journal

E-commerce is one of the new virtual technologies that make life simpler for both traders, marketers, and customers. However, the main problem for the seller was how to know customer's intentions when they enter the website. This paper proposed to predict whether customers make a purchase or not from their previous behaviors.  Therefore, this paper aims to predict the intentions of users that using online -shopping. the main aim of this study is to highlight customer behaviors to predict purchases and make a compression between the works that are related to the subject of this paper to conclude and suggest …

Intrusion Detection System For Nsl-Kdd Dataset Based On Deep Learning And Recursive Feature Elimination, Bilal Mohammed, Ekhlas Gbashi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Intrusion detection system is responsible for monitoring the systems and detect attacks, whether on (host or on a network) and identifying attacks that could come to the system and cause damage to them, that’s mean an IDS prevents unauthorized access to systems by giving an alert to the administrator before causing any serious harm. As a reasonable supplement of the firewall, intrusion detection technology can assist systems to deal with offensive, the Intrusions Detection Systems (IDSs) suffers from high false positive which leads to highly bad accuracy rate. So this work is suggested to implement (IDS) by using a Recursive …

Outdoor Localization In Mobile Robot With 3d Lidar Based On Principal Component Analysis And K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Hanan Atiyah, Mohammed Y.

Engineering and Technology Journal

Localization is one of the potential challenges for a mobile robot. Due to the inaccuracy of GPS systems in determining the location of the moving robot alongside weathering effects on sensors such as RGBs (e.g. rain and light-sensitivity(. This paper aims to improve the localization of mobile robots by combining the 3D LiDAR data with RGB-D images using deep learning algorithms. The proposed approach is to design an outdoor localization system. It is divided into three stages. The first stage is the training stage where 3D LiDAR scans the city and then reduces the dimensions of 3D LiDAR data to …

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Of The Seismic Retrofitting Of Existing Buildings, Shirin Abdulla, Mohammed Hamood, Mohammed Al Hamdani

Engineering and Technology Journal

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a helpful tool for finding solutions to civil engineering problems. In this paper, the numerical analysis was performed by simulating an experimental test by using FEA tools, Abaqus /CAE2019 was used to develop and retrofit solutions to sustain existing structures for seismic hazard. The 3D building was modeled, and nonlinear analysis was adopted. This experimental building was tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the ELSA facility that is in Ispra-Italy. This model was a building of a full-scale four-story tested using the pseudo-dynamic (PsD) techniques.The retrofitting model was done by adding new RC …

Indices-Based Evaluation Of Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Drought Within Derbendkhan Dam Watershed, Mahmoud Saleh Al-Khafaji, Rusul Al-Ameri

Engineering and Technology Journal

Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in Iraq. It has a strong impact on the water resources in Iraq. Consequently, it causes massive environmental damage, economic deficiency, and social problems to the country. Therefore, more considerations towards the study and management of drought has become of vital importance in recent decades.In this paper, three drought indices (DIs) were computed for evaluation of the spatiotemporal of drought within Derbendikhan Dam Watershed (DDW) in the Diyala River Basin, Iraq. Based on the monthly weather data for the period (1984 – 2013) downloaded from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) …

Gasoil Hydro-Desulfurization Using Catalyst Synthesized From Iraqi Kaolin Clay: Optimization With Response Surface Methodology (Rsm), Khlood Alkhafaji, Zaidoon Shakor, Bashir Al-Zaidi, Sattar Hussein [email protected]

Engineering and Technology Journal

This search aim to study the feasibility of hydro-desulfurization (HDS) of gas oil in fixed bed reactor by using economic support catalyst alumina meta kaolin (AMK) under various operating condition, i.e. Temp. (240−320 ◦C), Press. (3–12 bar), WHSV (2–6 h−1) at H2/HC ratio (50 vol./vol.). The support catalyst was prepared from Iraq kaolin and characterization by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.  Experimental design was used to determine which parameter (e.g. temperature, pressure and WHSV) has a greater influence on the obtained HDS and the optimum condition of process. The …

Protection Coordination Of 33/11 Kv Power Distribution Substation In Iraq, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Yamur Obied

Engineering and Technology Journal

The coordination between protective devices is the process of determining the most appropriate timing of power interruption during abnormal conditions in the power system. The aim of this work is to coordinate the protection of the 33/11 kV power distribution substation in Iraq using the CYME 7.1 software package. In this paper overcurrent and earth fault relays are simulated in two cases, with time delay setting and instantaneous setting, to obtain the Time Current Characteristics (TCC) curves for each Circuit Breaker (CB) relay of Al-Karama substation (2×31.5 MVA, 33/11 kV) in Babil distribution network. The short circuit current at each …

Secured Medical Image Hashing Based On Frequency Domain With Chaotic Map, Amira Jabbar, Ashwaq Hashim, Qusay Al-Doori

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, online-medicine got increased global interest, particularly during COVID19 pandemic. Data protection is important in the medical field since when promoting telemedicine applications, it is necessary to protect the patient data and personal information. A secured process is needed to transmit medical images over the Internet. In this paper hash algorithm is employed to protect the data by using powerful features from the coupled frequency domains of the Slantlet Transformation (SLT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The Region of Interest (ROI) is localized from an MRI image then extraction of a feature set is performed for calculating the hash …

Effect Of Adding Tio2on Some Mechanical Properties Of Galloy, Osamah Khadhair, Rana Anaee, Kadhum Shabeeb

Engineering and Technology Journal

Because of importance the Ga alloys in dental applications, many attempts were  done  to  improve  the  properties  of  this  alloy. The  currentwork involves  addition  of  TiO2nanotube  powder  to  Galloy  to  improve  somemechanical  properties.  These  properties  included  hardness,  compression, and creep. The characterization of prepared TiO2/Galloys with five wt% of TiO2(1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) was done by XRD and SEM/EDS. The results showed  that  the  hardness,  compression, were  increased  with  increasing percentage  of  added  TiO2,  while  creep  decrease.Some phases  such as β-Sn,  Ag2Ga  and  Ag9In4were  contributed  to  improve  the  properties  of  new TiO2/Galloycomposites.

Optimal H-Infinity Pid Model Reference Controller Design For Roll Control Of A Tail-Sitter Vtol Uav, Ali H. Mhmood, Hazem I. Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, an optimal and robust controller based on consolidating the PID controller and H-infinity approach with the model reference control is proposed. The proposed controller is intended to accomplish a satisfactory transient response by including the reference model. A Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV system is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. A dynamic model of the system is formulated using Euler method. To optimize the design procedure, the Black Hole Optimization (BHO) method is used as a new Calibration method. The deviation between the reference model output and system output will be minimized to obtain the …

Assessment Of The Water Quality Index Of The Tigris River Between The University Of Baghdad And Diyala River, Ayat N. Abed, Gahyda Y. Al Kindi, Tariq A. Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

The Tigris River is considered as one of the two major rivers in Iraq. Many factories are located on both bank of the river such as the public company for soft drinks, Al-Dura oil refinery, chemical, plastic, and leather factories, Dura electricity station, and others. It is well known that most discharge effluents into the river do not match national standard specifications. In addition, the major aim of the presented work is to assess the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the Tigris River starting from The University of Baghdad to 0.5 km downflow the confluence of the Diyala River. The …

Estimation Of The Components Of Residential Solid Waste In Baqubah City And Their Generation Rate, Esraa Q. Shehab, Zainab B. Mohammed, Mohammed Y. Fattah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Municipal solid waste is of variable, non-uniform inconsistent nature and the method by which the sample to acquire is decisive if the results are to be reliable. For data collection, an integrated methodological approach was introduced, including field investigation, questionnaire survey, and personal interviews, which were employed to estimate the rate of waste production and physical composition at the source of generation. Samples were collected from different socio-economic clusters (socio-income level). According to the results of the preliminary survey for 99% confidence interval and 10% standard error, the optimum sample size was 105 households, in Baqubah City in Diyala Governorate …

(Polyphenyl Sulfone - Polyether Sulfone) Blending To Performance Flat Sheet Membrane To Remove Some Heavy And Radioactive Elements From Phosphogypsum Waste, Waleed T.Rashid, Israa A. Alkadir, Moayyed G. Jalhoom, Khalid T. Rashid

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, the traditional version of the phase inversion method was used to fabricate a flat sheet of a blended membrane. The method was involved using a polymer that blends polyether sulfone (PES) varied proportions (0,3,4 and 5 wt.%), and polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) was 20wt%. It was found that with the addition of PES, the membrane properties increased, the best properties were with 4%wt. The ratio was chosen PES 4wt% to study the effect of time, temperature, and pressure on the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements. The increase in the porosity was with the addition of 4% PES. …

Chemical Precipitation Method For Sulphate Removal From Treated Wastewater Of Al-Doura Refinery, Aumar Alnakeeb, Rana Mohammed Rasheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Wastewater treatment by Wastewater Treatment Plant, named (INGECO) in Doura refinery suffers from the elevated level of sulphate ion concentrations compared to the recommended EPA [14] specified (250 mg/L). The annual rate, maximum and peak sulphate concentrations that found to be 360; 425 and 550 mg/L respectively. In this study samples prepared from industrial wastewater and the average, maximum and peak sulphate concentrations to be used in chemical precipitation process by using BaCl2 or Al(OH)3. Results obtained from BaCl2 treatment refer to the optimum (dosage, mixing time and mixing speed) to be used in sulphate removal for reuse purpose were …

Detection Of Confusion Behavior Using A Facial Expression Based On Different Classification Algorithms, Fatima I. Yasser, Bassam H. Abd, Saad M. Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

Confusion detection systems (CDSs) that need Noninvasive, mobile, and cost-effective methods use facial expressions as a technique to detect confusion. In previous works, the technology that the system used represents a major gap between this proposed CDS and other systems. This CDS depends on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) that is used to extract facial features. The FACS shows the motion of the facial muscles represented by Action Units (AUs); the movement is represented with one facial muscle or more. Seven AUs are used as possible markers for detecting confusion that has been implemented in the form of a …

Analytical Study Of Affecting Gasoline Quality Properties On Environment And Its Conformity With Specifications, Dhuha K. Ismayyir, Lamyaa M. Dawood

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gasoline is an important fuel in human life, but it is also responsible for deteriorating Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) through fugitive and exhaust emissions. In this study, chemical properties (Sulfur and Lead content) of gasoline production at Al-Daura refinery were verify based on a statistical quality control tool. Gasoline samples were examined in January/2011 and compared with samples examined in January/2019. In this study, it was concluded that the average production process and process variability for Sulfur content and added Lead value are stable. In January/2011 Sulfur content conforms to Iraqi and European standard specifications, but Lead value doesn’t conform …

Behavior Of Single Micropile Under Different Lateral Load Rates, Mohammed A. Al-Neami, Husam H. Baqir, Saif H. Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper displays an empirical work of a micropile inserted in the dry river sand with different length to diameter (L/D) ratios (13, 15, 27, 42, and 50). The experimental work is executed on the models of micropile to imitate the side force motion, acting on the micropile head to explain the micropile conduct due to the different side force rates. Forty-five models are tested (eighteen models for short pile, eighteen model for long pile and nine models for intermediate) embedded in different relative densities of sandy soil. The results illustrate that for the same relative density, the lateral load …

An Improved Method For Combine (Lsb And Msb) Based On Color Image Rgb, Sally A. Mahdi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Image steganography is the art of hiding data into an image by using the secret key. This paper presents two techniques that combine the most significant bit (MSB) as well as the least significant bit (LSB) based on a color image (24bit for RGB). The presented study proposes a novel method to combine (LSB and MSB) bits based on check MSB values and replace bits from LSB with a secret message. The result of this proposed method that made not affect quality stego -image based on the resulting histogram that shows a match between the cover image and stego- image …

Encryption Voip Based On Generated Biometric Key For Rc4 Algorithm, Raya W. Abd Aljabar, Nidaa F. Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calls are susceptible to interfere at many points by many attackers, thus encryption considered an important part in keeping VoIP. In this paper, Encryption VoIP based on Generated Biometric Key for RC4 Algorithm is proposed to encrypt the voice data before transmitting it over the network. The system uses a stream algorithm based on RC4 encryption with the new method of biometrics based Key generation technique. This system has generated complex keys in offline phase which is formed depend on features extracted using Linear Discernment Analysis (LDA) from face images. The experimental work shows that …

Survey Of Recent Video Watermarking Techniques, Taisir N. Hummadia, Nidaa F. Hassanb

Engineering and Technology Journal

With the development of the Internet coupled with expanding the accessibility of multimedia, various copyright issues have resulted. Several researchers have been working on watermarks to provide the security, durability, and a perception of multimedia. This paper a review of some recent works is presented related to video watermarking techniques, this study focuses on the pros and cons of recent video watermarking, areas of application, and the different types and attacks that are standing against these watermarking techniques. The results obtained from this study showed that watermark techniques based on the transfer domain, are more popular than those of the …

Age Estimation In Short Speech Utterances Based On Bidirectional Gated-Recurrent Neural Networks, Ameer A. Badr, Alia K. Abdul-Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, age estimates from speech have received growing interest as they are important for many applications like custom call routing, targeted marketing, or user-profiling. In this work, an automatic system to estimate age in short speech utterances without depending on the text is proposed. From each utterance frame, four groups of features are extracted and then 10 statistical functionals are measured for each extracted dimension of the features, to be followed by dimensionality reduction using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Finally, bidirectional Gated-Recurrent Neural Networks (G- RNNs) are used to predict speaker age. Experiments are conducted on the VoxCeleb1 dataset to …

Analysis And Implementation Of Kerberos Protocol In Hybrid Cloud Computing Environments, Turkan A. Khaleel

Engineering and Technology Journal

The concept of cloud computing has recently changed how hardware, software, and information are handled. However, security challenges and credibility requirements have never changed and may have increased. Protecting cloud computing and providing security for its resources and users is one of the critical challenges. As a result, most users are afraid to use their resources, because many security problems must be met. For example, authentication and reliability are major security constraints and must be provided in a cloud computing environment. There is a wide range of authentication protocols in use, but the researcher has recommended the Kerberos protocol to …

Effect Of Pulse Electric Field On Water Characteristics As A Disinfection Function In Filtration Unit, Ghassan Abukhanafer, Alaa H. Al-Fatlawi, Hassan H. Joni

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper studied the impact of the addition of pulse electric-filed low voltage (PEF-LV) in the filtration process by designing, constructing, and operating a pilot-scale. The Disinfectant process (DP) demonstrated several benefits in terms of efficiency and ease of application, without the use of any chemical additive. This system contains two pairs of silver mesh electrodes inside the filtration column test with a low pulse voltage for killing microorganisms. The parametric effects of DP performance, such as alternating current pulse frequency and the voltage applied were investigated. The effect of PEF-LV on the biological, physical, and chemical characteristic of water …

Genpix: A Diverse Dataset For Fake Image Detection, Guessoum Dalila, Benblidia Nadjia, Boumahdi Fatima, Remmide Mohamed Abdelkarim, Nouri Tarek-Amine, Bataouche Azeddine-Lotfi

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

The rapid advancement of sophisticated generative models has intensified the need for robust fake image detection systems. However, many existing benchmark datasets suffer from limited diversity in content types and generation techniques, constraining the generalization ability of detection models. To address these limitations, we introduce GenPix (Generalized Pixels), a comprehensive dataset encompassing over 80,000 images spanning diverse categories, including faces, objects, and scenes, generated by multiple state-of-the-art models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and diffusion-based architectures. The dataset includes samples from different generation methods to ensure broad coverage of fake image characteristics.

GenPix provides a realistic evaluation environment that …

Comparative Performance Evaluation Of A Gpu-Accelerated Watershed Model For Flood Inundation Mapping, Maliha Ali

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

This study evaluates PyWMP (Python-based Watershed Modeling and Planning), which is a flood modeling framework developed by the Center for Water Resiliency and Risk Reduction (CWR3) at Florida Atlantic University (FAU). The framework includes a 2D Rain-on-Mesh (ROM) solver, which is an explicit finite-volume shallow-water equation model. PyWMP is compared against HEC-RAS 2D and Flood Modeller for their rain-on-grid capabilities for watershed-scale flood inundation mapping under three design storm scenarios. The performance of PyWMP was evaluated using both quantitative and spatial metrics. Mean absolute error values showed that the average depth difference between each model is under 1 foot. Percent …

Analysis Of Flood Modeling For The Replication Of An Extreme Rainfall Event In South Florida, Lusnel Fritznel Ferdinand

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Flooding is the most common natural disaster in the United States, and trends show an increase in flood risk for the foreseeable future. Florida averages 45 flood disasters per year, at an annual cost of $86 million. Communities in Florida are susceptible to a variety of flood-inducing sources, including tropical cyclones, extreme rainfall, and rising sea levels, which can impact the tourism industry and the economic well-being of residents. The first objective of the thesis was to use flood modeling to replicate the extreme rainfall event that caused heavy flooding in Broward County, Florida, from April 12-13, 2023. A commercial …

Integrated Construction Uncertainty Quantification Framework Icuqf, Felix Delmonte

Mechanical and Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

This study develops ICUQF, an integrated uncertainty framework for digitally instrumented construction megaprojects that unite probabilistic simulation, fuzzy reasoning, Bayesian networks, AI-driven anomaly detection, BIM-linked digital twins, and organizational learning into a single operational architecture. The framework classifies uncertainty into aleatory variability, epistemic gaps, data-centric and model-centric risks, and cognitive or cultural sources, mapping each class to computational treatments such as Monte Carlo engines for stochastic variability, fuzzy intervals and p-boxes for imprecise expert judgments, and hierarchical Bayesian models for coherent evidence aggregation and online updating. ICUQF specifies data pipelines that connect IoT sensing, edge processing, cloud storage, and Common …