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Micromotion And Scarring Do Not Contribute To Failure Of Regenerative Peripheral Neural Interfacing, Nivedita Khobragade Jan 2011

Micromotion And Scarring Do Not Contribute To Failure Of Regenerative Peripheral Neural Interfacing, Nivedita Khobragade

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Neuroprosthetics facilitate amputees with motor function restoration by interfacing nervous system with artificial limb and enabling control of the prosthetic device by volitional thought. Though such neurointerfacing provides dexterity nearly mimicking natural limb agility, the clinical viability of such prosthetics is limited by the lack of long-term reliability. In central nervous system, these implants fail due to foreign body reaction and glial scar formation around the implant. The cause of decrease in active sites of interfacing in peripheral nervous system, which is less invasive than central nervous system implantation, has not been established. Recently an open architecture, regenerative peripheral neural …

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Wireless Closed-Loop Feedback Systems For Automatic Detection And Suppression Of Nociceptive Signals, Aydin Farajidavar Jan 2011

Wireless Closed-Loop Feedback Systems For Automatic Detection And Suppression Of Nociceptive Signals, Aydin Farajidavar

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Chronic pain is an important public health issue. Several approaches have been implemented for management of chronic pain, including surgical implantation of neurostimulators. Neurostimulators have been used in clinics for spinal cord implantation and they have been suitable for relieving certain types of pains, such as neuropathic pain in leg or arm, complex regional pain, and refractory angina. The stimulation at spinal cord has little relieving effects on syndromes such as facial pain, cluster headache, phantom limb pain, and post stroke pain. For treating such syndromes, electrical stimulation of deep brain structures such as thalamic nuclei (e.g. ventroposterolateral (VPL) or …

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Comparison Of Progression Of Diffuse Axonal Injury With Histology And Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Nisrine Zakaria Jan 2011

Comparison Of Progression Of Diffuse Axonal Injury With Histology And Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Nisrine Zakaria

Wayne State University Dissertations

Diffuse axonal injury, also known as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), is a major contributor to the pathology of traumatic brain injury. However, TAI is undetectable to conventional clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques. Histologically, TAI is characterized by swollen axons that eventually disconnect and form axonal retraction balls (RB) in various white matter tracts. MR-diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) has been reported to be sensitive to TAI in human TBI patients by measuring water molecular diffusion motion in white matter fiber tracts. To date, only one correlative animal study has been carried out to investigate the DTI relationship to TAI, and …

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Characterization Of Multifunctional Biodegradable - Biocompatible Icg-Loaded Nanoparticles And Their Feasibility For Prostate Cancer Imaging And Phototherapy, Ronak Patel Jan 2011

Characterization Of Multifunctional Biodegradable - Biocompatible Icg-Loaded Nanoparticles And Their Feasibility For Prostate Cancer Imaging And Phototherapy, Ronak Patel

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the United States, and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The conventional diagnostic procedures use an invasive approach to collect the biopsy tissue samples. Also, treatments currently used include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical removal of the prostate associated with high risks of surgical complications. Among all the imaging modalities, Near Infrared (NIR) optical imaging could be a possible candidate for minimally invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer with avoidance of harmful radiation and relatively low cost. This motivation brings the development of multifunctional polymeric (di- lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles …

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Hybrid Dynamic Simulation For Performance Optimization Of Legged Mechanisms, Daniel Montrallo Flickinger Jan 2011

Hybrid Dynamic Simulation For Performance Optimization Of Legged Mechanisms, Daniel Montrallo Flickinger

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Agile locomotion is needed for mobile robots to efficiently navigate challenging terrain. The ability of an agile legged mobile robot to abruptly change trajectory allows it toquickly react to obstacles and successfully operate in environments usually more suited forlegged animals. The research presented herein aims to increase the agility and performanceof legged robots.Using hybrid dynamic simulation, novel methods are developed to model the inter-action of a legged robot with the ground. In considering robot agility, an accurate model ofthe events that occur while in contact is needed. Methods are developed to model groundinteraction where oblique angled impacts occur, and to …

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Use Of Vegetative Mulch As Daily And Intermediate Landfill Cover, Assal Edwar Haddad Jan 2011

Use Of Vegetative Mulch As Daily And Intermediate Landfill Cover, Assal Edwar Haddad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Management of yard waste is a significant challenge in the US, where in 2008 13.2% of the 250 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) was reported to be yard waste. This study describes research conducted in the laboratory and field to examine the application of vegetative mulch as daily and intermediate landfill cover. Mulch was found to exhibit stronger physical properties than soil, leading to a more stable landfill slope. Compaction of mulch was found to be significantly greater than soil, potentially resulting in airspace recovery. Degradation of mulch produced a soil-like material; degradation resulted in lower physical strength …

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Mass Conservation Analysis For The Lower St. Johns River Using Continuous And Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods, Lillie E. Thomas Jan 2011

Mass Conservation Analysis For The Lower St. Johns River Using Continuous And Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods, Lillie E. Thomas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis provides a mass conservation analysis of the Lower St. Johns River for the purpose of providing basis for future salinity transport modeling. The analysis provides an assessment of the continuous (CG) and discontinuous (DG) Galerkin finite element methods with respect to their mass conservation properties. The following thesis also presents a rigorous literature review pertaining to salinity transport in the Lower St. Johns River, from which this effort generates the data used to initialize and validate numerical simulations. Two research questions are posed and studied in this thesis: can a DG-based modeling approach produce mass conservative numerical solutions; …

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Development Of A Biomechanical Surrogate For The Evaluation Of Commotio Cordis Protection, Nathan Dau Jan 2011

Development Of A Biomechanical Surrogate For The Evaluation Of Commotio Cordis Protection, Nathan Dau

Wayne State University Dissertations

Commotio Cordis (CC) has proven to be life threatening for young athletes as it is the second leading cause of mortality in youth sports. In the past 15 years, researchers have been working to understand the pathophysiology of this event. It has been proven that impacts directly over the cardiac silhouette during a vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle can cause CC. In order to reduce the occurrence of CC in sports, chest protectors need to be tested for efficacy. Currently there is no biofidelic surrogate to serve this purpose. In order to test equipment to a given standard of …

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Ethanol Yields And Cell Wall Properties In Divergently Bred Switchgrass Genotypes, Gautam Sarath, Bruce S. Dien, Aaron J. Saathoff, Kenneth P. Vogel, Robert B. Mitchell, Han Chen Jan 2011

Ethanol Yields And Cell Wall Properties In Divergently Bred Switchgrass Genotypes, Gautam Sarath, Bruce S. Dien, Aaron J. Saathoff, Kenneth P. Vogel, Robert B. Mitchell, Han Chen

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Genetic modification of herbaceous plant cell walls to increase biofuels yields is a primary bioenergy research goal. Using two switchgrass populations developed by divergent breeding for ruminant digestibility, the contributions of several wall-related factors to ethanol yields was evaluated. Field grown low lignin plants significantly out yielded high lignin plants for conversion to ethanol by 39.1% and extraction of xylans by 12%. However, across all plants analyzed, greater than 50% of the variation in ethanol yields was attributable to changes in tissue and cell wall architecture, and responses of stem biomass to diluteacid pretreatment. Although lignin levels were lower in …

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Miniature Wireless Gastrostimulator, Sanchali Deb Jan 2011

Miniature Wireless Gastrostimulator, Sanchali Deb

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Gastroparesis is a common disorder caused to patients suffering from diabetes, cancer and Parkinson's disease. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has attracted significant attention in the treatment for Gastroparesis. GES inflicts electrical pulses to the stomach tissues to help regain normal motility and hence reduces Gastroparesis symptoms like vomiting, nausea, abdominal bloating etc. Conventional gastric stimulator needs a long surgery to be implanted and it is a big pacemaker like device that runs by a non-rechargeable battery. It has to be replaced once the battery gets exhausted. Hence another round of surgery is done when these devices are needed to be …

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A Contextual Approach To Learning Collaborative Behavior Via Observation, Cynthia L. Johnson Jan 2011

A Contextual Approach To Learning Collaborative Behavior Via Observation, Cynthia L. Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation describes a novel technique to creating a simulated team of agents through observation. Simulated human teamwork can be used for a number of purposes, such as expert examples, automated teammates for training purposes and realistic opponents in games and training simulation. Current teamwork simulations require the team member behaviors be programmed into the simulation, often requiring a great deal of time and effort. None are able to observe a team at work and replicate the teamwork behaviors. Machine learning techniques for learning by observation and learning by demonstration have proven successful at observing behavior of humans or other …

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Virtual Prototype Modeling And Simulation Of Pipe Wagon Articulating System, Y. Li, Samuel Frimpong, W. Y. Liu Jan 2011

Virtual Prototype Modeling And Simulation Of Pipe Wagon Articulating System, Y. Li, Samuel Frimpong, W. Y. Liu

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Virtual prototype of pipe wagon articulating (PWA) system has been developed and simulated based on the kinematics and dynamics of machinery and Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) software. It has been integrated with real-time three dimensional (3-D) system simulations for detailed and responsive interaction with dynamic virtual environments. By using this virtual model, the conceptual design examination and performance analysis of the PWA system have been realized dynamically in virtual laboratory. System dynamic force, displacement and tension of pipe have been measured through verifying this 3- D virtual prototype. By comparing the static tension and dynamic tension of …

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Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City, David J. Tonjes, Christine O'Connell, Omkar Aphale, R. Lawrence Swanson Jan 2011

Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City, David J. Tonjes, Christine O'Connell, Omkar Aphale, R. Lawrence Swanson

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Henry Hudson first sailed toNew Yorkharbor 400 years ago. Since then,New York Cityhas both affected and been affected by water quality in greaterNew YorkHarbor. In this paper, we focus on sewers, sewerage, and sewage treatment inManhattanand their effects on theHudson River. It is clear that feedbacks among drinking water quality and quantity, population, public perceptions, regulations, and estuarine water quality exist, although their strength and character have varied over time. Early land uses damaged local water supplies found on ManhattanIsland. New Yorkthen began to exploit the large fresh water resources available to its north, which helped the City to expand …

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Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2010, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky Jan 2011

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2010, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The 2010 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements for the Section 104(b) base grant award into a single document that includes: 1) a synopsis of each research project that was conducted during the period, 2) citations for related publications, reports, and presentations, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable awards and achievements during the year.

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Approaches To Arc Flash Hazard Mitigation In 600 Volt Power Systems, Curtis Thomas Latzo Jan 2011

Approaches To Arc Flash Hazard Mitigation In 600 Volt Power Systems, Curtis Thomas Latzo

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Federal regulations have recognized that arc flash hazards are a critical source of potential injury. As a consequence, in order to work on some electrical equipment, the energy source must be completely shut-down. However, power distribution systems in mission critical facilities such as hospitals and data centers must sometimes remain energized while being maintained. In recent years the Arc Flash Hazard Analysis has emerged as a power system tool that informs the qualified technician of the incident energy at the equipment to be maintained and recommends the proper protective equipment to wear. Due to codes, standards and historically acceptable design …

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A Multi-Species Analysis Of Biomechanical Responses Of The Head To A Shock Wave, Richard Bolander Jan 2011

A Multi-Species Analysis Of Biomechanical Responses Of The Head To A Shock Wave, Richard Bolander

Wayne State University Dissertations

Shock wave induced brain injury remains a field of research that has great consequences for the rehabilitation of soldiers and civilians that are exposed to an explosion. As such, for the research to be successful in developing strategies to mitigate the effects of these injuries, appropriate research methods need to be developed. Animal models are currently employed to understand the brain's response to a shock wave exposure. Unfortunately no criteria have been established that indicates in what way the mechanical inputs that the cells in an animal's brain are subjected to are similar to a human. The purpose of this …

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Processed Resorbable Polymer Nanocomposites For Bone Graft Substitute Applications, Kevin Baker Jan 2011

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Processed Resorbable Polymer Nanocomposites For Bone Graft Substitute Applications, Kevin Baker

Wayne State University Dissertations

Numerous clinical situations necessitate the use of bone graft materials to enhance bone formation. While autologous and allogenic materials are considered the gold standards in the setting of fracture healing and spine fusion, their disadvantages, which include donor site morbidity and finite supply have stimulated research and development of novel bone graft substitute materials. Among the most promising candidate materials are resorbable polymers, composed of lactic and/or glycolic acid. While the characteristics of these materials, such as predictable degradation kinetics and biocompatibility, make them an excellent choice for bone graft substitute applications, they lack mechanical strength when synthesized with the …

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Computational Simulation Of Skull Fracture Patterns In Pediatric Subjects Using A Porcine Model, Christina Devito Wagner Jan 2011

Computational Simulation Of Skull Fracture Patterns In Pediatric Subjects Using A Porcine Model, Christina Devito Wagner

Wayne State University Dissertations

In cases of suspected child abuse with skeletal trauma, it is often the role of the injury biomechanist, forensic pathologist, clinical radiologist, and forensic anthropologist to determine the mechanism of injury when the child victims cannot speak for themselves. This is a challenging task, especially for the head, as comprehensive biomechanical data on skull fracture in infants and children do not currently exist, and frequently the determination regarding cause of injury is based on anecdotal evidence from the medical literature and unsubstantiated eyewitness accounts. The current process may result in unreliable autopsy interpretation and miscarriages of justice due to a …

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A Vision Based Feedback Mechanism For 6-Dof Stewart Platform, Utku Büyükşahi̇n Jan 2011

A Vision Based Feedback Mechanism For 6-Dof Stewart Platform, Utku Büyükşahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Eyes are the most ubiquitous sensors of humankind. However, ``Vision Based Sensors" are not as common as what this fact would suggest. A survey of the previous work on image processing would reveal that the bulk of the research in this area have been conducted since the year 2000. These facts clearly show that image processing is the technology of our century, and is very open to further development. In this work, a system that combines a classical mechanism of the 20th century with the recent technology of the 21st century is presented and the design, theoretical background, the software …

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Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2011 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police Jan 2011

Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2011 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC COLLISION FACTS report for 2011 is based on collision reports submitted to the Kentucky State Police Records Branch. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, “every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.” The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic collisions for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth. Data contained in this report are based solely on the observations …

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Novel Film Formation Pathways For Cu2znsnse4 For Solar Cell Applications, Sree Satya Kanth Bendapudi Jan 2011

Novel Film Formation Pathways For Cu2znsnse4 For Solar Cell Applications, Sree Satya Kanth Bendapudi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Because of the anticipated high demand for Indium, ongoing growth of CIGS technology may be limited. Kesterite materials, which replace In with a Zn/Sn couple, are thought to be a solution to this issue. However, efficiencies are still below the 10% level, and these materials are proving to be complex. Even determination of the bandgap is not settled because of the occurrence of secondary phases. We use a film growth process, 2SSS, which we believe helps control the formation of secondary phases. Under the right growth conditions we find 1/1 Zn/Sn ratios and XRD signatures for Cu2ZnSnSe4 with no evidence …

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Investigation Of Titanium Nitride As Catalyst Support Material And Development Of Durable Electrocatalysts For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Bharat Avasarala Jan 2011

Investigation Of Titanium Nitride As Catalyst Support Material And Development Of Durable Electrocatalysts For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Bharat Avasarala

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The impending energy and climatic crisis makes it imperative for human society to seek non-fossil based alternative sources for our energy needs. Although many alternative energy technologies are currently being developed, fuel cell technology provides energy solutions, which satisfy a wide range of applications. But the current fuel cell technology is far from its target of large scale commercialization mainly because of its high cost and poor durability. Considerable work has been done in reducing the cost but its durability still needs significant improvement. Of the various materials in a PEM fuel cell, the degradation of electrocatalyst affects its durability …

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Sequence Alignment From The Perspective Of Stochastic Optimization: A Survey, İhsan Ömür Bucak, Volkan Uslan Jan 2011

Sequence Alignment From The Perspective Of Stochastic Optimization: A Survey, İhsan Ömür Bucak, Volkan Uslan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

DNA and protein are the fundamental biological sequences. DNA is a fundamental molecule that plays a vital role in the processes of life. Proteins synthesized by DNA in a cell are the building blocks of every living organism. There is a variety of reasons behind the alignment of biological sequences. Biological sequence alignment helps to discover functional and structural similarity of sequences. Biologists work with these aligned sequences to construct phylogenetic trees, characterize protein families, and predict protein structure. Sequence alignment is an extremely promising field of research that is characterized by very high computational complexity. Stochastic optimization is needed …

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A Novel And Efficient Algorithm For Adaptive Filtering: Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Nurhan Karaboğa, Mehmet Bahadir Çeti̇nkaya Jan 2011

A Novel And Efficient Algorithm For Adaptive Filtering: Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Nurhan Karaboğa, Mehmet Bahadir Çeti̇nkaya

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The uni-modal error surfaces and intrinsic stable behaviors of adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters make gradient based algorithms very effective in the design of these filters. Gradient based design methods are well developed for the design of adaptive FIR filters and widely applied to the distinct areas such as noise cancellation, system identification and channel equalization. However, the studies on adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filters are not as common as adaptive FIR filters since the stability during the adaptation process may not be ensured in some applications, and the convergence to the optimal design is not always guaranteed …

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Measuring Traffic Flow And Classifying Vehicle Types: A Surveillance Video Based Approach, Erhan İnce Jan 2011

Measuring Traffic Flow And Classifying Vehicle Types: A Surveillance Video Based Approach, Erhan İnce

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The paper presents a vehicle counting method based on invariant moments and shadow aware foreground masks. Estimation of the background and the segmentation of foreground regions can be done using either the Mixture of Gaussians model (MoG) or an improved version of the Group Based Histogram (GBH) technique. The work demonstrates that, even though the improved GBH method delivers performance just as good as MoG, considering computational efficiency, MoG is more suitable. Shadow aware binary masks for each frame are formed by using background subtraction and shadow removal in the Hue Saturation and Value (HSV) domain. To determine new vehicles …

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A Fuzzy Rule-Based System For Predicting The Live Weight Of Holstein Cows Whose Body Dimensions Were Determined By Image Analysis, Şaki̇r Taşdemi̇r, Abdullah Ürkmez, Şeref İnal Jan 2011

A Fuzzy Rule-Based System For Predicting The Live Weight Of Holstein Cows Whose Body Dimensions Were Determined By Image Analysis, Şaki̇r Taşdemi̇r, Abdullah Ürkmez, Şeref İnal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the body measurement of Holstein cows through image analysis (IA) and to estimate their live weight (LW) by means of a fuzzy rule-based model using the body measurements. For this purpose, a photography environment was established at a dairy cattle farm where a large number of cows were kept. First, digital photographs of each animal were synchronously taken from different directions with Canon EOS 400D cameras. At the same time, body dimensions, namely wither height (WH), hip height (HH), body length (BL), and hip width (HW), of the cows were manually measured …

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Design And Control Of The Humanoid Robot Suralp, Kemaletti̇n Erbatur, Utku Seven, Evri̇m Taşkiran, Özer Koca, Meti̇n Yilmaz, Mustafa Ünel, Güllü Kiziltaş Şendur, Asif Sabanovic, Ahmet Onat Jan 2011

Design And Control Of The Humanoid Robot Suralp, Kemaletti̇n Erbatur, Utku Seven, Evri̇m Taşkiran, Özer Koca, Meti̇n Yilmaz, Mustafa Ünel, Güllü Kiziltaş Şendur, Asif Sabanovic, Ahmet Onat

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

SURALP is a 29 degrees-of-freedom full-body walking humanoid robot designed and constructed at Sabanci University - Turkey. The human-sized robot is actuated by DC motors, belt and pulley systems and Harmonic Drive reduction gears. The sensory equipment consists of joint encoders, force/torque sensors, inertial measurement systems and cameras. The control hardware is based on a dSpace digital signal processor. This paper reviews the design of this robot and presents experimental walking results. A posture zeroing procedure is followed after manual zeroing of the robot joints. Controllers for landing impact reduction, early landing trajectory modification, foot-ground orientation compliance, body inclination and …

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Investigations Of Transcript Expression In Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas) Brain Tissue Reveal Toxicological Impacts Of Rdx Exposure, Kurt A. Gust, Mitchell S. Wilbanks, Xin Guan, Mehdi Pirooznia, Tanwir Habib, Leslie Yoo, Henri Wintz, Chris D. Vulpe, Edward J. Perkins Jan 2011

Investigations Of Transcript Expression In Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas) Brain Tissue Reveal Toxicological Impacts Of Rdx Exposure, Kurt A. Gust, Mitchell S. Wilbanks, Xin Guan, Mehdi Pirooznia, Tanwir Habib, Leslie Yoo, Henri Wintz, Chris D. Vulpe, Edward J. Perkins

United States Army: Publications

Production, usage and disposal of the munitions constituent (MC) cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) has led to environmental releases on  military facilities. The chemical attributes of RDX are conducive for leaching to surface water which may put aquatic organisms at risk of exposure. Because RDX has been observed to cause aberrant neuromuscular effects across a wide range of animal phyla, we assessed the effects of RDX on central nervous system (CNS) functions in the representative aquatic ecotoxicological model species, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). We developed a fathead minnow brain-tissue cDNA library enriched for transcripts differentially expressed in response to RDX and …

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Antimicrobial Decapeptide Ksl-W Attenuates Candida Albicans Virulence By Modulating Its Effects On Toll-Like Receptor, Human Β-Defensin, And Cytokine Expression By Engineered Human Oral Mucosa, A. Semlali, K. P. Leung, S. Curt, M. Rouabhia Jan 2011

Antimicrobial Decapeptide Ksl-W Attenuates Candida Albicans Virulence By Modulating Its Effects On Toll-Like Receptor, Human Β-Defensin, And Cytokine Expression By Engineered Human Oral Mucosa, A. Semlali, K. P. Leung, S. Curt, M. Rouabhia

United States Army: Publications

We investigated the toxicity of synthetic antimicrobial decapeptide KSL-W on normal human gingival epithelial cell cultures, its effect on Candida albicans adhesion and growth, and the activation of epithelial cell innate immunity. Our results indicate that KSL-W had no toxic effect on cell adhesion or growth, suggesting its safe use with human cells. Pre-treating C. albicans with KSL-W attenuated the yeast’s virulence as demonstrated by its reduced adhesion and growth on engineered human oral mucosa epithelium and the subsequent decreased expression of some innate defense molecules by targeted epithelial cells. Indeed, the expression of Toll-like receptors and human β-defensins was …

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Protective Efficacy Of Catalytic Bioscavenger, Paraoxonase 1 Against Sarin And Soman Exposure In Guinea Pigs, Manojkumar Valiyaveettil, Yonas Alamneh, Peter Rezk, Lionel Biggemann, Michael W. Perkins, Alfred M. Sciuto, Bhupendra P. Doctor, Madhusoodana P. Nambiar Jan 2011

Protective Efficacy Of Catalytic Bioscavenger, Paraoxonase 1 Against Sarin And Soman Exposure In Guinea Pigs, Manojkumar Valiyaveettil, Yonas Alamneh, Peter Rezk, Lionel Biggemann, Michael W. Perkins, Alfred M. Sciuto, Bhupendra P. Doctor, Madhusoodana P. Nambiar

United States Army: Publications

Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been portrayed as a catalytic bioscavenger which can hydrolyze large amounts of chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides compared to the stoichiometric bioscavengers such as butyrylcholinesterase. We evaluated the protective efficacy of purified human and rabbit serum PON1 against nerve agents sarin and soman in guinea pigs. Catalytically active PON1 purified from human and rabbit serum was intravenously injected to guinea pigs, which were 30 min later exposed to 1.2 × LCt50 sarin or soman using a microinstillation inhalation exposure technology. Pre-treatment with 5 units of purified human and rabbit serum …

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