Digital Commons Network^™

Intelligent Torque Control Of Switched Reluctance Motors Based On Ditc And Wavelet Neural Network, Ameer L. Saleh, László Számel

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) have been considered a high-performance and environmentally friendly solution for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications owing to their simpler construction, robust design, and high efficiency. However, it suffers from high torque ripple and acoustic noise due to its highly nonlinear magnetic characteristics and double-salient structure.  This paper introduces a nonlinear torque control based on the Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) scheme and a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN)  to achieve better dynamic response and mitigate torque ripple.  The proposed WNN is employed as a nonlinear torque controller, inserted between the torque error and the hysteresis torque controller within …

State-Dependent Queueing For Adaptive Signal Control: A Simulation-Based Performance Evaluation, Shaimaa Alseddiek, Usama Elrawy Shahdah, Hala B. Nafea, Hossam El-Din Moustafa, El-Said Ahmed Marzouk, Mohamed M. Ashour

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Urban traffic congestion persists as a critical challenge to transportation system efficiency, sustainability, and safety. Traditional queuing models utilizing fixed service rates inadequately represent the dynamic feedback between congestion and capacity in real vehicular flow. State-Dependent Queuing Models (SDQMs) address this limitation by modelling service rate as a function of queue length or density. This research advances SDQM application for adaptive traffic signal control through development of a calibrated state-dependent departure rate implemented within a microscopic simulation environment using SUMO and TraCI. Six control strategies including fixed-time, actuated, and two SDQM variants were evaluated across traffic demands ranging from undersaturated …

So, You Wanna Be A Vaquero, Manuel F. Medrano

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dampak Peraturan Daerah Terkait Kesehatan Terhadap Prevalensi Stunting Tingkat Kabupaten/Kota Di Indonesia, Cakra Yudi Putra, Teguh Dartanto

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia with long-term impacts on health, cognition, and productivity. This study examines whether health-related regional regulations (Peraturan Daerah or Perda) reduce stunting prevalence across 338 districts/municipalities in 2007 and 2013. Using Difference-in-Differences (DiD) and DiD with Propensity Score Matching (DiD-PSM) on secondary data from Riskesdas, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and the Legal Documentation and Information Network (JDIH), we find no statistically significant causal effect of cumulative health Perda on stunting reduction, although OLS shows a negative association. Sanitation significantly reduces stunting in eastern Indonesia. Findings highlight the need for evidence-based, multisectoral, measurable, implementable, …

First Report Of A Trematode Infection In An Invasive Population Of Pomacea Maculata: Evidence Of A Phaneropsolid (Trematoda: Microphalloidea) And Recommended Methods For Surveillance, Jonah A. Nguyen, Lori Tolley-Jordan, Annie P. Slayton, Bradley M. Richardson, Thomas G. Rosser

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Giant apple snails, Pomacea maculata (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae), are native to South America but are now invasively established in subtropical freshwater habitats worldwide. In May 2017, P. maculata from an urban pond in Mobile, Alabama, USA were found infected with a larval trematode, prompting further collections to determine prevalence and investigate effects of infection by snail sex and size. In total, 284 snails (n = 184 female, n = 100 male) were collected in May, August, and October of 2017 and 2018. Of these, 60 females and 23 males were infected with prevalence per sampling event ranging from 4 to …

A User-Friendly Graphical User Interface For Paw Touch Classification In Rodent Cylinder Testing, Tyler R Johnson, Katherine D Zerefos, Dawn M Taylor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In unilateral rodent models of disease or injury, deficits are induced in only one side of the body, allowing the difference in right versus left limb usage to serve as a metric of disease/injury severity and recovery with various treatments. Unilateral rat models are commonly used for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (via the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA), stroke, and traumatic brain injury, as well as cervical spinal cord injury and peripheral nerve damage. The ‘cylinder test’ has been used for over two decades as a reliable metric of asymmetry in forelimb usage. In this test, videos are taken of the …

Rewiring The Immune Response In Lung Cancer: Current Progress In Bispecific Antibodies, Car-T Therapy, And The Rise Of In Vivo Car-T Platforms, Lei He, Yi Sun, Bowen Ma, Guojun Lang, Jianguo Wen, George R Blumenschein, Hong Ma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and continues to impose a major clinical burden, particularly in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although targeted therapies, antiangiogenic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates have improved outcomes in selected patients, durable responses remain limited by primary and acquired resistance. Here, we comprehensively review recent progress in immunologically oriented therapeutic strategies for lung cancer, focusing on bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and emerging in vivo CAR-engineering modalities. We further elaborate on the clinical rationale, latest translational and early clinical evidence, …

Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Sex Differences, Afzal Misrani, Conelius Ngwa, Fudong Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, accounts for 70% of cases and remains a major healthcare challenge due to its rising prevalence and lack of disease-modifying treatments. Clinically, AD is a sexually dimorphic disease. Women exhibit more rapid cognitive decline and accelerated brain atrophy during mild cognitive impairment and early dementia, whereas men more frequently present cardiovascular comorbidities, earlier mitochondrial dysfunction, and greater neuropsychiatric symptoms. AD is marked by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss, with mitochondrial dysfunction emerging as a key early contributor that exhibits sex specific phenotypes. Mitochondria are vital for neuronal …

Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis Of Blood Microrna-7-5p As A Possible Progression Biomarker In People With Parkinson’S Disease, Shayan Abdollah Zadegan, Corrine Hutchinson, Chiamaka Onuigbo, Juan D Martinez-Lemus, Laura Talbot, E Jeffrey Metter, Marie-Francoise Doursout, Emily Tharp, Jessika Suescun, Mohammad Shahnawaz, Timothy M Ellmore, Mya Schiess, Christopher Adams

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: MicroRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p) may play a neuroprotective role in people with Parkinson's disease (PwP), as it has been found to regulate α-synuclein (α-syn) and the NLRP3 inflammasome in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the use of miR-7-5p as a potential biomarker for disease progression in PwP by correlating it with time, clinical measures, and neurofilament light chain (NfL).

Methods: We performed a longitudinal retrospective analysis of blood miR-7-5p levels in 303 de novo PwP and 159 healthy controls (HCs) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. In PwP, a linear mixed-effects …

Glaucoma Risk With Metformin And Sulfonylurea Therapies In Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study., Jared Lim, Jingru Zhou, Hulin Wu, Ziqi Liu, David A Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Research on metformin, sulfonylureas, and open-angle glaucoma risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has yielded inconsistent findings. This study examined associations between hypoglycemic treatments and glaucoma diagnosis rates.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic health records of newly diagnosed T2DM patients from the Merative™ Explorys® Therapeutic Dataset (2010-2022), comparing three groups: metformin monotherapy, sulfonylureas plus metformin combination, and untreated controls. Propensity score matching balanced demographics, glycemic control, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid levels, and comorbidities. Cox proportional hazards models calculated adjusted hazard ratios for incident glaucoma.

Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching, metformin monotherapy (N=100,387) showed …

Peripheral Cd200r Signaling: A Critical Regulator Of Post-Stroke Inflammation In Aged Mice, Conelius Ngwa, Afzal Misrani, Yan Xu, Jingjing Wang, Rodney Ritzel, Fudong Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The immune responses to ischemic stroke are subjected to endogenous inhibitory pathways that delimitate the post-stroke inflammation. Among them, the interaction between CD200 and its receptor (CD200R) is increasingly recognized for its role in regulating neuroinflammation across various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In the present study, we have examined the role of central (brain) vs. peripheral CD200R signaling in acute ischemic stroke using aged bone marrow chimeric (BMC) mice (16-19 months old). These chimeras were generated by transplanting bone marrow from CD200R knockout (KO), green fluorescent protein (GFP), or wild-type (WT) donor mice into irradiated recipient mice, and then …

Contemporary Opportunities And Potential Of Auger Electron-Emitting Theranostics, Seok-Yong Lee, H Charles Manning

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recent breakthroughs in radiopharmaceutical (RP) therapy have emerged interest in employing Auger electron (AE)-emitting radionuclides as potential agents for precise theranostics. AE provides energy with exceptional localization due to their short tissue penetration range (TPR, < 10 nm), rendering them particularly effective for targeting nuclear DNA in tumor cells. In this context, AE-emitting radionuclide therapy (AE-emitting RLT) enables the targeted destruction of tumor cells while reducing harm to adjacent healthy tissue, a significant challenge in this field. Preclinical and early clinical investigations reveal the efficacy of AE-emitting RLTs in the theranostics of diverse malignancies, such as glioblastoma, prostate cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. Notwithstanding these developments, challenges and limitations persist regarding dosimetry, delivery efficiency, and the treatment of radiotoxicity. A new paradigm is being developed to tackle the obstacles encountered by integrating molecular target markers (e.g., PARP) that function near the nucleus to improve the intranuclear delivery efficiency of AE-emitting radionuclides. Novel radiochemical methods such as these have facilitated the more stable and efficient labeling of biomolecules with AE-emitting radionuclides. Also, recent advances in DNA-molecular targeting, nanoparticles, nucleic acid/protein engineering, click- or bioorthogonal conjugation chemistry, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based structure modeling present concrete opportunities to overcome these limitations. Moreover, the integration of diagnostic imaging companion platforms employing theranostic radioisotope pairings facilitates real-time assessment of therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution, resulting in the formulation of enhanced treatment regimens. This review summarizes the prior development, recent advancements, barriers in clinical implementation, and future perspective of AE-emitting RLTs.

Nsd2 Inhibitors Rewire Chromatin To Treat Lung And Pancreatic Cancers, Jinho Jeong, Simone Hausmann, Hanyang Dong, Kacper Szczepski, Natasha M Flores, Andy Garcia Gonzalez, Liyang Shi, Xiaoyin Lu, Joanna Lempiäinen, Moritz Jakab, Liyong Zeng, Tourkian Chasan, Eric Bareke, Rui Dong, Emma Carlson, Reinnier Padilla, Dylan Husmann, Julia Thompson, Gerry A Shipman, Emily Zahn, Courtney A Barnes, Laiba F Khan, Liz Marie Albertorio-Sáez, Eva Brill, Vishnu Udayakumar Sunita Kumary, Matthew R Marunde, Danielle N Maryanski, Cheryl C Szany, Bryan J Venters, Carolina Lin Windham, Michal Eligiusz Nowakowski, Iwona Czaban, Mariusz Jaremko, Michael-Christopher Keogh, Kang Le, Michael J Soth, Benjamin A Garcia, Łukasz Jaremko, Jacek Majewski, Pawel K Mazur, Or Gozani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

NSD2 catalyses the epigenetic modification H3K36me2 (refs. 1,2) and is a candidate convergent downstream effector of oncogenic signalling in diverse malignancies3–5. However, it remains unclear whether the enzymatic activity of NSD2 is therapeutically targetable. Here we characterize a series of clinical-grade small-molecule catalytic NSD2 inhibitors (NSD2i) and show that the pharmacological targeting of NSD2 constitutes an epigenetic dependency with broad therapeutic efficacy in KRAS-driven preclinical cancer models. NSD2i inhibits NSD2 with single-digit nanomolar half-maximal inhibitory concentration potency and high selectivity over related methyltransferases. Structural analyses reveal that the specificity of NSD2i for NSD2 …

Proliferation And Apoptosis Adaptor Protein 15 (Pea15), A Potential Oncogenic Regulator Of Vhl And Hif1a Identified Through Proteomic Analysis In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Yun Seong Jeong, Ji-Hyun Shin, Soo Mi Kim, Bo Hwa Sohn, Sun Young Yim, Ji Hoon Kim, Jae Jun Shim, Sung Hwan Lee, Yun Shin Chun, Sunyoung S Lee, Hui Dai, Ahmed Kaseb, Koo Jeong Kang, Holger K Eltzschig, A Robert Macleod, Xiaolin Luo, Alexey Revenko, Youngsoo Kim, Ju-Seog Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Hyperglycemia In Combination With Excess Fat Intake Promotes Renal Pyroptosis And Fibrosis Through Gα12-Dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Muhammad Sohaib Khan, Boram Kim, Yerim Jeon, Jihoon Tak, Yun Seok Kim, Sang Gil Lee, Eun Byul Lee, Chang-Hoon Lee, Cheol Bin Eom, Hyun Sook Lee, Hyeon-Ki Jang, Nakyeom Lee, Jeong Hae Kie, Jee Myung Yang, Yoon Mee Yang, Sang Geon Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Chronic exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs) and glucose may disrupt metabolic homeostasis and initiate pathological processes. This study investigated the effects of hyperglycemia and fat overload on renal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pyroptosis and fibrogenesis in mice and the underlying basis. We hypothesized that the combined insult would more severely induce Gα12-dependent ER stress and renal complications.

Methods: Mice were subjected to either high fat diet (HFD)+streptozotocin (STZ), or STZ treatment, and AZ2 was used as an anti-diabetic agent. Blood sera were used for blood biochemistry, and tissues were employed for RNA sequencing, immunoblottings, TEM, histology and immunohistochemistry. …

Remission Of Recalcitrant Pyoderma Gangrenosum Following Chemotherapy For Iatrogenic Kaposi Sarcoma, Noel X Yang, T Austin Black, Adan A Rios, Megan N Rogge

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Modeling Predicts Novel Mechanisms Of Stream Confinement From Trail/Colec12/Dan In The Collective Migration Of Cranial Neural Crest Cells., Samuel W S Johnson, Paul M. Kulesa, Ruth E. Baker, Philip K. Maini

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: In vertebrate embryogenesis, cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) migrate along discrete pathways. Analyses in the chick have identified key molecular candidates for the confinement of CNCC migration to stereotypical pathways as Colec12, Trail, and Dan. The effects of these factors on CNCCs in vitro are known, but how they confine migration to discrete streams in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we propose and test several hypothetical mechanisms by which these factors confine cell streams and maintain coherent migration, simulating an expanded agent-based model for collective CNCC migration.

RESULTS: Model simulations suggest that Trail enhances adhesion between CNCCs, facilitating movement …

Freeze-Dried, Not Frozen: Lyophilized Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles And Therapeutic Function In Neuroinflammatory Models, Janet R Ashley, Aidan M Collier, Scott D Olson, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a promising acellular therapy for immune modulation, but clinical translation is hindered by variability and storage constraints. Lyophilization (freeze-drying) could enable shelf-stable EV therapeutics, although its effects on biological activity remain incompletely defined.

Study design: We compared the immunomodulatory effects of frozen and lyophilized EVs from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AD), and umbilical cord (UC) MSCs using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rodent splenocytes and microglial models and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Variables included batch scale (small vs large), cytokine priming, and MSC source. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion was measured …

South Asian Nutrition Guide For Heart Health: A Practical Guide To Sodium, Saturated Fat, Packaged Foods, Recipes And Meal Planning, Ashwini Wagle

Open Educational Resources

South Asians, including people with ancestry from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives, have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes than many other populations. They often develop heart disease at younger ages and sometimes at lower body weights. (Jose, 2024; Patel et al., 2021; Volgman et al., 2018).

This increased risk is not caused by a single factor. Evidence points to a combination of inherited, metabolic, lifestyle, and social influences. Common contributors include insulin resistance, abdominal or visceral fat, type 2 diabetes, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, elevated lipoprotein(a), family history, stress, migration-related changes …

Digital Communication Strategies For Culinary Medicine In Cancer Prevention And Survivorship: Information-Seeking Habits And Content Preferences Of Online Cooking Media Among Adults Participating In Four Cancer Prevention And Control Cohort Studies, Margaret Raber, Sara Fares, Maria Vazquez, Larkin Strong, Carrie Daniel-Macdougall, Lorna Mcneill, Karen Basen-Engquist

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction

Poor diet and excess weight have been linked to increased risk for at least 13 types of cancer. Culinary medicine utilizes experiential cooking skill development to improve individuals’ capacity for healthy eating. Digital communication strategies offer pathways for scalable culinary medicine interventions, but little research has explored how online cooking tools could be leveraged for cancer prevention messaging. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study exploring online cooking information-seeking habits and content preferences among participants in four cancer prevention and control cohorts to inform future digital culinary medicine interventions.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with a convenience sample …

T Cells Modulate The Development And Maintenance Of Painful Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy In Rnu Rats, Ahmed Olalekan Bakare, Gerard Limerick, Vasudha Goel, Ratan K Banik, Lei Zheng, Andrew J Shepherd, Kristine Glunde, Qin Zheng, Eellan Sivanesan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The role of T cells in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is complex and shaped by biological and experimental factors, including sex, hormonal status, genetic background, and cancer model. This complexity has contributed to inconsistent findings among studies, limiting therapeutic progress. In this study, we investigate how T cells contribute to painful paclitaxel (PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Adult male T cell-competent (RNU+/−) and T cell-deficient (RNU−/−) rats were subcutaneously inoculated with tumor cells and subsequently treated with intraperitoneal PTX (8 mg/kg total dose). Reflexive (mechanical, heat, cold) and non-reflexive (burrowing, gait) pain behaviors were assessed from baseline through week 6. Immunohistochemistry …

The Lysine Demethylase Kdm4c Is An Oncogenic Driver And Regulates Erk Activity In Kras-Mutant Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Menna-T-Allah Shaheen, Sarah Dhebat, Kimal I Rajapakshe, Bidyut Ghosh, Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan, Shariq S Ansari, Cara L Haymaker, Dorsay Sadeghian, Huamin Wang, Ching-Fei Li, Haoqiang Ying, Anirban Maitra

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Deregulation of proteins involved in chromatin regulation is common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Lysine demethylase 4C (KDM4C) is one of the chromatin-modifying proteins frequently overexpressed across multiple solid cancers and is linked to chromatin instability, increased cell proliferation, and enhanced stem cell–like behavior. We observed upregulation of KDM4C protein in a panel of human PDAC cell lines and patient samples compared with nonneoplastic controls. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of KDM4C in human and murine PDAC cells reduced proliferation, clonogenicity, and increased survival of orthotopically implanted murine PDAC allografts. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that loss of KDM4C in both human and …

Preliminary Examination Of Orexin Receptor Antagonism With Suvorexant In Individuals With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Case Series Study, Heather Webber, Jessica Badawi, Douglas Calvillo, Jin Yoon, Michael Weaver, Scott Lane, Joy Schmitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Prickle4 Drives Microenvironmental Remodeling And Resistance To Parp Inhibition In Idh-Mutant Glioma, Ju Yang, Hua Yang, Yifan Yuan, Chenyang Zhang, Ziwei Fu, Yanyan Chen, Yinghong Xiong, Shuyu Chen, Kexin Ling, Ying Liu, Jason T Huse, Bo Chen, Timothy A Chan, Zengxin Qi, Zhao Zhang, Xiuping Liu, Yuxiang Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes sensitize gliomas to PARP inhibition (PARPi) by inducing epigenetic reprogramming of DNA damage repair circuits. However, tumors treated with PARPi eventually relapse despite initial responsiveness. In this study, it is demonstrated that the anti-angiogenic agent lenvatinib synergizes effectively with PARPi, resulting in substantial tumor regression and significantly extended survival. Genomic analysis of tumors reveals that PARPi induces widespread transcriptomic changes that are predominantly pro-inflammatory, thereby promoting tumor angiogenesis. Prickle4, a planar cell polarity protein, is identified as a critical mediator of PARPi-induced neovascularization. Targeting Prickle4 effectively overcomes PARPi resistance in these tumors. Collectively, these …

A Gut-Activated Nhr-86-Cyp Pathway Mediates The Neuroprotective Effects Of Enterococcus Faecium Probiotics In A Nematode Model Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Yu Sang, Jie Ren, Alejandro Aballay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with oxidative stress, and while probiotics may influence neuronal health, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using the sod-1 A4VM amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model in Caenorhabditis elegans, we investigated the protective effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. Animals fed E. faecium showed reduced motor neuron degeneration under oxidative stress compared to those maintained on a standard Escherichia coli diet. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant enrichment of oxidoreductase genes, including cytochrome P450 (cyp) genes. RNAi-mediated knockdown of cyp genes impaired E. faecium-mediated neuroprotection, and this loss correlated with increased reactive oxygen …

Endogenous Processes Underlying Clock-Like Mutational Signatures, Teresa Druck, Rami I Aqeilan, C Marcelo Aldaz, Nicola Zanesi, Kay Huebner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Wellcome Trust scientists have shown that “mutational signatures” in specific nucleotide contexts accumulate in genomes of mammalian tissues, providing clues to underlying causes of specific signatures. Analysis of cancer genomes has identified more than 50 single‐base substitution (SBS) signatures, with SBS1, SBS5, and SBS40 linked to aging and present in normal tissues. SBS1 results from cytosine demethylation, whereas SBS5 and SBS40 arise from unknown endogenous mechanisms. We hypothesized that loss of fragile‐site genes drives these two signatures. FHIT, located at FRA3B, is frequently deleted in cancers, and Fhit‐deficient mouse tissues exhibit a mutation profile resembling human SBS5. Data mining of …

Preclinical Ischemic Stroke Multicenter Trials (Prism) Collective Statement: Opportunities, Challenges, And Recommendations For A New Era, Cenk Ayata, Philip M Bath, Anna M Planas, Stuart M Allan, Johannes Boltze, Ryan P Cabeen, Claire L Gibson, Marilyn J Cipolla, Marcio A Diniz, Stefano Fumagalli, Fahmeed Hyder, Raymond C Koehler, Arthur Liesz, Sarah K Mccann, Tim Magnus, Louise D Mccullough, Emily S Sena, Simone Beretta, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Francesca Bosetti, Clinton B Wright, Patrick D Lyden, Lauren H Sansing

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Preclinical stroke research faces a critical translational gap, with animal studies failing to reliably predict clinical efficacy. To address this, the field is moving toward rigorous, multicenter preclinical randomized controlled trials (mpRCTs) that mimic phase 3 clinical trials in several key components. This collective statement, derived from experts involved in mpRCTs, outlines considerations for designing and executing such trials. mpRCTs offer advantages such as increased sample sizes, robust statistical design, incorporation of heterogeneity, and standardized protocols, but they face challenges in finding the right balance between standardization and heterogeneity, appropriate stroke model selection, and outcome measures, as well as the …

Intratumoral Bacteria Are Immunosuppressive And Promote Immunotherapy Resistance In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Natalie L Silver, Jin Dai, Travis D Kerr, Jessica Altemus, Rekha Garg, Hannah Simmons, Tyler Alban, Laura Noel-Romas, Vladimir Makarov, David J H Shih, Shwetha V Kumar, Akeem Santos, Rehan Akbani, Adam Burgener, Mohammed Dwidar, Neil Gross, Andrew G Sikora, Elias J Sayour, Apollo Stacy, Christian Jobin, Timothy A Chan, Renata Ferrarotto, Daniel J Mcgrail

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite the promise of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), mediators of response are poorly understood. To address this, here we analyzed oropharyngeal HNSCCs treated with neoadjuvant durvalumab (anti-PDL1) alone or in combination with tremelimumab (anti-CTLA4) from the CIAO clinical trial ( NCT03144778 ). We found that only the total abundance of intratumoral bacteria predicted ICB response, which was validated in multiple independent cohorts. High intratumoral bacteria abundance was associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, characterized by an accumulation of neutrophils coupled with depletion of T cells and other adaptive immune cells. Experimental elevation …

Effects Of Biochar And Its Combination With Poultry Manure On Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Growth, And Yield Of Maize Under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels, Charles Lwanga Twagiramungu, Bobe Bedadi, Claver Ngaboyisonga, Concorde Nsengumuremyi, David Fangueiro

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

The effects of biochar, its combination with poultry manure with different nitrogen (N) levels on maize production on the Andosol and Nitisol was studied. Treatments were factorial combinations of three organic amendments (OA) (biochar - B, poultry manure - PM and B co-composted with PM - BPM) as main-plot factor and four N levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) as sub-plot factor, laid out as split-plot design and replicated thrice at two sites: Kinigi with Andosol and Rwerere with Nitisol. At both sites, there was general increase in maize total N uptake, aboveground biomass (AGB) and grain yield …

Provoking Generative Ai Futures: Merging Theory And Praxis, Regina M. Luttrell Ph.D., Nick Bowman

Media Studies - All Scholarship

An accessible exploration of the myriad applications and challenges of generative AI for media and communication students, scholars, and practitioners alike.

The latest emergence of increasingly low-cost and scalable AI technologies presents a point of both celebration and concern for the contemporary media and information ecosystem. To this end, this edited volume gathers media and communications scholars and practitioners to engage in discussions and exchange ideas about current trends and developments in the field. Questions this volume asks include: What are the essentials of generative AI from a media and communication perspective? How has generative AI influenced research and scholarship? …