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Life Cycle Costing Of Energy Systems, William R. Baker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Determination of true costs of ownership and the proper evaluation of savings are extremely important with regard to the purchase of energy efficient systems. It is the purpose of the following paper to discuss the application of the life cycle costing process as applied to the evaluation of capital expenditures.

Regulatory Effectiveness In The Electric Utility Industry: An Empirical Analysis, Michael A. Zimmer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An established result in the theory of the regulated firm is that an effective rate-of-return constraint induces the firm to employ larger proportions of capital inputs to noncapital inputs than would be the case in the absence of the regulatory constraint. This overcapitalization, often referred to as the Averch-Johnson effect, has been the subject of several recent empirical studies of the electric utility industry. The present study adds to this body of literature. It seeks to test for the effectiveness of utility regulation in the context of a cost minimization model which includes the allowed rate of return as an …

Economic Optimization Of Heatpump Assisted Solar Heating In Illinois, Ali Shams, Edward A. Mass

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study undertakes the task of determing the optimal mix of solar and heat pump forms of heating. By installing a solar heating system a homeowner is considered to be an energy producer and thus to apply the least cost methods used by firms in the competitive market for any given level of fuel conservation. The study will examine the simulated performances of air and liquid circulating systems in conjunction with heat pumps, in parallel as well as combined fashion. Optimization is achieved by equating the present value of the cost of solar and heat pump heating systems at margin.

Attainability And Nonattainability Under Anti-Pollution Laws, J. David Reed, John H. Hoag

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The central issue with which this paper deals is the effectiveness of alternative air pollution control standards presently in use in the United States. More specifically, an analysis and comparison of effluent air standards versus ambient air standards will be performed. The question of effectiveness will be in the context of how well the alternative pollution control measures achieve society's expectations as goals when the standards are imposed. Society's views are assumed to be reflected through a regional (state) planner. The analysis is performed through the use of optimal control techniques. Initially the effluent air standards model will be examined. …

4th Annual Umr-Dnr Conference On Energy -- Entire Proceedings, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

Reducing Electrical Power Demand For Industries, Burns E. Hegler, J. Byron Nelson, Rene O. Harrell

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A typical industry has an electric power demand that is in excess of its needs. This condition places an unnecessary burden upon the industry and contributes to the current energy crisis. Reduction of demand may be accomplished by a number of methods of control that are examined and evaluated. Standard techniques of engineering analyses and engineering economy have been used to study and analyze an industry selected as an example.

An Annotated Bibliography Of Ocs Documents In Maine, Maine State Planning Office

Maine Collection

An Annotated Bibliography of OCS Documents in Maine

Outer Continental Shelf Memorandum 1

Compiled by Edward H. Shenton & Charles S. Colgan

Maine Coastal Program, Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, Maine, 1977.

Contents: 1. Introduction / 2. OCS - General / 3. OCS - Federal Regulations / 4. Economic Aspects / 5. Environmental Studies / 6. Oil Spills - Effects and Studies / 7. Onshore Effects / 8. The North Sea Experience / 9. Legal Aspects / 10. Petroleum Drilling Technology

Reliability Of Mos Devices : Threshold Voltage Instability, Sesha Rajamani Shankar

Dissertations

A very important factor in the reliability of MOS devices is the stability of the threshold voltage. This dissertation examines the effects of positive and negative gate bias stresses at elevated temperatures on the drift in the threshold voltage of MOS field effect transistors.

Over 400 p-channel enhancement mode devices were life tested under different temperature and gate bias conditions for periods of up to 15,000 hours, and the drift in their threshold voltages studied and analyzed. It was found that under both negative and positive bias-temperature tests, the threshold voltage drifted towards more negative values, though in the negative …

Single-Element Rotating-Polarizer Ellipsometer For Film-Substrate Systems, A.-R. M. Zaghloul, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

A novel and very simple ellipsometer for the characterization of film-substrate systems that employs one rotating optical element (a polarizer) is proposed. The ellipsometer is based on detecting the angles of incidence at which a film-substrate system has equal amplitude attenuations for light polarized parallel (p) and perpendicular (s) to the plane of incidence. At a certain wavelength, the film thickness of the filmsubstrate system has to lie within permissible-thickness bands (PTB) for the technique to apply.

Error Codes In Digital Data Communication Systems, Robert Hadley Cravens

Dissertations and Theses

Today’s digital communication systems perform data transfers at the rate of millions of bits per minute, with data errors in the order of 1/6th error per day. This magnitude of errorless communication is now possible because of sophisticated error correcting codes. Many types of error codes are employed today in three distinct areas of digital data communication: human to computer; data source to computer; computer to computer; and intra-computer; we are concerned here with intra-computer communication.

This research is primarily a mathematical study of error codes in general to explore the possibilities of each major type for the purpose of …

Study Of A Thin Wire Monopole Antenna Mounted On A Finite Cone, Fwu-Jih Hsu

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Theoretical and numerical considerations of the boundary value problem involving radiation from a monopole thin wire antenna mounted on a finite cone are investigated. The problem is handled in a generalized format using Green's dyadic functions which are appropriate to the geometry of the system. The methodology of handling numerical sets of integer order, as well as real order, orthonormal eigenfunctions is developed with particular emphasis on the rapid convergence in order to be acceptable with available computer facilities. The truncation error involved in such problems is checked by observing the continuity conditions, and a parametric study then follows. Agreement …

Sio2-Si Film-Substrate Reflection Polarizers For Different Mercury Spectral Lines, A.-R. M. Zaghloul, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dynamics Of The Glucose-Insulin-Glucagon System, Joseph P. Hartmann

Theses

A computer model for the Dynamics of the Glucose-Insulin-Glucagon System has been developed for a 17.5 kg canine using the Continuous Systems Modeling Program (CSMP) for the 360 Computer System. The major body components controlling the glucose dynamics (liver, pancreas, body muscle, blood flow, and body fluid compartments) have been modeled in terms of either their production, absorption, or transport of glucose, and the concentration levels of both the hormones and substrates perfusing the body component. A set of mneumonics has also been developed to label the hundreds of constant and variable terms required to describe a complex system of …

Single Particle Scattering With Focused Laser Beams, Lee W. Casperson, Cavour W. Yeh

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A scattering technique is described in which the incident laser beam is tightly focused to isolate the effects of a single particle. In this way the individual particles may be studied in their natural environment, and experiments with latex spheres are in agreement with the theory.

Precise Frequency Control Of The Voltage Controlled Oscillator Using Finite Digital Word Lengths, Timothy Peter Hulick

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

For an oscillator that is periodically swept in frequency between some upper and lower bound, the output amplitude may easily be made constant and therefore known with a high degree of certainty. The instantaneous frequency exists only at a point in time and therefore possesses a zero probability of existing at any point. This thesis deals with the development of a method for interchanging the probability density functions of amplitude and frequency so that the latter becomes known with certainty while the former is known only to the extent that it is within a certain range.

The method developed makes …

Signal Processing For The Multistate Myoelectric Channel, Philip A. Parker, John A. Stuller, R. N. Scott

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the Multistate Myoelectric Channel, a Single Myoelectric Signal Source is Used to Control a Multifunction Powered Prosthesis. the Selection of a Prosthesis Auction Requires a Receiver to Process the Myoelectric Signal, Contaminated with Noise, and to Decide on the Basis of the Received Signal Which Function is Desired. Thus, the Channel Dearly Presents a Problem of Choice of Receiver and of Decision Strategy. Previous Solutions to This Problem Have Been Basically Empirical. in This Paper We Seek the Optimum Receiver Where Optimum is in the Minimum Probability of Error Sense. First a Model is Developed for the Bipolar Myoelectric …

Threshold Characteristics Of Mirrorless Lasers, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detailed analytical expressions are developed for the output power and spectral characteristics of high‐gain mirrorless laser amplifiers. With regard to intensity variations and spectral narrowing, such lasers are similar in behavior to conventional laser oscillators. A threshold transition region is apparent as saturation sets in, and spectral rebroadening occurs in inhomogeneously broadened laser systems. These solutions take full account of saturation by both the right and left propagating radiation, and the results agree with experiments that have been reported.

Beam Modes In Complex Lenslike Media And Resonators, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

General sets of higher-order beam modes are derived for light propagation in media having spatial variations of the gain or loss. The resulting expressions are also valid for propagation through conventional optical elements and graded transmission filters. The four basic mode sets obtained include off-axis Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian modes of both real and complex argument. A procedure is developed for finding the resonant modes of laser oscillators containing arbitrary complex lens elements, and the mode stability properties of lasers can be interpreted physically by means of these formulas.

Optimal Fuel Supply Control For Electrical Energy Systems -- A Real Time Computer Technique, J. Derald Morgan, Richard Thomas Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The techniques of linear-integer programming are applied to the problem of supplying coal to power plants. A heuristic technique for optimizing the supply of coal to power companies is created. The optimization minimizes the purchase, transportation, and demurrage costs of coal subject to power system operations, power plant demands, coal purchase supply, power plant coal handling operations, and transport options. A procedure for calculation and analysis of cost sensitivity of optimal solutions to input data perturbations is presented which utilizes the optimizing technique.

The nature of the constraint set developed allows for the inclusion of loading and unloading operations in …

Analytic Modeling Of Gain‐Switched Lasers. I. Laser Oscillators, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detailed mathematical models are derived for the evolution of light pulses in gain‐switched laser oscillators. Unlike previous instantaneous‐switching models, arbitrary pump and spontaneous relaxation rates are considered. Explicit expressions are obtained for the gain and pulse characteristics in several practical situations, and both homogeneous and inhomogeneous limits are considered. By proper adjustment of the laser pump any output‐pulse shape can be obtained. The results are especially relevant for recent short‐pulse ultraviolet lasers and also for more conventional devices such as TEA CO₂ lasers.

Analytic Modeling Of Gain‐Switched Lasers. Ii. Laser Amplifiers, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The pulse transfer characteristics of gain‐switched laser amplifiers are investigated analytically. New closed‐form solutions have been obtained including arbitrary space‐ and time‐dependent pump distributions. The general results are specialzied to the important cases of uniform and traveling‐wave excitation. Input‐pulse shapes considered include step functions, practial oscillator output pulses, and also the inherent spontaneous‐emission noise. The results lead to improved models for pulse amplifiers and mirrorless traveling‐wave lasers. By proper choice of pump characteristics arbitrary output‐pulse waveforms can be synthesized.

Application Of Multilevel Control Techniques To Classes Of Distributed Parameter Plants, Frederick Donald Chichester

Dissertations

This study concerns the application of a combination of multilevel hierarchical systems analysis techniques and Pontryagin's minimum principle (multilevel control) to the problem of controlling optimally two classes of dynamic distributed parameter plants representing concentrations balances in streams, rivers and estuaries. The concentrations treated in this study are those deemed the most effective indicators of water quality, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

One class of plants treated in this study consists of linear continuous distributed parameter plants represented mathematically by sets of simultaneous partial differential equations. Optimal control of a plant of this class is initiated by …

Frequency-Mixing Detection (Fmd) Of Polarization-Modulated Light, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

When a light beam whose polarization and intensity are weakly modulated at a frequency ω_m passes through a periodic analyzer of frequency ω_a(<ω_m) and the transmitted flux is linearly detected, the resulting total signal S_t consists of two components: (i) a periodic baseband signal S_bb with harmonics of frequencies nω_a (n = 0,1,2,…) and (ii) an amplitude-modulated-carrier signal δS_mc with center (carrier) frequency ω_m and sideband frequencies at ω_m ± nω_a(n = 1,2,…). In this paper we show that the average polarization of the beam is determined …

Modulated Generalized Ellipsometry, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We extend ellipsometry to the direct measurement of small perturbations of the Jones matrix of any linear nondepolarizing optical sample (system) subjected to a modulating stimulus such as temperature, stress, or electric or magnetic field. The methodology of this technique, to be called Modulated Generalized Ellipsometry (MGE), is presented. First an ellipsometer with arbitrary polarizing and analyzing optics is assumed, and subsequently the discussion is specialized to a conventional ellipsometer having either the polarizer-sample-analyzer (PSA) or the polarizer-compensator-sample-analyzer (PCSA) arrangement. MGE provides the tool for the systematic study of thermo-optical, piezo-optical, electro-optical, magneto-optical, and other allied effects for both isotropic …

Investigation And Optimum Design Of The Generalized Second-Order Phase-Locked Loop, William Allen Novick

Dissertations

In this dissertation, a second-order phase-locked loop (PLL) in which the loop filter contains complex zeros is investigated in both its linear and nonlinear modes of operation; prior designs used a filter containing a simple zero on the negative real axis. This "generalized" second-order PLL had been heretofore essentially unexplored.

The basic characteristics of the generalized second-order PLL operating in the linear mode including the open and closed-loop responses and the corresponding root locus were generated and compared against those of the conventional second-order PLL. As in the conventional case, the generalized second-order PLL is found to be unconditionally stable. …

Wind-Powered Hydrogen Electric Systems For Farm And Rural Use, Final Report, United States Department Of Energy

Agriculture

The objective of this study has been to determine the current technology of a wind-energy conversion system (WECS) of minimal cost for rural applications. Specifically, IGT has evaluated available methods for converting shaft horse-power from a wind turbine to electricity and hydrogen. A workable mix of these two energy forms with storage that can support the energy needs of selected farming operations and the rural home was sought.

Energy load patterns of several farming operations were examined for interfacing with the energy storage and delivery systems that are supplied by wind turbines dependent on the prevalent winds. Several preliminary designs …

An Efficient Dft Algorithm Using The Walsh Transform, Albert P. Gerheim

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The matrix transformation relating the sequency and frequency domains is derived. It is shown that these­ frequency-to-frequency conversion can be performed via a computationally efficient sparse matrix algorithm. The sequency-to-frequency algorithm can be used with a fast Hadamard transform to implement a discrete Fourier trans­ form. The efficiencies of this combined algorithm and a radix-two fast Fourier transform are compared.

The algorithm is applied to the sequency domain de­ sign of a Wiener digital filter. Improved computational efficiencies are achieved relative to the procedure de­veloped by Kahveci and Hall (9).

3rd Annual Umr-Mec Conference On Energy -- Entire Proceedings, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

A Suboptimal Control Law To Improve The Transient Stability Of Power Systems, Aditya Kumar, Earl F. Richards

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of optimal control theory to damp the electromechanical oscillations associated with the transient conditions in power systems has been given little attention. A suboptimal control law which minimizes the sum of the performance indices of the two linear systems given by a piecewise linear model of a power system improves the transient stability better than the usual "optimal" control law obtained from a linearized model. Further, the suboptimal control law presented in this paper assures stability of the system for all disturbances resulting in rotor oscillations of magnitudes less than a preselected limit. Copyright © 1976 by The …

A Time-Independent Laser Interferometry System For Measuring Velocities Of Any Relecting Surface, Robert A. Lederer

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The development of the Dual Detector Velocity Inter­ferometer System for Any Reflector (VI SAR) provides an effective instrumentation tool for measurement of specimens moving at high velocities without adding mass or causing extraneous resonances that are commonly encountered in the instrumentation process. The development of this instrument is the logical extension of the basic Velocity Interferometry System developed in 1972. The extension consists of introducing a dual detector system to eliminate ambiguous data, adding digitizers to record data, and adding a data reduction system to interpret the recorded data and recover a time velocity history of the specimen action. In …