Digital Commons Network^™

Arts, Computers And Artificial Intelligence, Sol Neeman Ph.D.

Engineering Studies Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Science and art seem to belong to different cultures. Science and technology, mainly the products of the intellect, use terminology and vocabulary that are concise and well defined. In contrast, in artistic expression, ambiguity is a powerful component. Still the relationship between these two different categories of human activity is interesting and fascinating. In this paper, a general comparison of these two disciplines will be introduced. Then the possibility of mechanical creation of art using computers and artificial intelligence will be discussed. This will be followed by two techniques which are used to create poetry and music. First, a statistical …

Generalized Beam Matrices. Iii. Application To Diffraction Analysis, Lee W. Casperson, Anthony A. Tovar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In analogy with Huygen’s wavelets a new method based on Gaussian beamlets is used to develop a conventional diffraction integral formalism for paraxial optical systems representable by complex 2×2 ABCD Gaussian beam matrices. This method, along with a new phase parameter transformation, is then used to produce a new diffraction integral for studying the propagation of light beams with arbitrary spatial profiles through much more general misaligned complex optical systems representable by 3×3 ABCDGH beam matrices.

Investigation Of Fundamental Emi Source Mechanisms Driving Common-Mode Radiation From Printed Circuit Boards With Attached Cables, David M. Hockanson, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, Fei Sha, Michael J. Wilhelm

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fundamental EMI source mechanisms leading to common-mode radiation from printed circuit boards with attached cables are presented in this paper. Two primary EMI source mechanisms have been identified: one associated with a differential-mode voltage and another associated with a differential-mode current, both of which result in a common-mode current on an attached cable. These mechanisms can be used to relate printed circuit layout geometries to EMI sources. The two mechanisms are demonstrated through numerical and experimental results, and an example from a production printed-circuit design is presented.

Scheduling And Discrete Event Control Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Based On Petri Nets, Huanxin Henry Xiong

Dissertations

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a computerized production system that can simultaneously manufacture multiple types of products using various resources such as robots and multi-purpose machines. The central problems associated with design of flexible manufacturing systems are related to process planning, scheduling, coordination control, and monitoring. Many methods exist for scheduling and control of flexible manufacturing systems, although very few methods have addressed the complexity of whole FMS operations. This thesis presents a Petri net based method for deadlock-free scheduling and discrete event control of flexible manufacturing systems. A significant advantage of Petri net based methods is their powerful …

Novel High-Speed Architecture For Machine Vision Applications, Bassam S. Farroha, Raghvendra G. Deshmukh

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

This paper focuses on producing a state-of-the-art technique for designing an image recognition system for machine vision applications. The motivation behind the new system design is to provide a unique methodology, using strategic design techniques, to implement a system that addresses real-world image recognition applications. The introduction of application-specific, massively parallel array of processors, where low-level processing is accomplished on reconfigurable hardware structures, highlights the scheme. The system was built and simulated on a VLSI chip and results were verified using Electric Rules Check and Harris Timing Analysis examination tools. The system is composed of there functional layers and a …

Adaptive Color Correlation Of Knots In Wood Images And Weighted-Value Product Selection Methods In A Machine Vision System, John Robert Goulding

Dissertations and Theses

The biggest obstacle to robust color image processing of wood is in developing a color model that represents all possible defect colors. When the color model is too general or too specific, defect recognition fails because too many or too few non-defect pixels match the model, respectively. Because a color image of wood contains far more clear and clear-grain colored pixels than grain-knot and knot colored pixels, it is beneficial to first statistically identify and remove the clear and clear-grain colors and to use the accumulated data to simultaneously enhance and normalize the remaining grainknot and knot colored pixels. This …

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Of Exponentials In Unknown Colored Noise For Target In Identification Synthetic Aperture Radar Images, Matthew P. Pepin

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation develops techniques for estimating exponential signals in unknown colored noise. The Maximum Likelihood ML estimators of the exponential parameters are developed. Techniques are developed for one and two dimensional exponentials, for both the deterministic and stochastic ML model. The techniques are applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR data whose point scatterers are modeled as damped exponentials. These estimated scatterer locations exponentials frequencies are potential features for model-based target recognition. The estimators developed in this dissertation may be applied with any parametrically modeled noise having a zero mean and a consistent estimator of the noise covariance matrix. ML techniques …

Study Of Stress In Microelectronic Materials By Photoelasticity, Hancheng Liang

Dissertations

The study of stress is playing an important role in microelectronic technology. In comparison with other techniques, the photoelasticity technique has the advantages of having high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. It can be used in qualitative observation in real-time and quantitative determination of stress distribution in the microelectronic materials and devices.

This dissertation presents a systematic study of photoelastic stress analysis in microelectronic materials and devices, ranged from theoretical study to practical system setup, from measurement methods to their applications. At first, based on the detailed survey on the piezo-optic properties of the crystals used in microelectronics, we apply …

Detecting Stress And Fatigue Cracks, Christian J. Huber, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Discoveries in using open ended rectangular waveguides for microwave surface crack detection and sizing have generated interest. The foundation, potential, advantages and disadvantages of this methodology, developed at the Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory in the Electrical Engineering Department at Colorado State University, are discussed. Microwave techniques in general and this particular approach offer certain unique advantages that can advance the state of the art of fatigue/surface crack detection. The basic features and capabilities of this technique have been theoretically and experimentally investigated these past few years. However, more developmental work is needed to bring this technique from the laboratory …

Resource/Dataflow Graph Operating System Development, Sriram J. Coimbatore

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Implementation of a new dataflow schedule model is the objective of this thesis. The dataflow model algorithm called the resource/dataflow graph model is implemented on a peer-to-peer communication network comprising of six personal computers. This dataflow model is implemented making use of an earlier dataflow model called ATAMM (Algorithm to Architecture Mapping Model) developed by ODU and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Development issues include modification of the RDFG testbed operating system and a scheme to transfer data buffers using the ethernet channel from one processor to another processor. This, in turn, equips each sub-module of an application with …

Monte Carlo Simulations Of Photoemission Characteristics From Gaas And Diamond, Abhishek Srivastava

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Monte Carlo based numerical simulations were performed to study photoemission from GaAs and diamond. The central goal was to assess the potential for NEA photoemission from diamond, and to predict its characteristics. The GaAs material system was also included in the simulation study to provide: (i) calibration and validation of the numerical model developed by carefully matching the simulation results with available experimental data, and (ii) quantitative comparisons between the response characteristics of diamond and the better known GaAs system.

Predictions of the energy distribution, temporal response and angular distribution of emitted electrons were obtained. Effects of various parameters, such …

Nlo Waveguide "And" Switch And Method Therefor, John J. Kester, Iyad A. Dajani, Peter M. Ranon, Thomas G. Alley

AFIT Patents

Method and apparatus are provided for NLO switching by first providing a phase-matched SHG grating which outputs a reinforced SHG beam only when two input beams of frequency (ω) are present in two modes of such wg. The so encoded NLO switch is operated by directing at least two input pulsed laser beams of frequency (ω) into the two modes of the wg to generate a reinforced pulsed output SHG beam and output same from the wg in an NLO switching process. The two input beams desirably have a separate pulse train and the spatial and temporal overlap of the …

Electromagnetic Scattering From Semi-Infinite Planar Arrays, Peter J. Collins

Theses and Dissertations

A hybrid method of moments (MM) based numerical model for the electromagnetic scattering from large finite by infinite planar slot arrays is developed. The method incorporates the novel concept of a physical basis function (PBF) to dramatically reduce the number of required unknowns. The model can represent a finite number of slot columns with slots oriented along the infinite axis, surrounded by an arbitrary number of coplanar dielectric slabs. Each slot column can be loaded with a complex impedance, allowing one to tailor the edge currents to provide a desired echo width pattern. The surface equivalence theorem is used to …

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Of Exponentials In Unknown Colored Noise For Target Identification In Synthetic Aperture Radar Images, Matthew P. Pepin

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation develops techniques for estimating exponential signals in unknown colored noise. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators of the exponential parameters are developed. Techniques are developed for one and two dimensional exponentials, for both the deterministic and stochastic ML model. The techniques are applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data whose point scatterers are modeled as damped exponentials. These estimated scatterer locations (exponentials frequencies) are potential features for model-based target recognition. The estimators developed in this dissertation may be applied with any parametrically modeled noise having a zero mean and a consistent estimator of the noise covariance matrix. ML techniques …

Hybrid Kalman / Minimax Filtering In Phase-Locked Loops, Daniel J. Simon, Hossny El-Sherief

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A method of combining Kahnan filtering and minimax filtering is proposed and demonstrated in an application to phase-locked loop design. Kalman filtering suffers from a lack of robustness to departures from the assumed noise statistics. Minimax filtering, however, has the drawback of ignoring the engineer's (admittedly incomplete) knowledge of the noise statistics. It is shown in this paper that hybrid Kalman/minimax filtering can provide the “best of both worlds” . Phase-locked loop filter design is used in this paper to demonstrate an application of hybrid estimation.

An Empirical Comparison Of Area-Universal And Other Parallel Computing Networks, Ronald I. Greenberg, Lee Guan

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper provides empirical comparison of the communication capabilities of two area-universal networks, the fat-tree and the fat-pyramid, to the popular mesh and hypercube networks for parallel computation. While area-universal networks have been proven capable of simulating, with modest slowdown, any computation of any other network of comparable area, prior work has generally left open the question of how area-universal networks compare to other networks in practice. Comparisons are performed using techniques of throughput and latency analysis that have previously been applied to k-ary n-cube networks and using various existing models to equate the hardware cost of the networks being …

An Esr Study Of Free Radicals In Electroreduction Process Of Allyl Alcohol, Jindong Zhang, Yafei Kuang, Shukun Huang, Naixian Xie, Fengzhen Wang, Dewen Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical-ESR technique with spin trap phenyl-t-butyl nitrone(PBN)was used to study the intermediates of electroreduction of allyl alcohol at platinized platinum electrode in acidic alcohol-aqua solution. Hydrogen and allyl group and(or)propyl group radicals were identified by a hyperfine spectrum of the radical adducts, and that provided a direct evidence for the presence of these radicals in the electroreduction of allyl alcohol.

A Study On Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, Hongfeng Xu, Ming Han, Baolian Yi, Xinge Zhang, Shanhai Ge

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (SPEFC) show promise of a high level of performance in the present fuel cell. In this paper, we report the method of SPEFC electrode preparation,and the effects of temperature, pressure and gas flow rate on the performance.

Studies On The Charge And Discharge Reaction Of Li/Lini0.3Co0.7O2 Battery, Fupjng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The charge and discharge reaction of Li/LiNi_0.3Co_0.7O₂ battery have been studied by using CV,CT,XRD and GCP. It is shown that the discharge capacity of the cell reaches 120-140 mA·h·g^-1 in the 4.30-3.00 V in 1 mol/L LiClO₄/PC electrolyte system. The discharge mechanism involve a two-step Li⁺ intercalation reaction. The thermodynamic data such as ΔG,ΔS, ΔH, of the reaction are given. Furthermore, the changes of the D or σ_i of Li⁺ with its composition have been discussed.

Study On The Growth Process Of Lead Dioxide On Lead-Antimony Electrodes By Impedance Tracing Method, Guolin Wei, Hongxin Yang, Jiarong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The growth process of PbO₂ formed by the oxidation of PbSO₄ in the anodic film on lead-(1,3,5,7)wt% antimony electrodes was investigated with impedance tracing method of single frequency and the current-time transient method. The influence of antimony on this process was studied.The simulation curves obtained for capacity-time transients fit the experimental results very well. It has been shown that the mentioned growth process is a two-dimentional instantaneous nucleation and growth process. Antimony will inhibit the growth of PbO₂ nucleus but enhance its nucleation.

A Study On Electrochemical Oxidation Of Reduced Nicotinamide Coenzyme Nadh In Organic Media, Fangzu Yang, Huihuang Wu, Shukai Xu, Shaomin Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The behaviour of electrochemical oxidation of the reduced nicotinamide coenzyme NADH on glassy carbon was studied and some kinetic parameters were measured by means of voltammometry in the N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4-dioxane media respectively. The eletrochemical oxidation of NADH shows completely irriversable both in the two solvents,and the diagnostic experiments support that the process involves a fast chemical step.The oxidation rate and the diffusion coefficient of NADH in DMP are smaller than those in 1,4-dioxane, but the response current is more stable in DMF. The experimental results are discussed by solvent effects.

Effect Of Unbalance On Power System Components In The Presence Of Harmonics, Jessica Williams

All Theses

No abstract provided.

Single-Layer Channel Routing And Placement With Single-Sided Nets, Ronald I. Greenberg, Jau-Der Shih

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper considers the optimal offset, feasible offset, and optimal placement problems for a more general form of single-layer VLSI channel routing than has usually been considered in the past. Most prior works require that every net has exactly one terminal on each side of the channel. As long as only one side of the channel contains multiple terminals of the same net, we provide linear-time solutions to all three problems. Such results are implausible if the placement of terminals is entirely unrestricted; in fact, the size of the output for the feasible offset problem may be Ω(n^2). The linear-time …

An Expert System Approach To Emc Modeling, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Thomas Van Doren, Navin Kashyap

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Existing computer software for EMC analysis can be divided into three categories. Analytical modeling codes employ closed form expressions to solve problems of general interest to EMC engineers or circuit designers. Numerical modeling codes use numerical techniques to solve Maxwell's equations subject to specific boundary conditions. EMC rule checkers search a design for features that violate basic EMC design guidelines. This paper outlines the relative advantages and limitations of each of these three approaches and describes an expert system EMC modeling approach. The new approach combines analytical models, numerical models, and EMC rule-checking in order to evaluate designs in much …

Simulation And Measurement For Decoupling On Multilayer Pcb Dc Power Buses, Hao Shi, F. Yuan, Fei Sha, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

DC power bus decoupling of a multi-layer PCB is modeled by a combination of a lumped circuit model at low frequencies ( < 200 MHz), and a mixed-potential integral equation approach at high frequencies. In order to determine the lumped parameters of via interconnects, an effective procedure using a network analyzer has been developed to characterize the trace/via inductances/resistances. For an 8 inch × 10 inch ten-layer test board used in this study, the simulations show good agreement with the measurement. This method can lead to new design strategies of decoupling for multilayer PCB power buses.

Multiresolution Wavelet Processing For Binary Phase-Only Filters, Samuel Peter Kozaitis

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We used the discrete wavelet transform to approximate an image at a lower resolution in preparation for object recognition using correlation techniques. We cross- correlated the low-resolution image with a similarly processed image containing an object of interest. Then, we synthesized the cross-correlation result to the resolution of original image. Using this approach, we avoided cross- correlating an image multiple times and passing information between levels of an image representation such as an image pyramid. We satisfactorily identified objects at 1/4 resolution using the wavelet representation and binary phase-only filters. We chose wavelets based on their impulse response and found …

Real-Time Optically Processed Face-Recognition System Based On Arbitrary Moire Contours, Rafael A. Andrade, Bernard R. Gilbert, Donald W. Dawson, Chris L. Hart, Samuel Peter Kozaitis, Joel H. Blatt

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

A real-time diffraction based optical processed 3-D shape recognition system has been built and demonstrated. The system uses an Ar-ion laser interferometer to project variable spatial frequency structural illumination on 3 dimensional targets which are viewed by a camera. The video data is mixed with a computer generated mask (converted to RS-170 video) and the resulting output video signal is sent to a liquid crystal television (modified to function as a spatial light modulator) which is illuminated by a He-Ne laser. The video mixing process, based on a commercial Chroma-Key circuit, generates an arbitrary moire pattern which is a function …

Visual Speech Recognition Using Multiple Deformable Lip Models, Devi Chandramohan

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Motivated by the fact that human speech perception is a bimodal process (auditory and visual), several researchers have designed and implemented automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems consisting of both audio and visual subsystems, and shown improved performance relative to traditional purely auditory systems. Several visual speech reading approaches have used deformable templates to model the shape of a speaker's lips. Deformable templates are models of image objects, which can be deformed by adjusting a set of parameters to match the object in some optimal way, as defined by a cost function. Using a single deformable lip model has disadvantages such …

Two-Dimensional Drift-Diffusion Simulations Of Silicon Avalanche Shaper (Sas) Devices For High Power Applications, Hamid Jalali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Silicon Avalanche Shaper devices have been projected as being important components of an inexpensive, semiconductor-based technology for high power switching applications. The primary advantage of this technology is that it is based on Silicon material which is easy to fabricate and has a well established processing technology. Unlike other high power technologies, the SAS devices do not rely on external optical triggering which eliminates the need for lasers and related optical circuitry.

The SAS based high power switching technology has been pioneered and tested by a Russian group. Though preliminary results have been very encouraging, the device reliability and its …

Neural Generalized Predictive Control For Real-Time Control, Donald I. Soloway

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

In this thesis a computationally efficient Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithm is presented and implemented. The algorithm is more efficient than others because the number of iterations needed for convergence is significantly lower with Newton-Raphson. The main additional cost with Newton-Raphson algorithm is the calculation of the Hessian. This overhead is not a problem because of the reduced number of iterations, making the algorithm suitable for real-time control. For nonlinear control applications, a neural network is used as a dynamical system predictor leading to a Neural Generalized Predictive Control (NGPC) algorithm which is presented in detail in this thesis. An …