Digital Commons Network^™

Deterministic And Probabilistic Test Generation For Binary And Ternary Quantum Circuits, Sowmya Aligala, Sreecharani Ratakonda, Kiran Narayan, Kanagalakshmi Nagarajan, Martin Lukac, Jacob D. Biamonte, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

It is believed that quantum computing will begin to have an impact around year 2010. Much work is done on physical realization and synthesis of quantum circuits, but nothing so far on the problem of generating tests and localization of faults for such circuits. Even fault models for quantum circuits have been not formulated yet. We propose an approach to test generation for a wide category of fault models of single and multiple faults. It uses deterministic and probabilistic tests to detect faults. A Fault Table is created that includes probabilistic information. If possible, deterministic tests are first selected, while …

Pulse Train Control Technique For Flyback Converter, Mark Telefus, Anatoly Shteynberg, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Ali Emadi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pulse Train^TM control technique is introduced and applied to flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In contrast to the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme, the principal idea of Pulse Train is to achieve output voltage regulation using high and low power pulses. The proposed technique is applicable to any converter operating in DCM. However, this work mainly focuses on flyback topology. In this paper, the main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm is introduced and simulations as well as experimental results are presented.

Digital Design For A Sweeping Langmuir Probe Board, Omar Morales

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In-situ probing of the Earth's upper atmosphere has greatly contributed to the understanding of the ionosphere's variations and structures. The purpose of this research project has been to develop the digital component of a Swept Langmuir Probe that will be used on a sounding rocket to be launched through the equatorial ionosphere. The probe will make measurements of the plasma density and temperature in the ionosphere.

The digital component uses an FPGA to perform three main functions in parallel which are generating a sweeping voltage on the probe, sampling data channels, and communicating measured data to external devices. The FPGA …

Calibration Of Plasma Impedance Probe On The Floating Potential Measurement Unit, Krishna Kishore Kurra

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Charging of the International Space Station (ISS) is identified as a potential space hazard for astronauts. Floating potential measurement unit (FMPU) was developed to address this issue. This project is aimed at developing a procedure for the calibration of Plasma Impedance Probe, one of the four probes housed by FPMU. Non-linear curve fits are used to find the calibration coefficients and the equations are symbolically solved to obtain the load magnitude and phase from the pulse code modulated (PCM) data. There is a brief discussion of various methods tried during this process. The results are compared with the actual test …

On Noncoherent Detection Of Cpm, Michael D. Rice, Erik Perrins

Faculty Publications

This work was supported under a grant from the Air Force ARTM program (Contracts F04700-02-P-0080 and F04700-02-P-0081). It is well understood that the performance of noncoherent receivers with multi-symbol observation intervals approaches that of coherent receivers as the observation interval grows arbitrarily large. However, since complexity also grows exponentially with observation length, there are practical limits to this approach. In this paper we present a noncoherent receiver for continuous phase modulation (CPM) whose structure is a hybrid between existing coherent and noncoherent receiver architectures. The presentation is given in the most general M-ary multi-h terms, with some emphasis on the …

Optimal Pitch, Speed And Fuel Control At Sea, Thomas Hellström

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper discusses algorithms for fuel saving control for large vessels. The fuel saving is achieved by optimizing control at three levels: low level propeller and main engine control, dynamic speed control to avoid peeks in the fuel consumption and finally route planning for optimal speed profiles compensated for varying depth and weather conditions. The control problems involve classical control functions as well as numerical optimization.

Consistency Restoration In Point And Interval Spatio-Temporal Reasoning, Florent Launay, Debasis Mitra

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this work, we first have proposed a technique to define the “causes” of inconsistency on an online point based reasoning constraint network. Second, we introduce an algorithm that proposes the user a minimal set of relations to remove when inconsistencies are detected. We have developed and implemented a battery of algorithms for the purpose of this type of reasoning. Some useful theorems and properties are defined for proving the ‘minimal’ aspect of the algorithm. Finally, we found that our investigation was a polynomially solvable sub problem of the vertex cover problem.

Hardware Synthesis Of Synchronous Data Flow Models, Matthew R. Koecher

Theses and Dissertations

Synchronous Dataflow (SDF) graphs are a convenient way to represent many signal processing and dataflow operations. Nodes within SDF graphs represent computation while arcs represent dependencies between nodes. Using a graph representation, SDF graphs formally specify a dataflow algorithm without any assumptions on the final implementation. This allows an SDF model to be synthesized into a variety of implementation techniques including both software and hardware.

This thesis presents a technique for generating an abstract hardware representation from SDF models. The techniques presented here operate on SDF models defined structurally within the Ptolemy modeling environment. The behavior of the nodes within …

An Electromagnetic Model For Evaluating Temporal Water Content Distribution And Movement In Cyclically Soaked Mortar, Shanup Peer, K. E. Kurtis, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Evaluation of water distribution and its temporal movement in cement-based materials is important for assessing cement hydration, curing, and long-term performance. From a practical standpoint, it is also important to obtain this information nondestructively. Near-field microwave nondestructive evaluation methods have proven effective for evaluation of cement-based materials for their various mixture properties, including the detection of salt added to the mixing water and chloride ions entering these materials through exposure to salt water solutions. Electromagnetic modeling of the interaction of microwave signals with moist cement-based materials can provide the necessary insight to evaluate water content distribution and movement in these …

Analysis And Design Of Low-Jitter Oscillators, Justin Jennings Fitzpatrick

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents an examination of the jitter performance of different oscillator types in the presence of flicker noise, white noise and power supply noise. Key results are achieved using time domain simulations to determine cycle jitter of several different oscillator architectures, semiconductor processes and component features. In the end, a design procedure is developed for creating a low-jitter oscillator in a TSMC .25mm CMOS semiconductor process.

Deviation Of Time-Resolved Luminescence Dynamics In Mwir Semiconductor Materials From Carrier Recombination Theory Predictions, Peter M. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Time resolved luminescence spectroscopy was used to characterize luminescence decay curves for a bulk InAs sample and an InAsSb type-I quantum-well sample over the first 3ns following excitation. The luminescence decay curves were then converted to carrier densities and used to find recombination coefficients that provided the least-squared-error solution of the rate equation describing carrier recombination. Recombination coefficients describing Shockley Read-Hall (A_SRH) radiative (B_rad) and Auger (C_Aug) recombination were determined at two different temperatures and four excitation powers, then analyzed for consistency and physical significance. For all of the resulting least …

Evaluating The Navigation Potential Of The National Television System Committee Broadcast Signal, Ryan J. Eggert

Theses and Dissertations

The accuracy and worldwide availability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) make it the dominant system for navigation and precise positioning. Unfortunately, many situations arise in which GPS may not be adequate, e.g., urban navigation. This research evaluates the navigation potential of the National Television System Committee (NTSC) broadcast signal using a time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) algorithm. TDOA measurements are made using NTSC broadcast signals collected from low and high multipath environments. These measurements are then used to evaluate the severity and dynamic effects of NTSC broadcast multipath signals. Three data reduction algorithms were developed--one that modifies the classical cross-correlation TDOA approach, …

Simulating A Chromotomographic Sensor For Hyperspectral Imaging In The Infrared, Anthony J. Dearinger

Theses and Dissertations

Hyperspectral imaging systems passively sense radiant electromagnetic energy from a remote scene to form a three dimension profile of the remote scene. The data contained in this profile describes real images of the remote scene for a certain number of spectral wavelength bands across a finite spectral range of electromagnetic radiation. Typical grating type hyperspectral imaging systems collect spectral electromagnetic radiation in the visible and near infrared spectral range, by incrementally scanning across the spatial extent of the remote scene. The legacy of low optical throughput because of the optical scanning techniques employed in these systems means adapting these systems …

Autonomous Landing Of A Rotary Unmanned Aerial Vehicle In A Non-Cooperative Environment Using Machine Vision, Joshua Martin Hintze

Theses and Dissertations

Landing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a non-trivial problem. Removing the ability to cooperate with the landing site further increases the complexity. This thesis develops a multi-stage process that allows a UAV to locate the safest landing site, and then land without a georeference. Machine vision is the vehicle sensor used to locate potential landing hazards and generate an estimated UAV position. A description of the algorithms, along with validation results, are presented. The thesis shows that software-simulated landing performs adequately, and that future hardware integration looks promising.

Design Of A High Speed Mixed Signal Cmos Mutliplying Circuit, David Ray Bartholomew

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the design of a mixed-signal CMOS multiplier implemented with short-channel PMOS transistors. The multiplier presented here forms the product of a differential input voltage and a five-bit digital code. A TSMC 0.18 µm MOSFET model is used to simulate the circuit in Cadence Design Systems. The research presented in this thesis reveals a configuration that allows the multiplier to run at a speed of 8.2 GHz with end-point nonlinearity less than 5%. The high speed and low nonlinearity make this circuit ideal for applications such as filtering and digital to analog conversion.

Implementation Issues Of Real-Time Trajectory Generation On Small Uavs, Derek B. Kingston

Theses and Dissertations

The transition from a mathematical algorithm to a physical hardware implementation is non-trivial. This thesis discusses the issues involved in the transition from the theory of real-time trajectory generation all the way through a hardware experiment. Documentation of the validation process as well as modifications to the existing theory as a result of hardware testing are treated at length. The results of hardware experimentation show that trajectory generation can be done in real-time in a manner facilitating coordination of multiple small UAVs.

Multiple Access Interference Characterization For Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications Using Chip Waveform Shaping, Matthew G. Glen

Theses and Dissertations

This research characterizes MAI effects on DS/SSMA system performance through simulation in Matlab , and explores the impact of multiple access code selection, chip waveform shaping, and multiple access code length on BER for both synchronous and asynchronous multiple access networks. In addition, the simulated DS/SSMA model permits rapid research into the effects of additional factors on BER. Prior to experimental testing, model validation is conducted through single user trials and by comparison with existing research for similar system designs. For synchronous and asynchronous networks, Gold coding improves BER by 7.5 and 4.0 dB, respectively, relative to aperiodic random spreading …

An Analysis Of Electromagnetic Interference (Emi) Of Ultra Wideband(Uwb) And Ieee 802.11a Wireless Local Area Network (Wlan) Employing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Ofdm), Juan Lopez Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Military communications require the rapid deployment of mobile, high-bandwidth systems. These systems must provide anytime, anywhere capabilities with minimal interference to existing military, private, and commercial communications. Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology is being advanced as the next generation radio technology and has the potential to revolutionize indoor wireless communications. The ability of UWB to mitigate multipath fading, provide high-throughput data rates (e.g., greater than 100 Mbps), provide excellent signal penetration (e.g., through walls), and low implementation costs makes it an ideal technology for a wide range of private and public sector applications. Preliminary UWB studies conducted by The Institute for …

Discovering The Merit Of The Wavelet Transform For Object Classification, Matthew D. Eyster

Theses and Dissertations

Vision is the primary sense by which most biological systems collect information about their environment. Computer vision is a branch of artificial intelligence concerned with endowing machines with the ability to understand images. Object recognition is a key part of machine vision with far reaching benefits ranging from target recognition, surveillance systems, to automation systems. Extraction of salient features from an image is one of the key steps in object recognition. Typically, geometric primitives are extracted from an image using local analysis. However, the wavelet transform provides a global approach with good locality. Additionally, the directional and multiresolution properties may …

Characterization Of Ultra Wideband Multiple Access Performance Using Time Hopped-Biorthogonal Pulse Position Modulation, Donald J. Clabaugh

Theses and Dissertations

The FCC's release of its UWB First Report and Order in April 2002 spawned renewed interest in impulse signaling research. This work combines Time Hopped (TH) multiple access coding with 4-ary UWB Biorthogonal Pulse Position Modulation (TH-BPPM). Multiple access performance is evaluated in a multipath environment for both synchronous and asynchronous networks. Fast time hopping is implemented by replicating and hopping each TH-BPPM symbol NH times. Bit error expressions are derived for biorthogonal TH-BPPM signaling and results compared with previous orthogonal TH-PPM work. Without fast time hopping (NH = 1), the biorthogonal TH-BPPM technique provided gains equivalent to Gray-coded QPSK; …

Image Super-Resolution Using Adaptive 2-D Gaussian Basis Function Interpolation, Terence D. Hunt

Theses and Dissertations

Digital image interpolation using Gaussian radial basis functions has been implemented by several investigators, and promising results have been obtained; however, determining the basis function variance has been problematic. Here, adaptive Gaussian basis functions fit the mean vector and covariance matrix of a non-radial Gaussian function to each pixel and its neighbors, which enables edges and other image characteristics to be more effectively represented. The interpolation is constrained to reproduce the original image mean gray level, and the mean basis function variance is determined using the expected image smoothness for the increased resolution. Test outputs from the resulting Adaptive Gaussian …

Beamforming Techniques And Interference Mitigation Using A Multiple Feed Array For Radio Astronomy, Chad K. Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

Radio frequency interference has become a large problem to radio astronomers. This thesis proposes the idea that radio frequency interference can be mitigated using a phased array feed in conjunction with a large reflector. A phased array feed would allow radio astronomers to observe fainter signals than is currently possible, while at the same time enabling rapid sky surveys. A phased array feed was designed and simulated, and sensitivity optimization was performed on the array feed. It was shown that higher sensitivity can be achieved using a 7-element phased array feed than with a conventional waveguide feed. Simulations were ran …

Method Of Non-Data-Aided Carrier Recovery With Modulation Identification, Kenta Umebayashi, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Ryuji Kohno

Faculty Publications

A non-data aided carrier recovery technique using digital modulation format identification called multi-mode PLL (Phase Locked Loop) is proposed. This technique can be interpreted as a modulation identification method that is robust against static phase and frequency offsets. The performance of the proposed technique is studied and the analytical expressions are derived for the probability of lock detection, acquisition time over AWGN channel in the cases of M-PSK and M-QAM modulations with respect to frequency offset and signal-to-noise ratio.

A Differentiated Services Architecture For Quality Of Service Provisioning In Wireless Local Area Networks, Tristan Raimondi

Masters

Currently the issue of Quality of Service (QoS) is a major problem in IP networks due to the growth in multimedia traffic (e.g. voice and video applications) and therefore many mechanisms like IntServ, DiffServ, etc. have been proposed. Since the IEEE 802.11b (or Wi-Fi) standard was approved in 1999, it has gained in popularity to become the leading Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology with millions of such networks deployed worldwide. Wireless networks have a limited capacity (11 Mbits/s in the case of Wi-Fi networks) owing to the limited amount of frequency spectrum available. At any given time there may …

Swarm Based Implementation Of A Virtual Distributed Database System In A Sensor Network, Wen C. Lee

Theses and Dissertations

The deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in recent military operations has had success in carrying out surveillance and combat missions in sensitive areas. An area of intense research on UAVs has been on controlling a group of small-sized UAVs to carry out reconnaissance missions normally undertaken by large UAVs such as Predator or Global Hawk. A control strategy for coordinating the UAV movements of such a group of UAVs adopts the bio-inspired swarm model to produce autonomous group behavior. This research proposes establishing a distributed database system on a group of swarming UAVs, providing for data storage during a …

Geolocation Of An Audio Source In A Multipath Environment Using Time-Of-Arrival, Jeffrey A. Boggs

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force and the Department of Defense (DoD) are continually searching for ways to protect U.S. forces, both stateside and abroad. One continuing threat, especially in the current world environment, is gunfire from an unseen sniper. Designated areas, such as a forward deployed base or motorcade route, need to be continuously monitored for sniper fire. Once detected, these gunmen need to be located in real time. One possible method for accomplishing this task is to geolocate the audio signals generated using time-of-arrival (TOA) algorithms. These algorithms rely on direct-path measurements for accuracy. Multipath environments therefore pose a problem when …

Stepped Waveguide Electromagnetic Material Characterization Technique, Sean P. Dorey

Theses and Dissertations

Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a material. A new waveguide material measurement technique is developed to reduce test sample size requirements for low-frequency applications. Specifically, a waveguide sample holder having a reduced aperture is utilized to decrease the time and cost spent producing large precision test samples. This type of sample holder causes a disruption in the waveguide-wall surface currents that results in the excitation of higher-order modes. This thesis will demonstrate how these higher-order modes can be accommodated using a modal-analysis technique, thus resulting in the ability to measure smaller …

Atmospheric Simulation Using A Liquid Crystal Wavefront Controlling Device, Matthew R. Brooks

Theses and Dissertations

Test and evaluation of laser warning devices is important due to the increased use of laser devices in aerial applications. In this thesis, an atmospheric aberrating system is developed to enable in-lab testing of laser warning devices. This system employs laser light at 632.8nm from a Helium-Neon source and a spatial light modulator (SLM) to cause phase changes using a birefringent liquid crystal material. Before the system can be used, the SLM phase response must be quantified to ensure proper manipulation of index of refraction. Additionally, diffraction from the SLM and real-world system scaling are addressed. Once completed, the atmospheric …

Target Recognition Using Linear Classification Of High Range Resolution Radar Profiles, Ricardo A. Diaz

Theses and Dissertations

High Range Resolution (HRR) radar profiles map three-dimensional target characteristics onto one-dimensional signals that represent reflected radar intensity along target extent. In this thesis, second through fourth statistical moments are extracted from HRR profiles and input to Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) classifiers. An iterative classification process is applied that gradually minimizes required a priori knowledge about the target data. It is found that the second through fourth statistical moments of HRR profiles are useful features in the FLD classification of dissimilar targets and they provide reasonable discrimination of similar targets. Greater than 69% correct classification for two-target scenarios and greater …

Cross Range Smear Characterization In Xpatch Isar Images, Peter E. Muend

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates a cross range smear phenomenon seen in far field, frequency domain Xpatch calculations. The phenomenon is very subtle, manifesting itself in 2-D ISAR images as a low-level scatterer response smeared in the cross range direction. This cross range smear occurs only using complex target models with certain characteristics. It is also a mathematical construct, not occurring in physical SAR systems. Using a carefully constructed scattering target set, Xpatch-generated ISAR images are used to characterize cross range smear in terms of its input parameters. The characterization is done as a DOE-based polynomial approximation to the observed smear levels. …