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Fabrication, Characterization, And Modeling Of Organic Capacitors, Schottky Diodes, And Field Effect Transistors, Mo Zhu

Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this project are to fabricate, characterize, and model organic microelectronic devices by traditional lithography techniques and Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD).

Organic microelectronics is becoming a promising field due to its number of advantages in low-cost fabrication for large area substrates. There have been growing studies in organic electronics and optoelectronics. In this project, several organic microelectronic devices are studied with the aid of experimentation and numerical modeling.

Organic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors consisting of insulating polymer poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) have been fabricated by spin-coating, photo lithography, and reactive ion etching techniques. Based on the fabricated …

Robust Image Transmission Based On Wavelet Tree Coding, Error Resilient Entropy Coding, And Error Concealment, Lei Cao, Chang Wen Chen

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

A scheme with three key components including wavelet tree coding, error resilient entropy coding (EREC), and error concealment is proposed for robust image coding and transmission over noisy channels. First, we individually encode the spatial-orientation trees in the wavelet domain using the algorithm of set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT). Error propagation is thus limited because multiple independent bit streams are generated. Meanwhile, a high source coding efficiency is also preserved because the self-similarity property in each wavelet tree remains intact. Next, we use EREC to reorganize these variable-length bit streams into fixed-length data slots before multiplexing and transmission. Therefore, …

Assessing The Quality Of Seawinds Rain Measurements, David G. Long, David W. Draper

Faculty Publications

While SeaWinds was designed to measure ocean winds, it can also measure rain over the ocean. SeaWinds on QuikSCAT active measurements of integrated columnar rain rate obtained via simultaneous wind/rain retrieval are evaluated via Monte Carlo simulation and the Cramer-Rao lower bound on estimate accuracy. Although sufficiently accurate in many conditions, the simultaneous wind/rain retrieval method used with SeaWinds on QuikSCAT data is ill-conditioned for certain wind directions and measurement geometries, sometimes yielding spurious rain rates in zero-rain conditions. To assess the validity of SeaWinds-derived rain rates, a simple empirically based rain thresholding scheme is presented, derived from simulated data. …

Simultaneous Wind And Rain Retrieval Using Seawinds Data, David G. Long, David W. Draper

Faculty Publications

The SeaWinds scatterometers onboard the QuikSCAT and the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 2 measure ocean winds on a global scale via the relationship between the normalized radar backscattering cross section of the ocean and the vector wind. The current wind retrieval method ignores scattering and attenuation of ocean rain, which alter backscatter measurements and corrupt retrieved winds. Using a simple rain backscatter and attenuation model, two methods of improving wind estimation in the presence of rain are evaluated. First, if no suitable prior knowledge of the rain rate is available, a maximum-likelihood estimation technique is used to simultaneously retrieve the …

Fuzzy Modeling Of Electromagnetic Emissions From Portable Electronic Devices Onboard Commercial Aircraft, Madiha Jamil Jafri

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The use of Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) is prohibited during take-off and landing of an aircraft because PEDs may emit signals that can interfere with the aircraft's navigation and communication systems. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the aircraft's electronics due to PEDs emissions is examined for Boeing 737 and 747 aircraft. This work, funded by the NASA Graduate Researchers Program, uses Interference Path Loss (IPL) data, collected by researchers from NASA Langley Research Center, Eagles Wings Inc. and United Airlines on several out-of-service United B737 and B747 airplanes.

B737 and B747 IPL data has been analyzed using a graphical analysis …

Modeling Nerve Electro-Stimulation In The Nanosecond Regime, Feng Chen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Numerical simulations of electrical stimulation of frog gastrocnemius muscles have been carried out for pulse durations in the nanosecond regime. There are a number of potential advantages in using ultra-short pulses for neural stimulation, and no previous electro-stimulation work in the sub-microsecond regime has been reported. A timedependent, three-dimensional analysis model was developed and implemented for three distinct situations: (i) direct stimulation via electrode contact, (ii) indirect excitation based on electrodes immersed in a saline-filled bath, and (iii) remote electromagnetic stimulation through vacuum. The simulations yielded strength-dm ation (S-D) curves with pulse durations as short as 5 ns. Good agreement …

Automatic Detection And Validity Of The Sea-Ice Edge: An Application Of Enhanced-Resolution Quikscat/Seawinds Data, David G. Long, Jorg Haarpaintner, Rasmus T. Tonboe, Michael L. Van Woert

Faculty Publications

Sea-ice edge detection is an essential task at the different national ice services to secure navigation in ice-covered seas. Comparison between the Remund and Long ice mask image from enhanced-resolution QuikScat/SeaWinds (QS) products and the analyzed ice edge from high-resolution RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar has shown that the automatically determined QS ice mask underestimates the Arctic ice extent. QS data was statistically analyzed by colocating the data with ice charts around Greenland and with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Team's Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) ice concentration algorithm over the whole Arctic region. All variables, i.e., the backscatter in vertical …

Mutual Coupling In Mimo Wireless Systems: A Rigorous Network Theory Analysis, Michael A. Jensen, Jon W. Wallace

Faculty Publications

A new framework for the analysis of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems is introduced to account for mutual coupling effects in the antenna arrays. The multiport interactions at transmit and receive are characterized by representing the channel using a scattering parameter matrix. A new power constraint that limits the average radiated power is also introduced. The capacity of the MIMO system with mutual coupling is defined as the maximum mutual information of the transmit and receive vectors over all possible transmit signaling and receive loading. Full-wave electromagnetic antenna simulations combined with a simple path-based channel model are used to demonstrate …

Unmanned Air Vehicle Testbed For Cooperative Control Experiments, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the MAGICC Lab unmanned air vehicle (UAV) testbed at Brigham Young University. Motivation for pursuing experimental research with UAVs is given as well as a historical perspective of the UAV testbed development. Lessons learned through the development and use of the testbed over the past several years are summarized.

Stability Analysis Of Jump-Linear Systems Driven By Finite-State Machines With Markovian Inputs, Sudarshan S. Patilkulkarni

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A control system with a fault recovery mechanism in the feedback loop and with faults occurring in a non-deterministic manner can be modeled as a class of hybrid systems, i.e., a dynamical system switched by a finite-state machine or an automaton. When the plant and controller are linear, such a system can be modeled as a jump-linear system driven by a finite-state machine with a random input process. Such fault recovery mechanisms are found in flight control systems and distributed control systems with communication networks. In these critical applications, closed-loop stability of the system in the presence of fault recoveries …

Review Of The Product Development Process And Information Flow In The Manufacturing Industry: Problems And A Possible Wav Forward, E Opiyo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

No abstract provided.

Service And Network Modeling For Implementation Of Powerline Remote Monitoring Of Electrical Power Metering In Tanzania, J Anatory

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The conventional metering. pyepa.vmen,' and estimates have been used in power utilities industries. The svslen,'s hare experienced many problems such as power tampering, bill tampering, ./åiluve ro receive invoices by poner unlity customers and so on. Different technologies have been investigated To overcome the problems and recently it has been realized that remote 'nonitoring sysle•ns through powerline channel is a solution offhese problems in Tanami". However. 'he powerline network has been used for electrical power IO use i,' for implementation of remote monitoring: network must be setup and has to be modeled to accommodate communications. The contribution has analyzed 'he …

Efficient Orchestration Of Sub-Word Parallelism In Media Processors, John Y. Oliver, Venkatesh Akella, Frederic T. Chong

Electrical Engineering

Communication and multimedia applications with increased data rates and enhanced functionality continuously raise the bar for the computational requirements of future microprocessors. In order to meet these computational demands it is necessary to exploit sub-word parallelism efficiently. We propose to make sub-word data movement a first-class operation in microprocessor architectures by introducing a Sub-word Permutation Unit (SPU)in the execution pipeline. The SPU is evaluated in the context of the MMX media co-processor for the Intel Pentium architectures, but our results can be extended to any processor that supports sub-word parallelism. We find that the SPU all ws us to orchestrate …

Design Of An Autopilot For Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Reed Siefert Christiansen

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the design of an autopilot capable of flying small unmanned aerial vehicles with wingspans less then 21 inches. The autopilot is extremely small and lightweight allowing it to fit in aircraft of this size. The autopilot features an advanced, highly autonomous flight control system with auto-launch and auto-landing algorithms. These features allow the autopilot to be operated by a wide spectrum of skilled and unskilled users. Innovative control techniques implemented in software, coupled with light weight, robust, and inexpensive hardware components were used in the design of the autopilot.

Development Of A Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Bouzid Aliane, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Michael Collura

Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications

To operate effectively in today’s workforce engineers need to have a muti-disciplinary perspective along with substantial disciplinary depth. This broad perspective cannot be achieved by merely taking 2 or 3 engineering courses outside of the major, but rather will require a radical change in the way we educate engineers. The faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of New Haven have developed a new approach: the Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral. This curricular model provides the needed mix of breadth and depth, along with the desired professional skills, by providing carefully crafted, well-coordinated curricular experiences in …

Project-Based Introduction To Engineering - A University Core Course, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Bouzid Aliane, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Michael Collura

Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications

This paper describes a first year engineering course that is taken by both engineering and non-engineering students. The project-based Introduction to Engineering course, EAS107P, fulfills a university core curriculum elective. Although engineering students take the course during their first year, students from other majors typically elect to take the course later in their curriculum. The focus of EAS107P is to have students experience the engineering design and problem solving process in a multi-disciplinary, team-based setting. In addition to learning about design, students develop an interest in the engineering profession and build a foundation of skills for future work. An additional …

Project Planning & Development For Engineering Freshmen, Bouzid Aliane, Michael Collura, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Jean Nocito-Gobel

Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications

The nature and background of students seeking an engineering education has changed drastically in the last decade, as has the expectations of industrial employers. Many students lack the organizational skills needed for academic success. Similar organizational skills, although more advanced, are required for managing engineering projects. A new course was developed by the faculty at the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of New Haven. Through this course, a key component of the Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral, seeks to promote higher retention rates, increase student motivation and begin a confidence-building transition to professional practice. Project management concepts …

Synchroscalar: A Multiple Clock Domain, Power-Aware, Tile-Based Embedded Processor, John Y. Oliver, Ravishankar Rao, Paul Sultana, Jedidiah Crandall, Erik Czernikowski, Leslie W. Jones, Iv, Diana Franklin, Venkatesh Akella, Frederic T. Chong

Electrical Engineering

We present Synchroscalar, a tile-based architecture for embedded processing that is designed to provide the flexibility of DSPs while approaching the power efficiency of ASICs. We achieve this goal by providing high parallelism and voltage scaling while minimizing control and communication costs. Specifically, Synchroscalar uses columns of processor tiles organized into statically-assigned frequency-voltage domains to minimize power consumption. Furthermore, while columns use SIMD control to minimize overhead, data-dependent computations can be supported by extremely flexible statically-scheduled communication between columns. We provide a detailed evaluation of Synchroscalar including SPICE simulation, wire and device models, synthesis of key components, cycle-level simulation, and …

Optimization Of A Quantum Cascade Laser Operating In The Terahertz Frequency Range Using A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm, Traci A. Keller

Theses and Dissertations

A quantum cascade (QC) laser is a specific type of semiconductor laser that operates through principles of quantum mechanics. In less than a decade QC lasers are already able to outperform previously designed double heterostructure semiconductor lasers. Because there is a genuine lack of compact and coherent devices which can operate in the far-infrared region the motivation exists for designing a terahertz QC laser. A device operating at this frequency is expected to be more efficient and cost effective than currently existing devices. It has potential applications in the fields of spectroscopy, astronomy, medicine and free-space communication as well as …

Morpheus: Motif Oriented Representations To Purge Hostile Events From Unlabeled Sequences, Guarav Tandon, Debasis Mitra, Philip K. Chan

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Most of the prevalent anomaly detection systems use some training data to build models. These models are then utilized to capture any deviations resulting from possible intrusions. The efficacy of such systems is highly dependent upon a training data set free of attacks. "Clean" or labeled training data is hard to obtain. This paper addresses the very practical issue of refinement of unlabeled data to obtain a clean data set which can then train an online anomaly detection system. Our system, called MORPHEUS, represents a system call sequence using the spatial positions of motifs (subsequences) within the sequence. We also …

One-Tap Wideband I/Q Compensation For Zero-If Filters, Peter Kiss, Vladimir I. Prodanov

Electrical Engineering

The I/Q imbalance is one of the performance bottlenecks in transceivers with stringent requirements imposed by applications such as 802.11a. The mismatch between the frequency responses of two analog low-pass filters, used, e.g., for channel selection in zero-IF receivers, makes this I/Q imbalance frequency dependent. Usually, frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch is estimated and corrected by adaptive techniques, which are complex to implement and may converge slowly due to noise. In this work, a simple, delay-based I/Q compensation scheme is proposed based on an extensive statistical analysis. Its digital implementation uses only two coefficients, which are tuned by a one-step two-tone error …

Correlation And Covariance Of Satellite Scatterometer Measurements, David G. Long, Peter K. Yoho

Faculty Publications

Capable scatterometer designs have been developed that seek improved resolution through the use of higher pulse sampling rates. The high sampling rates bring the traditional scatterometry assumption of measurement independence into question. This paper uses fundamental scattering theory to derive general expressions for correlation and covariance between scatterometer measurements and provides practical analysis using current and future instruments as examples. The paper derives expressions for the measurement variance parameter Kp when measurement correlation due to Rayleigh fading effects is present and relates Kp to the statistics of multiple pulse measurements. A function of the transmit signal modulation and receive processing, …

Time Series Classification Using Gaussian Mixture Models Of Reconstructed Phase Spaces, Richard J. Povinelli, Michael T. Johnson, Andrew C. Lindgren, Jinjin Ye

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A new signal classification approach is presented that is based upon modeling the dynamics of a system as they are captured in a reconstructed phase space. The modeling is done using full covariance Gaussian mixture models of time domain signatures, in contrast with current and previous work in signal classification that is typically focused on either linear systems analysis using frequency content or simple nonlinear machine learning models such as artificial neural networks. The proposed approach has strong theoretical foundations based on dynamical systems and topological theorems, resulting in a signal reconstruction, which is asymptotically guaranteed to be a complete …

Investigation Into The Current Statistical Distribution For Oxide Breakdown Versus The Oxide Thickness Used In Integrated Circuit Manufacture, Eoin James O Driscoll

Theses

A critical aspect of integrated circuit manufacturing is the reliability of the components, in particular the gate oxide of transistors and capacitors. Accelerated stress tests are used for reliability predictions of gate oxides. There are two statistical distributions, which can be applied to stress test failure data, namely the Lognormal or the Weibull distributions. The failure data can fit each distribution equally well. However the use of either distribution will give vastly different lifetime predictions and their correct use is crucial for accurate lifetime prediction. A statistical based test, developed with Monte Carlo data, which is designed to decide if …

Target Recognition Using Late-Time Returns From Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Radar, Kenneth J. Pascoe

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this research is to develop algorithms that recognize targets by exploiting properties in the late-time resonance induced by ultra-wide band radar signals. A new variant of the Matrix Pencil Method algorithm is developed that identifies complex resonant frequencies present in the scattered signal. Kalman filters are developed to represent the dynamics of the signals scattered from several target types. The Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation algorithm uses the Kalman filters to recognize targets. The target recognition algorithm is shown to be successful in the presence of noise. The performance of the new algorithms is compared to that of …

Comparative Study On The Use Of Coherent Radar-Derived Electric Fields Vs. Statistical Electric Fields For The Initialization Of A High-Latitude Ionospheric Model, Christopher M. Hogue

Theses and Dissertations

The structure and time development of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system have significant impacts on the Air Force and its mission. Specifically, an accurate knowledge of ionospheric plasma densities is important for the operation of many Air Force systems. This research analyzes plasma density structure development through comparing two distinct electric field models. The two models compared here are a commonly used statistical model created by Heppner and Maynard 1987, and a more recently developed model using real-time coherent radar measurements from the SuperDARN radar network. Ionospheric simulations were run using Utah State University s Time-Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM) with the two …

Estimating Equatorial F-Region Daytime Vertical E X B Drift Velocities From Ground-Based Magnetometer Measurements In The Philippine Longitude Sector, Shauna M. Kinkela

Theses and Dissertations

Ionospheric disturbances can severely impact Department of Defense (DoD) systems, such as radar. satellite. and navigation technologies. Forecasting disturbances and describing the Earth's ionosphere, in turn, relies upon innovative computer-based models that gather input parameters from ground and space-borne observations and empirical models for ionospheric drivers. Equatorial E x B drift velocities are significant input parameters that go into many ionospheric models, because they help describe vertical plasma motions near the magnetic equator. Previous work by Anderson, et al 2002 has demonstrated the ability to derive Peruvian longitude sector, daytime vertical E x B drifts from ground-based magnetometer data. The …

Implementing Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers (Ieee) 802.11 Standard Medium Access Control Protocol For Wireless Local Area Networks (Lans) On A Laboratory Hardware Prototype, Joshua D. Green

Theses and Dissertations

Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) are extremely convenient, flexible, and easy to deploy. All LANs in which multiple hosts must access the same medium use a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to coordinate channel access. The MAC is part of the Data Link Layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model. One MAC protocol in extensive use today is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard. Since IEEE 802.11 devices are so prevalent in today s world, many researcher are exploring modifications and enhancements to the protocol. There are several well developed analytical and simulation models …

Testing Layered Interconnection Networks, Bin Liu, Fabrizio Lombardi, Nohpill Park, Minsu Choi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present an approach for fault detection in layered interconnection networks (LINs). An LIN is a generalized multistage interconnection network commonly used in reconfigurable systems; the nets (links) are arranged in sets (referred to as layers) of different size. Switching elements (made of simple switches such as transmission-gate-like devices) are arranged in a cascade to connect pairs of layers. The switching elements of an LIN have the same number of switches, but the switching patterns may not be uniform. A comprehensive fault model for the nets and switches is assumed at physical and behavioral levels. Testing requires configuring the LIN …

Fault Localization In Reversible Circuits Is Easier Than For Classical Circuits, Kavitha Ramasamy, Radhika Tagare, Edward Perkins, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

There is recently an interest in test generation for reversible circuits, but nothing has been published about fault localization in such circuits. This paper deals with fault localization for binary reversible (permutative) circuits. We concentrate on functional test based fault localization, to detect and locate “stuck-at” faults in a reversible circuit by creating an adaptive tree. A striking property of reversible circuits is that they exhibit “symmetric” adaptive trees. This helps considerably by being able to generate only half of the tree, and the other half is created as the mirror image of the first half. Because each test covers …