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Self-Employment In Vocational Rehabilitation Building On Lessons From Rural America, Nancy Arnold Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Employment

With this document, the Research and Training Center on Rural Rehabilitation Services prompts us to think anew about the possibilities of self-employment. Self-employment is a part of the American dream. People are drawn to the notion of working for themselves in a way they are not attracted to working for someone else. Americans think of self-employment as a way to control their own futures and to make work more fulfilling. Self-employment is individualistic, but also has a strong connection to the cultural make-up of the country. It stresses independence and self-sufficiency, but is also believed to promote economic vitality for …

Contested Tender Offers: An Estimate Of The Hazard Function, Sanjiv Jaggia, Satish Thosar

Economics

In this article we estimate the hazard function (takeover probabilities) for firms that are targets in unsolicited tender offers. The data support a Weibull-gamma specification and imply a hazard rate that increases sharply in the initial period following the bid announcement, after which it declines steadily. In explaining the hazard, we find that the initial bid premium has no explanatory power, but the onset of an auction and the proportion of institutional ownership In the target firm significantly enhance the hazard. Legal and financial restructuring actions by target management are effective in reducing the hazard, thereby prolonging the contest.

1995 American Incentive System Almanac, Don P. Diffine Ph.D.

Belden Center Monographs

No abstract provided.

The Capitalist Color Process - Competition And The Choice Of Technique, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Okishio, N. (1963). A mathematical note on Marxian theorems. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv. Publisher details not identified.

• Schefold, B. (1976, December). Different forms of technical progress. The Economic Journal. Publisher details not identified.

• Shaikh, A. (1995, October). The path of the actual mass of profit [Paper for Eco 204]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1981, February). Conditions for a rising ratio of materialized labor to living labor [Paper for Eco 205]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Juillard, M. (1989, March). The regime of intensive accumulation of the post-war: The case of France and the U.S. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1987, March …

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A Cost-Benefit Analysis For The Implementation Of Lean Logistics To Aircraft Structural Repair At The Air Force Material Command's Warner Robins Air Logistics Center/Depot, Richard J. Ruggiero

Masters Culminating Experiences (1993-2011)

This research conducts a cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of lean logistics to the repair of aircraft structural components at the Air Force Material Command's (AFMC) Warner Robins Air Logistics Center (WR-ALC). A literature review identifies new business practices in the automotive industry, collectively 'termed "lean production," that were translated by the RAND Corporation into a modified Air Force logistics system-- the "lean logistics" model.

Theoretical costs and benefits from the lean logistics model are translated into empirical costs and benefits associated with aircraft structural repair. The cost-benefit analysis results clearly demonstrate that express distribution costs for the sizable aircraft …

Assorted Keynesian Money And Employment Notes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Theory of the firm, dominant economic theory, and aggregate supply and demand [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1993, October 20). Firms operating in real terms [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1993, October 19). Firms operating in expected real terms [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1993, August 28). Endogenous money supply in my “Keynesian” model [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1993, August 25). Endogenous money supply and aggregate budget restraints [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1993, October 9). Outline: Expectations in Keynesian and neoclassical …

Assorted Non-Shaikh 7, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Wojnilower, A. M., Friedman, B. M., & Modigliani, F. (1980). The central role of credit crunches in recent financial history. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1980(2), 277–339.

• Baeza, A. V. (1993). Mean wage differences between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Review of Radical Political Economics, 25(4), 120–132.

• Granger, C. W., Teräsvirta, T., & Anderson, H. M. (1993). Modeling nonlinearity over the business cycle. University of Chicago Press.

• Darin, R., & Hetzel, R. L. (1995). An empirical measure of the real rate of interest. FRB Richmond Economic Quarterly, 81(1), 17–47.

• Cromb, R. (1993). A survey of recent …

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Trade And Wages: Choosing Among Alternative Explanations, Jagdish N. Bhagwati

Faculty Scholarship

The decline in unskilled workers’ real wages during the 1980s in the United States and the increase in their unemployment in Europe (due to the comparative inflexibility of European labor markets vis-à-vis those in the United States) have prompted a search for possible explanations. This search has become more acute with the evidence that the adverse trend for the unskilled has not been mitigated during the 1990s to date.

A favored explanation, indeed the haunting fear, of the unions and of many policymakers is that international trade is a principal source of the pressures that translate into wage decline and/or …

Robert Gordon, The Measurement Of Durable Goods Prices, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Anwar Shaikh. Notes on the measurement of durable goods prices. Unpublished manuscript.
• Robert J. Gordon. 1990. The measurement of durable goods prices. University of Chicago Press.
• Reg Ward. 1992. Book review of The measurement of durable goods prices. The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society.
• Jack E. Triplett. 1993. Book review of The measurement of durable goods prices. Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association.
• Robert J. Gordon. 1995. Measurement errors in the CPI: causes and consequences. Daily Labor Report, The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.

Impact Of Hud Foreclosures On Housing Prices, Thomas Mike Carroll, Terrence M. Clauretie, Helen R. Neill, Cindy Jorgensen

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Missing Links In The Study Of Puerto Rican Poverty In The United States, James Jennings

William Monroe Trotter Institute Publications

This Occasional Paper, based on a presentation to the National Puerto Rican Coalition in Washington, DC, in 1992, proposes some limitations in "quantitative-only" research focusing on Puerto Rican poverty in the United States. An overreliance on quantitative-based analysis, as well as overlooking historical and comparative data, may not allow for a full understanding and awareness of the nature and maintenance of poverty in Puerto Rican communities in the United States. While the presentation acknowledges the importance of sophisticated quantitative research, it implies that joined together with historical and comparative analysis, investigations of Puerto Rican poverty would be vastly improved. An …

Assisting Workers Displaced By Structural Change: An International Perspective, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

Leigh begins by providing a summary of the evolution of labor market programs in seven industrialized countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the U.S. He points out that a number of these nations are dealing with long-term unemployment by linking unemployment insurance benefits to participation in labor market programs, and that this is a requirement U.S. policy makers should examine closely. Leigh also performs informal cross-country evaluations of these countries' programs,focusing on policies he feels merit attention. A three-level active labor market program is then proposed for the U.S.

Pension Incentives And Job Mobility, Alan L. Gustman, Thomas L. Steinmeier

Upjohn Press

Using models developed for this study which incorporate an array of behaviors generally omitted from conventional models relating backloading to turnover, Gustman and Steinmeier find that backloading plays only a slight role in explaining mobility differences associated with pension coverage. They propose that higher wages often paid at pension-covered jobs play a greater role in reducing mobility than do pensions.

Correspondence - Reviews, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection contains:

• Review in German by Wilfried Parys of Shaikh, A., & Tonak, E. A. (1994). Measuring the wealth of nations: The political economy of national accounts. Cambridge University Press, published in Economisch en Sociaal Tijdschrift, No. 2.

• Akram-Lodhi, A. H. (1995). Book review: Measuring the wealth of nations: The political economy of national accounts. Review of Radical Political Economics, 27(4), 125–127.

• Moseley, F. (1995). [Review of Measuring the wealth of nations, by A. M. Shaikh & E. A. Tonak]. Journal of Economic Literature, 33(1), 203–204.

• Kacapyr, E. (1995). Review of Measuring the …

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Income Inequality In Developing Countries, Baindu Banya '95

Honors Projects

Globally, it is reported that the top 1 percent of income recipients receive about 15 percent of worldwide income, and the top 5 percent receive 40 percent of all income. Meanwhile, the poorest 20 percent receive only 1 percent of the global income. This paper attempts to unlock the significant factors that affect income inequality. In 1963, Simon Kuznets derived the inverted U hypothesis from which he inferred that through the course of development, as per capita income increases, initially, income inequality will increase before it starts to improve. Hence he inferred that the trend of income inequality through a …

The Effects Of Subsidies On Public Transit Long-Run Costs, Kofi Obeng, Wayne K. Talley, Christopher Colburn

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper investigates sources of public transit long-run cost increases attributable to transit subsidies. The sources include wage, vehicle capital price and service increases. Service expansion is found to be the major source. Transit cost increases related to subsidies are classified as input price, output and finance effects of these subsidies. Transit costs are more responsive to federal operating subsidies, followed in declining order by local operating, state operating and capital subsidies, respectively.

The Intellectual Property Right Laws Of The People's Republic Of China, Maria H. Ramjerdi

Department of Economics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

As economic development and legal reform continue to explode in the People's Republic of China (China),1 issues surrounding international intellectual property rights protection in China have been propelled to the forefront of Chinese and world politics.2 The primary focus of this Article is to examine the legal reform that has occurred in China in the area of intellectual property rights and the effect that it has had on China and world trade. Thus, this Article will explore the development and enforcement of the intellectual property rights laws of China since 1978. During 1978, the third plenum, under the leadership of …

The Role Of Economic, Management And Public Policy Factors On Post-Contract Conservation Reserve Program Land Use Decisions, Larry L. Janssen, Tecleberhan Ghebremicael

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Most Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts will expire from 1996 to 2001 , directly affecting land use of 36.4 million acres of highly erodible cropland enrolled in this land retirement program. The major objective of this study is to estimate the role of economic, management, and public policy factors on post-contract CRP land use decisions in South Dakota, a Northern Plains state with 2.1 million acres of enrolled land, 10% of the State's cropland base.

The major data source is a 1993 CRP survey sent to a random sample of 8.33 %of South Dakota CRP contract holders and completed by …

In Search Of Empirical Evidence That Links Rent And User Cost, Dixie M. Blackley, James R. Follain

Center for Policy Research

Most models of the rental housing market assume a close linkage between the level of residential rents and the after-tax user cost of rental housing capital. However, little empirical evidence exists to establish the strength of this linkage or the speed with which rents adjust to changes in user cost or tax policy. This paper develops and estimates an econometric model of the rental housing market in order to shed light on both of these issues. United States annual data for 1964 through 1993 are used to generate two-stage least squares estimates of a four equation structural model. Although the …

Using Section 337 Of The Tariff Act Of 1930 To Block Materially Different Gray Market Goods In The Common Control Context: Are Reports Of Its Death Greatly Exaggerated?, Margo A. Bagley

Faculty Articles

This Comment examines the primary reasons for trademark owners within the common control exception to revisit section 337 when faced with materially different gray market goods. Part One discusses the issues in and history of the gray market goods controversy, and the common control exception. Part Two focuses on section 337: how it works, its use in gray market goods cases, and how it has changed as a result of amendments in the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 and in the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994. Part Three traces the changes in the gray market landscape favorable …

Recent Changes In Domestic Accessibility In The Canadian Airline Industry: The Pre- And Post-Deregulation Situation, Ruben Jose De Castro Furtado

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In 1987 the Canadian National Transportation Act was amended. Airlines became free to enter/exit markets as they saw fit, and a network-wide reform of airline services began. This thesis examines the extent of network development since 1970, and attempts to determine the some of the spatial effects of the 1987 deregulation of the airline industry on nodal accessibility. Accessibility is a relative term and difficult to define explicitly. While it can be measured in distance or time, it may also be measured as the frequency of links between places over time. In this thesis the connectivity among places is used …

Causes Of Litigation In Workers' Compensation Programs, Evangelos Mariou Falaris, Charles R. Link, Michael E. Staten

Upjohn Press

By applying econometric analyses to case data from two states, Falaris, Link and Staten identify the economic incentives influencing the probability of litigation in workers' compensation cases, and the probability that a contested case is pursued to verdict.

Program Applicants As A Comparison Group In Evaluating Training Programs: Theory And A Test, Stephen H. Bell, Larry L. Orr, John D. Blomquist, Glen George Cain

Upjohn Press

The authors begin with a thorough assessment of the many nonexperimental employment and training program evaluation techniques based on non-random comparison groups. These techniques typically use econometric methods to estimate the effects of employment and training programs by using comparison groups from non-program "external" sources. Then, recognizing the inherent drawbacks in these methods, Bell, Orr, Blomquist and Cain respond by reintroducing an evaluation method first implemented in the 1960s, the use of "internal" comparison groups consisting of nonparticipating program applicants. These groups include withdrawals, screen-outs and no-shows of the programs being evaluated in order to solve the selection bias problem. …

Estimating The Demand Structure Of Housing Characteristics: A Nonparametric Approach, Christopher Ngai

Honors Papers

The conventional approach has many drawbacks. Follain and Jimenez [1985]discussed many of those in detail. One of which I try to address in this paper is the functional form "pre-selection". As pointed out in the last paragraph, researchers often specify, in one way or another, specific functional forms that embody assumptions about the references of households. This renders researchers much discretion on the underlying relationships that are under studying.

A better approach would be to use nonparametric estimation approach in both stages so as to avoid those unnecessary errors in functional form selection. By nonparametric estimation, it means that the …

A New Era Of Water Quality Management In Agriculture: From Best Management Practices To Watershed-Based Whole Farm Approaches, David E. Ervin

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Why is reducing water pollution from agriculture such a stubbornly slow process? Despite several policy initiatives since the 1970s, farms and ranches rank as the primary contributors to impairments of the nation's surface waters [U.S.EPA, 1994b]. Emerging research also points to agricultural chemicals in many cases of groundwater contamination [Barbash and Resek; Mueller, et al.]. After a little reflection, the industry's negative distinction may not be surprising. Covering nearly half the U.S. land base, crop and livestock production inevitably alter natural vegetative cover, apply fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water, and involve animal wastes. All of these processes can degrade water …

Walrasian Comp, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Walrasian comp and PC [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Roberts, J. (1987). Perfectly and imperfectly competitive markets. In P. Newman (Ed.), The New Palgrave (pp. 1–20). Macmillan.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1995, July 24). Rational expectations and perfect competition [Unpublished paper].

• Moustafa, A. (n.d.). A critique of the theory of perfect competition [Political economy qualifying exam paper].

• Roberts, J. (1987). Perfectly and imperfectly competitive markets [Photocopy of book chapter]. In P. Newman (Ed.), The New Palgrave (pp. 1–20). Macmillan.

• Stigler, G. J. (1957, February). Perfect competition, historically contemplated. The Journal …

Notes On Seminar About Marx, Keynes And, And Kalecki, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes articles from The Wall Street Journal, featuring:

• “Minimum-Wage Jobs Give Many Americans Only a Miserable Life” by Tony Horwitz.

• “The Working Poor: Minimum-Wage Jobs Give Many Only a Miserable, Week-to-Week Existence” by Tony Horwitz.

• “The Effect of Minimum Wage on Jobs Is an Issue That Stirs Endless Debate” by Tony Horwitz (11/12/1993).

Also included are:

• An article from The New York Times titled “An Inflation Illusion? The Latest Fears May Be Groundless in a Global Economy With New Rules” by Louis Uchitelle (3/28/1994).

• An article from The New York Times International titled “Soaring Unemployment Is Spreading …

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Macroeconomics Readings, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• handwritten notes on economic equations
• Hoover, K. D. (1988). The new classical macroeconomics: A sceptical inquiry (Chapter 1, The varieties of macroeconomics). B. Blackwell, with annotations
• annotated pages (pp. 833–835) defining wage flexibility and wage fund doctrine
• the article Ioannou, L. (1995, April). Technology and the free market have created a worldwide reservoir of workers, many of them skilled. International Business
• Zachary, G. P. (1995, February 23). Study predicts rising global joblessness. The Wall Street Journal

New Cross Graphs, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1996, May). New crisis graphs up to 1995 [Handwritten cover note]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Pollack, A. (1995, September 8). Japan reduces a key interest rate to 0.5%. The New York Times. Publisher details not identified.

• Juillard, M. (1989, March). Figure 1: Capital labor ratio and Figure 7: Labor productivity index by department for the case of France and the U.S. [Graphs]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). The falling rate of profit as a cause of long waves [Working paper figures on rate of profit, mass of profit, and actual versus adjusted mass …

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Exchange Rates And The Trade Balance In Argentina And Peru: Is There A J-Curve?, Steven C. Trost

Honors Papers

In this paper, I test whether quarterly data either supports or disproves the existence of such a J-curve in two Latin American countries -- Argentina and Peru. The time periods studied will be: for Peru, 1979 quarter 1 to 1991 quarter 2 and for Argentina, 1977 quarter 1 to 1990 quarter 4. Before completing the empirical part of this paper, I expected to find, if any, only a short deterioration in the trade balance following a depretiation of the real exchange rate in these two countries. With prices as well as other economic indicators changing daily, the reaction times of …