Digital Commons Network^™

Approaches And Tools Of Peace And Conflict Management Between Two Perspectives, Yasmine Z. Radwan

Future Journal of Social Science

This study aims at pointing out the tools of peace and the approaches to conflict management and resolution presented in the Islamic and Western perspectives. It also searches for clarifying the convergent and divergent zones that could help in finding, analyzing and criticizing the basic concepts on which arguments and debates are constructed. This study concluded that the differences between the Islamic and the Western perspective are a human requirement for acquainting and integrating based on a crucial notion, which is identity. Identity is treated in details in many discourses and occupies a large place in the Western literature on …

Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program Draft Guidance, Fred Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharmd, Paula Chaves Da Silva Ph.D.

CISI Publication

This comment focuses on Section 50.1, provisions 1 & 3 of the draft guidance regarding the negotiation of a “maximum fair price” under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), research and development (R&D) costs of the primary manufacturer, and prior federal financial support for novel therapeutic discovery and development. Specifically, we argue that a negotiated, “maximum fair price” must consider both public sector (federal) and private sector (manufacturer) investments and provide returns to both commensurate with the scale and risk of their investments. This comment addresses three issues and makes specific recommendations regarding each:

1. In negotiating a “maximum fair price,” both …

Cross-Exchange Crypto Risk: A High-Frequency Dynamic Network Perspective, Yifu Wang, Wanbo Lu, Min-Bin Liu, Rui Ren, Wolfgang Karl Hardle

Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics

Cross-exchange crypto trading presents inherent risks, particularly for centralized exchanges. Investors observe exacerbating crypto volatility and counterparty risk and would like to quantify these elements of crypto trades. The multiple exchanges require a multivariate view on the structures of risk spillover across exchanges. Here, a Multivariate Heterogeneous AutoRegression (MHAR) model is designed and analyzed, accommodating the stylized facts of crypto markets, including 24/7 trading and the long-memory effect on return variations. The proposed MHAR approach clearly reveals the intensity of interconnectedness among exchanges during extreme events, e.g., the Bitcoin market. Additionally, one observes extremely volatile eigenvector centralities of Futures Exchange …

The Effects Of Gender-Based Occupational Segregation On Women's Earnings In The United States And Canada, Jadyn G. Milius

Proceedings of the Jepson Undergraduate Conference on International Economics

The gender wage gap continues to prove a contentious topic with some going as far as to question its existence. However, scholarly works continue to prove it is real and impactful. More fruitful debates have arisen about the source of this disparity in wages. This paper seeks to analyze one possible explanation for the pay gap: gender-based occupational segregation. I used OLS regressions based on women working full-time between the ages of sixteen and sixty-five to measure this. I find a negative effect of segregated occupations on women’s earnings across countries and years. On a similar note, the percentage of …

An Analysis Of Employment Status Determinants Among Immigrants, Edina Tahirovic

Proceedings of the Jepson Undergraduate Conference on International Economics

When examining the United States economy, it is crucial to consider the immigrant population within the labor force. This paper analyzes the determinants of employment status among immigrants. A logistic regression analysis was conducted using data collected across the United States to identify possible explanations for the observed variations. In this model, I selected variables based on past research and theories that indicated their significance. To explain immigrant employment status, I tested variables including sex, age, race, citizenship, years in the United States, English proficiency, and educational attainment. The results show that some variables are statistically significant; however, there are …

Hiv Estimation Using Population-Based Surveys With Non-Response: A Partial Identification Approach, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Tomoki Fujii, Denis H. Y. Leung, Siyu Li

Research Collection School Of Economics

HIV estimation using data from the demographic and health surveys (DHS) is limited by the presence of non-response and test refusals. Conventional adjustments such as imputation require the data to be missing at random. Methods that use instrumental variables allow the possibility that prevalence is different between the respondents and non-respondents, but their performance depends critically on the validity of the instrument. Using Manski's partial identification approach, we form instrumental variable bounds for HIV prevalence from a pool of candidate instruments. Our method does not require all candidate instruments to be valid. We use a simulation study to evaluate and …

Determinants Of Women’S Fertility Rates In The U.S., Kelle Bormann

Proceedings of the Jepson Undergraduate Conference on International Economics

Fertility rates have long been a subject of extensive research. In our constantly evolving world, economists have examined these rates across different times and regions to understand how cultural and economic factors influence women’s fertility. This paper analyzes historically significant factors to determine if their impact has changed over time, aiming to inform policies addressing the declining fertility trend. Data from the IPUMS USA 2021 census was used, estimated through a logit odds ratio regression with robust standard errors, and analyzed at the ten, five, and one percent significance levels. The findings indicate that the age of the youngest child …

Saved By Naloxone: The Path To Sobriety?, Marli Rose-Firillo Fichtner

Theses and Dissertations

Beginning in the early 2000s, lawmakers sought to mitigate harm and reduce mortality rates by enacting various policies and increasing community outreach, such as educating society about the dangers of opioids. These efforts can be divided into two broad categories: Drug use prevention and harm reduction. Research has been conducted on both of these strategies, utilizing retrospective analysis on outcomes including crime and mortality, among others. It is of great interest to understand which policies are most effective. NALs are an example of harm reduction because they reverse overdoses should they occur. Preemptive naloxone distribution reduces the likelihood of fatal …

Contributors

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Inefficiencies Of Carbon Trading Markets, Nicola Borri, Yukun Liu, Aleh Tsyvinski, Xi Wu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The European Union Emission Trading System is a prominent market-based mechanism to reduce emissions. While the theory is well-understood, we are the first to study the whole cap-and-trade mechanism as a financial market. Analyzing the universe of transactions in 2005-2020 (more than one million records of granular transaction data), we show that this market features significant inefficiencies undermining its goals. First, about 40% of firms never trade in a given year. Second, many firms only trade during surrendering months, when compliance is immediate and prices are predictably high. Third, a number of operators engage in speculative trading, exploiting private information.

Testing For Spatial Correlation Under A Complete Bipartite Network, Badi H. Baltagi, Long Liu

Center for Policy Research

This note shows that for a spatial regression with a weight matrix depicting a complete bipartite network, the Moran I test for zero spatial correlation is never rejected when the alternative is positive spatial correlation no matter how large the true value of the spatial correlation coefficient. In contrast, the null hypothesis of zero spatial correlation is always rejected (with probability one asymptotically) when the alternative is negative spatial correlation and the true value of the spatial correlation coefficient is near -1.

Spatial Microsimulation Of Carbon Tax Incidence: An Application To Washington State, Nathan W. Chan, Susan Stratton Sayre

Economics: Faculty Publications

Understanding carbon tax incidence is critical. However, standard approaches for calculating the incidence of subnational policies are prone to inaccuracy due to coarse aggregation. We evaluate an alternative approach: a spatial microsimulation (SMS) method that generates granular household-level incidence estimates. SMS provides unique and more nuanced insights into the distributional consequences of carbon taxes, including across geographies. We demonstrate this method for a recent carbon tax initiative in Washington State and counterfactual variations on its revenue recycling provisions. Comparing across counterfactuals, we pinpoint how different targeting provisions in revenue recycling designs will have disparate consequences for the progressivity/regressivity of the …

Mathematical Methods For Economics And Business Syllabus, Marian Melnyk

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus outlines an online asynchronous course introducing essential mathematical tools and techniques in economics. It spans 24 sessions covering Functions, Differentiation, Limits, Integration, and Multivariable Functions, grounded in college algebra and calculus. The course utilizes Open Educational Resources (OER) for all materials, available in text and video formats on Blackboard. Continuous assessment, including quizzes, homework, two 1-hour tests, and a final exam, ensures consistent progress. Weekly online office hours provide additional support. The primary objective is to equip students with the mathematical skills necessary for economic analysis and problem-solving.

The Role Of Social Capital In A Fishing Community’S Adaptation To Climate Change, Endah Saptutyningsih, Romi Bhakti Hartarto, Wanggi Jaung

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Climate change threatens the livelihoods of many communities around the world, including fishing communities. Low catches of fish caused by climate change may have devastating impacts on fishing communities, particularly on those poor communities with a lack of preparation for climate change adaptation. This study investigates how social capital influences fishermen’s support for climate change adaptation. We conducted a contingent valuation survey in a fishing community vulnerable to climate change in Lamongan, Indonesia. Our study results reveal that fishermen’s trust in a person and their community involvement played significant roles in their support for climate change adaptation. These study findings …

Essays On The Societal Impacts Of Housing Programs And Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Rex W. Sitti

Economics ETDs

I present three essays that contribute to understanding the secondary costs and benefits associated with programs that address homelessness and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. The first essay investigates whether homeless shelters impact property values. Despite anecdotal claims of property devaluation, endogeneity challenges limit empirical research on homelessness programs. Using data from the Department of Housing (HUD) and Seattle’s King County Department of Assessment, I address these challenges using spatial difference-in-differences methodology, revealing nuanced effects favoring permanent supportive housing. The second essay leverages the Built for Zero program to examine the link between homelessness and crime. Analyzing HUD and crime …

Actions Taken At Firm-Level To Mitigate The Adverse Impacts Of Climate Risk, Deepak G. More

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation comprises of two essays on actions taken at firm-level to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate risk. Our first essay documents a positive relation between firm-level climate change exposure (CCE) and long-term tax avoidance. Our results suggest that firms use tax avoidance to mitigate the adverse impacts of CCE. The positive effect of CCE on tax avoidance is stronger post the release of Stern Review and weaker after the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, 2017. Our study is the first to show that firms with high CCE use tax avoidance to increase cash holdings as …

Two Essays On Corporate Finance. The Impact Of Ceo Cultural Heritage And Corporate Decision Making, Md Showaib Rahman Sarker

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation consists of two essays that investigate the effect of CEOs’ cultural heritage on corporate decision-making. In the first essay, I examine the impact of CEOs’ cultural heritage on corporate social responsibility (CSR). I present empirical evidence that CEOs originating from countries with high power distance, more uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation have high CSR scores, while those from individualistic and indulgent cultures have low CSR scores. This effect lasts up to three generations before it disappears due to acculturation. These results are robust to using propensity score matching, entropy balancing, and Oster’s test to address endogeneity and selection …

Direct And Indirect Taxes In Pollution Dynamics, Vladimir Smirnyagin, Aleh Tsyvinski, Xi Wu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Analyzing the universe of federal environmental regulations in the U.S., we construct a measure of regulations—direct taxes on pollution. Analyzing the universe of firms’ investor disclosures, we construct a measure of material environmental concerns—indirect taxes on pollution. These two empirical measures are new to the environmental regulations literature. Thirdly, we document an important new fact that the cross-sectional distribution of pollution changes is lumpy. We build a dynamic heterogeneous firm model with non-convex adjustment costs that fits the cross-sectional pollution evidence. The model explains half of the pollution decline in U.S. manufacturing over the last two decades due to direct …

Mexico Consensus Economic Forecast, Volume 27, Number 3, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Steven L. Fullerton

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Catastrophic Medical Insurance On Healthcare Service Utilization And Quality, Ruiqi Ding

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

China implemented catastrophic medical insurance (CMI) program to provide additional reimbursement for individuals requiring extensive healthcare services due to severe illnesses. This study empirically assesses the impact of the CMI program on the healthcare utilization and quality of care for severely ill patients, using medical insurance claim data from 2012 to 2018 in a capital city in China. The analysis yields the following conclusions: First, CMI decreased the medical expenditure of severe patients, but it had no impact on alleviating the financial burden. Second, CMI curbed abuse and saved medical resources, and in the meantime, it increased the use of …

Essays On Estimating Firm-Level Production Function With Spatial Dependence, Bo Lin Ng

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

This dissertation consists of two chapters on the estimation of firm-level production functions when spatial effects are present. In joint work with Pao-Li Chang, chapter 1 focuses on the impacts of global value chains (GVC) on the firm-level outcomes of Singapore. First, we quantify Singapore’s participation in global value chains (GVC) using the export decomposition framework of Borin and Mancini (2019), before using these indicators to analyse how GVC participation affects sectoral-level valueadded and employment. We find that gross exports and foreign final demand have become more important for Singapore’s value-added, largely driven by the Services sectors. We then use …

Centralized Finance And Decentralized Finance, Leili Pour Rostami

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores different facets of financial markets, focusing on the interplay between decentralized finance, traditional banking systems, and private market relationship lending. By examining these diverse areas, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how emerging financial instruments and market behaviors interact with traditional financial systems. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) offers an escape from the challenges of centralized finance (CeFi). The first essay explores whether and how returns on DeFi instruments, particularly cryptocurrencies, manage to evade the traditional “rules” in response to exogenous central bank monetary policy shocks. The findings reveal that crypto abnormal returns decline significantly with shocks, …

"Ain’T No Slump...I Just Ain’T Hittin’": Investigating Psychological Momentum And Loss Aversion In Major League Baseball, Josephine Matalone

Theses and Dissertations

Throughout the history of America’s pastime, it has long been concluded among fans, athletes, and coaches alike that momentum is a key element necessary should one want to win when it counts. However, this issue of “hot hand” existence in the context of baseball has been largely glazed over since the canon of literature on the topic was initiated, and even more so has the concept of a “cold hand.” This study seeks to make a novel contribution by exploring streaks in professional baseball. Using 10-years’ worth of regular season MLB data between 2012 and 2021, a comparative analysis of …

Essays In Labor Economics, Inclusion, And Diversity, Saharnaz Babaei Balderlou

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents a comprehensive analysis of various teacher staffing policies and their impact on teacher retention and turnover. It comprises three studies, each addressing a unique aspect of teacher staffing challenges in the United States and in South Carolina. Chapter 2 investigates how different salary structures (frontloading vs. backloading) affect teacher turnover in South Carolina. Using a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach and data from FY2014 to FY2023, the study finds that frontloading salary schedules do not significantly impact overall teacher turnover, with negligible effects on novice teachers. However, the impact varies with district characteristics: specifically, frontloading may reduce turnover in …

Modal Sosial Keagamaan Dan Partisipasi Perempuan Muslim Indonesia Dalam Perburuhan, Rahma Nida, Yunisvita Yunisvita, Gustriani Gustriani

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

In recent years, the muslim majority countries’ focus on women’s labor force participation has grown, particularly Indonesia which stands out with its high female labor force participation rate. We aim to shed light on the relationship between religion and work decisions in Indonesia, employing data from the World Value Survey and utilizing logistic regression analysis. Our findings reveal that active participation in religious activities positively affects muslim women’s likelihood of working part-time and in the agricultural sector. Through the results, policymakers and relevant stakeholders can consider leveraging religious organizations as potential channels for promoting women’s labor force participation.

Exchange Rates And Fundamentals In Developed And Emerging Markets, Rocky K. Laurel

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper investigates the relationship between exchange rates on the one hand and money supply and real output on the other, then compares the relationship in developed and emerging markets. It tests the validity of the flexible price monetary model using in-sample analysis to determine if there are long-term relationships among the variables and out-of-sample analysis to compare the predictive performance of the model against a random walk. It finds evidence for a relationship as predicted by the model, contrary to long-standing findings of no relationship. It also finds some evidence that foreign exchange rates of emerging markets are more …

Editor’S Note

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Measuring The Effects Of Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools Under Adaptive Learning, Stephen J. Cole, Sungjun Huh

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

We compare the economic effects of forward guidance and quantitative easing utilizing the four-equation New Keynesian model of Sims et al. (2023) with agents forming expectations via an adaptive learning rule. The results indicate forward guidance can have a greater influence on macroeconomic variables compared to quantitative easing. Adaptive learning agents estimate a higher effect of forward guidance on the economy leading to a greater impact on expectations, and thus, contemporaneous inflation. However, the performance gap between forward guidance and quantitative easing can change. If quantitative easing includes anticipated shocks, more households finance consumption through long-term borrowing, and the central …

Health Insurance And The Rise Of Women: Evidence From The New Cooperative Medical Scheme, Xingyu Bai

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Females are traditionally viewed as the primary providers of informal parental care in China, especially in rural areas. We investigate whether health insurance coverage in rural China, the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), can unleash more female labor force participation by reducing the burden of informal parental care. Employing a heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences estimation, we find that the NCMS has a significant positive impact on female labor supply, primarily in non-farm occupations. In contrast, we observe no significant changes in male labor supply. We explore the mechanism by showing that the NCMS significantly decreases both the provision and demand for parental …

Transportation, Healthcare Seeking, And Outcomes, Xiao Lin Ong

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Advancements in engineering and transportation technology have integrated commuting into modern living. Most studies on transportation infrastructure, such as roads and railways, focus on economic outcomes. This paper examines an overlooked outcome of transportation connectivity: access to medical care. We study the role transportation networks play in determining patients’ treatment location choices. Specifically, we aim to study 1) why patients travel to begin with, 2) how do patients choose where to go for treatment, and 3) how travel times can affect patients’ travel decisions. To do so, we develop a dynamic discrete choice, spatial model and provide empirical estimates. We …