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Strategi Pemenuhan Pemeriksa Di Lembaga Internasional Pada Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Afrizal Afrizal

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This research aims to analyze the factors that are considered in the selection of auditors in carrying out audit assignments in international institutions and formulate strategies for the fulfillment of employees for audits in international institutions at The Audit Board of The Republic of Indonesia. The research was carried out at the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia at the Human Resources Bureau. This research is intended to formulate more effective and efficient policies in human resource management, especially the management of auditors in The Audit Board of The Republic of Indonesia.

The author uses several theories related to …

Between The Satirical And The Sectarian: Review Of The Film Kneecap (2024), Alan Bradshaw

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Protection Of Trade Secrets In Global Markets And International Business: Implications For Labor Relations, Oleg M. Yaroshenko, Oleksii Tykhonovych, Yaroslav Kostohryz, Yuliia Ivchuk, Dmytro Sirokha

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

Against the background of globalization and the constant evolution of economic relations, the protection of trade secrets in labor relations becomes a necessity to ensure the sustainable competitiveness of enterprises in the international market. This article analyzes the multifaceted dimensions of trade secret protection, covering global business strategies, intercultural labor practices, international economic relations, and public policy fundamentals. Through the analysis of international agreements such as the TRIPS Agreement and the European Union Directive on Non-Competition Provisions, the article explores how various legal systems address trade secrets in labor relations, emphasizing the need for global harmonization. It also considers cultural …

Institutions Matter: How So?, Alper Duman

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

This paper examines the influential theory of Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson (AJR) on the role of institutions in economic development, highlighting its strengths, limitations, and areas for further research. A central contribution of their work is the emphasis on power and conflict in institutional formation and change.

The theory's focus on the interplay between inequality, political power, and institutional change provides a valuable framework for understanding development trajectories. This paper also considers critiques of AJR's work, including the lack of robustness of the positive correlation between inclusive institutions and economic performance in lower-income countries and the significant …

Potential Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Small And Medium Enterprises Innovation In The Eu: A Perspective From Poland, Malgorzata Wilczynska, Alina Walenia, Artur Dabek, Daniel Salabura, Halina Kot

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

The development of small and medium-sized enterprises is a complex process that requires the use of all approaches to achieve success. In this regard, finding opportunities to use artificial intelligence in such companies is of great importance. The study aims to assess how this technology affects the innovation and financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. To draw the main conclusions, the implementation of artificial intelligence at Polish enterprises, including in the context of their financial performance, namely the level of return on assets and the level of debt, was analysed. The study showed that the introduction of artificial intelligence …

Working Paper No. 96, Swedish Social Democracy And The ‘Meidner’ Plan, Aden Quenemoen

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that what became known as the “Meidner Plan” should be understood as an attempt to resolve contradictions within Swedish Social Democracy through promoting collective ownership. This thesis is demonstrated through a three-part structure. To elucidate the contradictions that gave rise to this policy proposal, part one situates Swedish Social Democracy within the broader social democratic tradition before analyzing its historical development as an economic model. Part two investigates the development of the Meidner Plan as an effort to address these contradictions, analyzing its theory, design, and transformative implications. Finally, part three examines the opposition that …

Essays In Economic Theory, Kohei Yamagata

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three theoretical analyses. In the first chapter "Who Takes Responsibility and Preventive Action? Centralized vs. Decentralized Risk Management in an Organization with Heterogeneous Agents," we investigate the optimal allocation of risk management responsibilities in organizations with multiple agents possessing heterogeneous preventive action costs. Extending the principal-agent framework to a multi-agent context, we analyze how a manager and agents choose preventive efforts to mitigate risks. Two scenarios are considered: (1) centralized risk management, where the manager bears all expected damages, and (2) decentralized risk management, where agents bear their own damages. Our findings show that centralized risk …

Monetary Policy In Good Times And In Bad: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan, Haider Ali

CBER Conference

A significant body of literature explores and establishes the impact of monetary policy on output and prices, at least in the short run. However, the subsequent question is whether this effect is symmetric concerning the various states of the economy (see, Tenreyro and Thwaites, 2016; Bernstein, 2021; Eichenbaum et al., 2022; among others). This study contributes to the literature on state-dependent (non-linear) effects of unanticipated monetary policy shocks according to two important features of the economy. The amount of slack in the economy and the amount of the public-sector footprint in the market. Evaluating state-dependent effects is crucial because assuming …

A Review On Fiscal And Debt Policies In Pakistan, Karim Khan

CBER Conference

Pakistan has been pursuing an active albeit expansionary fiscal policy since 1970s. In the mid1970s to early-1980s, such policy choice was manifested in externally financed development spending, primarily in the form of investment in public enterprises. Despite excessive deficit financing, Pakistan’s economic performance never took off; rather, it remained on a path of truncated growth which, in turn, created structural hurdles like low productivity, poor investment climate, and higher unemployment. Likewise, deficit financing has been threatening the sustainability of fiscal framework as excessive public spending is not accompanied by corresponding enhances in domestic revenues. Consequently, these policies have caused persistence …

Authoritarian Legality Of Sifc: An Inquiry Into The Dual State And Economic Decision Making In Pakistan, Hassan Zaheer

CBER Conference

Pakistan is no stranger to the union of authoritarianism with its economic decision-making. From the grand designs of Ayub Khan’s industrialization to Bhutto’s nationalization to Zia’s privatization, the country has been practically a laboratory of authoritarian experimentation over nature and the processes of the national economy. However, certain ideas have been coherent throughout time and space when it comes to the fusion of authoritarian law, arbitrary power, and economic decisions. These ideas have historically shaped the fusion of authoritarian power with economic decisions in the country. Resultantly, the authoritarian legality approach establishes a Dual-State in Pakistan by undermining normative processes …

Pros And Cons Of Debt Financing: An Objective Analysis, Anwar Shah

CBER Conference

Debt financing plays an important role in the modern financial system. It is claimed that the interest rate equilibrates demand and supply in the loanable funds markets and helps in the efficient allocation of financial capital. It is also claimed that interest rates simply break up investment risk to suit the requirements of lenders and users of funds. However, the occurrence of the Global Recession in 2008 due to excessive debt financing in real estate (mortgage loans) and the resemblance of interest rate with usury requires investigation of the other side of debt financing. This paper aims to fill this …

Fiscal Decentralization And Education Index; Evidence From Punjab Pakistan, Noor Ahmed

CBER Conference

Disparities in the distribution of public services have persisted throughout Pakistan's history. Current research on regional development has stressed the need of evaluating human development phenomena using spatial models such as density, locality, and distance. The study investigates how fiscal decentralization influences the education index at the district level in Pakistan's Punjab province. The research is based on the education index, which has five components. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) integrates these variables to provide a final education index. The study's findings revealed that the significant positive effects of fiscal decentralization on the education index at the district level depend …

Economic Analysis Of Hiv/Aids Treatment Costs And Policies In The U.S. And Canada, William Cramer '28

Best First-Year Seminar Writing

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Multilateral Aid On Female Access To Education And Employment: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Of World Bank (Wb) Aid Projects In Pakistan, Muhammad Ashar Khan, Zashir Naqvi, Saba Nisar Soomro

CBER Conference

Since becoming a member in 1950, Pakistan has received around $40 Billion in development assistance from the World Bank (World Bank, 2023). The current portfolio under the ongoing assistance program includes 58 projects, amounting to about $15 Billion across different provinces and districts (World Bank, 2023). A number of these projects, especially pertaining to economic inclusion, are centered around fostering women's empowerment for sustainable and inclusive economic growth and ending extreme poverty in developing countries. According to WB’s “Gender Strategy 2030”, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 5, one key feature of its assistance is to help overcome “resource” and …

Digital Bodyguards: Experimental Evidence On The Role Of Personal Safety On Mobility And Empowerment, Fareena Noor Malhi, Sheheryar Banuri, Zehra Aftab

CBER Conference

This research paper examines the impact of the Women Safety App (WSA) on female mobility in urban Lahore, Pakistan. Through a randomized field experiment targeting lower middle-income households, we evaluate the effectiveness of the WSA in reshaping gender safety perceptions and increasing female presence in public spaces. The intervention includes comprehensive training and awareness sessions, followed by the download and registration of the app on participants' smartphones. Data collected from 319 working-age women reveal significant improvements in mobility patterns and safety perceptions postintervention. Our preliminary findings indicate the intervention significantly impacts extensive margin, increasing the time spent travelling. Further it …

Leadership Awakening: Shifting Towards Eco-Consciousness Through Psychedelics, Ladana Edwards

Journal of Conscious Evolution

Corporate leaders, wielding influence and decision-making power over world resources and capital, are key drivers of systemic change to address current social, economic, and ecological crises. To address the myriad complex and interdependent crises, a transformative shift in consciousness is required in leaders and leadership teams, from ego-consciousness towards eco-consciousness, which can be supported through psychedelic experiences. Shifting towards eco-consciousness can facilitate holistic decision making and an expanded sense of leadership responsibility to the planet and all its inhabitants—ultimately supporting the creation of healthier eco-nomics in our Earth community.

Shifts towards leadership eco-consciousness have the potential to open up space …

4th Annual International Conference Proceedings: Rethinking Economics In The Contemporary World, Centre For Business And Economic Research (Cber), School Of Economics And Social Sciences (Sess)

Conference Proceedings

The School of Economics and Social Sciences (SESS), through the Department of Economics and the Center for Business and Economics Research (CBER), opens the call for papers for its fourth international conference: Rethinking Economics in the Contemporary World.

The development of technology, the immediate effects of climate change, complex geopolitical situations, substantial migration, rapid urbanization, increasing income inequality, the emergence of digital economies, and global health crises have all amplified uncertainties and accelerated changes in the economic landscape, underscoring the imperative for better insights and new perspectives in economics profession. This year's conference recognizes the new paradigms and shifts in …

Forecasting Crime Rates Utilizing Machine Learning And Economic Indicators, Owen Miller

Honors Projects

Abstract: The following project utilized the correlation between economic indicators and crime rates to build tree-based machine learning algorithms that predict monthly crime rates in Ohio. The goal of the study was to answer how economic variables could be used in forecasting county level crime rates. A sample of 9 counties were utilized in building regression trees, random forests and evolutionary random forest models. The study concluded that lagged crime rates provided the best predictive ability in forecasting models, while economic variables provided more accuracy to property crime. The study could be furthered by creating models at the department level …

Medicare To Veterans Affairs Cost Shifting-A Challenging Conundrum, Kenneth W. Kizer, Said A. Ibrahim

JeffMD Academic Affairs

No abstract provided.

Distributional Impacts Of The Changing Retail Landscape, Yue Cao, Judith A. Chevalier, Jessie Handbury, Hayden Parsley, Kevin R. Williams

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A common tactic to estimate willingness-to-travel exploits variation in the relative proximity of consumers to supplier locations. The validity of these estimates relies on the exogeneity of that consumer-supplier distance. We argue that distance to suppliers is endogenous because suppliers strategically choose locations to target consumers; we introduce a novel instrument to address this form of endogeneity. Using geolocation data from millions of smartphones, we estimate consumer preferences for specific retail chains across income groups and regions. We show that accounting for distance endogeneity significantly alters willingness-to-travel measures. Contrary to the prevailing “retail apocalypse” narrative, we find that consumer surplus …

Breaking The Yoke: A Systematic Unmasking Of Challenges To Sustainable Rural Development In South Sudan, Gai Chol Paul

Journal of Sustainable Social Impact

South Sudan, a young nation grappling with the legacy of protracted conflict, faces significant challenges in fostering sustainable rural development. While the immense potential of its vast agricultural lands remains largely untapped, the persistent triple threat of insecurity, deficient infrastructure, and the absence of robust government policy actively hinders progress. The ongoing armed conflict, characterized by inter-communal violence and sporadic attacks, casts a long shadow over rural areas in South Sudan. Thus, I developed this mixed-method multiple-case study, grounded in the sustainable livelihoods framework, to explore challenges that hinder sustainable rural development in South Sudan. I collected data through document …

Empowering Egyptian Women Through Social Media: A Comparative Analysis Of Economic Sustainability Campaigns By Banks On Facebook, Dr. Noura Eissa

Future Journal of Social Science

This comparative analytical study examines how Egyptian banks use Facebook to promote women’s economic empowerment by bridging between the disciples of economics, social media marketing, and gender studies. Media messages can substantially influence societal norms and perceptions of women's economic empowerment, leading them to open bank accounts and access services such as loans, credit cards, and online banking. The two banks under study are Banque Misr, a leading state-owned bank, and Commercial International Bank, which has international affiliations. The study employs a content analysis to evaluate Facebook messages published by these banks targeting women by exploring the appeals used, the …

Leveraging Green Strategies Within Blockchain Technology For Climate Justice And Displacement Management In Developing Countries: A Comparative Study Between Egypt And Germany (2010-2024), Alaa Owis Seddik Ms

Future Journal of Social Science

Climate change is a significant global issue of the 21st century, disproportionately affecting

developing countries despite their minimal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. This

discrepancy has brought climate justice to the forefront as an important concept, emphasizing

equitable support and protection for vulnerable populations. Concurrently, blockchain

technology, combined with green strategies, offers potential solutions to enhance transparency,

efficiency, and accountability in various sectors, including climate justice and displacement

management. This research hypothesizes that the integration of blockchain technology with

green strategies can lead to enhanced climate justice, and more effective displacement

management, and provide a model for developing countries like …

Research Report: Housing, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, Katelyn Larson, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

Executive summary

Most rural Nebraskans support a variety of housing programs and priorities. The support for these various programs was similar to that found in 2016. At least three-quarters of rural Nebraskans would somewhat support or strongly support the following in their community: developing programs to help seniors age in their current home; offering low-interest loans or grants for repair, rehabilitation or home improvement; providing affordable rental housing; establishing a local program that would purchase and remove dilapidated houses making lots available for building; developing senior housing; purchasing, rehabilitating and reselling vacant housing; and establishing a local program that would …

Conference Proceedings: Fourth Annual International Conference: Rethinking Economics In The Contemporary World, Shumaila Omar [Editor], Uzair Arif [Ed.], Tabeer E Zehra [Ed.], Sania Zehra [Ed.], Tooba Zaheer [Ed.]

IBA Press

The 4th Annual International Conference on Rethinking Economics, organized by the Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Karachi, provided a dynamic platform for academics, practitioners, and policymakers to explore diverse themes shaping the global economic landscape. The conference highlighted critical issues such as digital transformation, urban infrastructure, environmental challenges, monetary and fiscal policy, and human development. This collection is an amalgamation of abstracts from the papers presented at the conference.

Perceived Problem, Partnership, And Training Effect On Productivity And Export: Evidence From Micro And Small Manufacturing Firms In Indonesia, Rifai Afin

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The primary objectives of this study are threefold: first, to investigate whether the challenges faced by micro and small industries motivate them to enter into partnerships; second, to assess the impact of partnerships on company productivity; and third, to explore the causal relationship between productivity and exports. We aim to determine whether productivity influences exports and vice versa or if a two-way relationship exists. The data used in this study consists of annual survey data from micro and small manufacturing companies, randomly collected by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2015, with a total sample of 58,290 observations. The methodologies …

Financial Inclusion In Indonesia: An Analysis Of Determinants Of Bank Account Ownership And Credit Access At Individual And Regional Levels, Rindi Ardika Melsalasa Sahputri, Sujarwoto Sujarwoto, Septiana Sihombing, Muhamad Galy Njoman

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Financial inclusion is widely recognized as a key driver of economic prosperity, yet many countries face considerable challenges in achieving it. This study empirically explores financial inclusion in Indonesia, focusing on bank account ownership and credit access, with the primary objective of identifying their determinants through a comparison of individual- and regional-level factors. Individual-level factors cover sociodemographic characteristics, poverty, and income inequality, while regional-level factors include regional economic development and financial infrastructure. Data were sourced from the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) and the Village Potential Survey (PODES), consisting of 804,703 samples across 514 districts. A multilevel regression approach, using Generalized …

Spillover Effects And Political Yardstick Competition In Local Public Spending In Indonesia, Muhammad Reyhan Akbar, Bagdja Muljarijadi

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study aims to test the presence of spillover effects and political yardstick competition in both mandatory and discretionary spending among local governments in Indonesia. A spatial econometrics model was employed to evaluate data from 410 districts/municipalities in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018. The findings confirm spillover effects in spending decisions among local governments. The empirical analysis also reveals that political factors drive horizontal interactions in mandatory spending, while such influences are absent in discretionary spending.

The Importance Of The Safety Net Program For Informal Workers’ Food Security Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia, Rodhiah Umaroh, Amirusholihin Amirusholihin, Yuliawati Yuliawati

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study examines the effects of social safety-net programs on food security among vulnerable groups, focusing on households with informal workers. Utilizing data from the High-Frequency Monitoring of the COVID-19 Impacts 2020 (HiFy) and estimates with the Longitudinal Propensity Score Matching (LPSM) method, the findings reveal that cash and food assistance significantly reduce food insecurity among informal workers’ households. The households receiving these safety net programs experienced an 8–11% lower probability of food insecurity compared to non-recipients, as indicated by the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) value. The study highlights the need for continued investment in inclusive and …

Research Report: Artificial Intelligence, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, Katelyn Larson, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

Some rural Nebraskans have used artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Just over one-quarter have used any AI tool. However, most younger persons have used AI tools.

Given that, it is not surprising that most rural Nebraskans are not at all or slightly informed about artificial intelligence. Just over one-third are moderately informed about AI, and just over one in ten are either very or extremely informed about AI.

Most rural Nebraskans are either not at all or slightly confident that AI is being used in the best interest of the public. Just over one-half are not at all confident that it …