Digital Commons Network^™

Long-Run Effects Of H-1b Immigration On The U.S. Economy, Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Ahmet Gulak, Jens Hainmueller

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study the effects of H-1B immigration on U.S. industries that employ H-1B workers and their trading partners. Using a novel cross-industry design and the 1999–2003 expansion of the H-1B visa cap for identification, we find that H-1B exposure raised incomes for natives and pre-existing immigrants, with gains concentrated in non-STEM occupations. Income gains propagate forward through supply chains to downstream industries but not backward to upstream industries, consistent with a productivity shock rather than a labor supply shock. We find no direct effect on patenting, suggesting that productivity gains arise from better task execution rather than patentable invention.

Essays In Applied Microeconomics, Md Tahmeed Hossain

Economics Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation contributes to empirical economics research by examining three settings in which historical shocks, behavioral constraints, and localized public events affect social relations, decision quality, and public safety. The first chapter examines the persistence of historical religious conflict in contemporary Hindu–Muslim relations in India. The second chapter studies how time pressure affects decision quality in online chess. The third chapter analyzes the localized traffic-safety externalities of NFL game days. Across these settings, the dissertation uses large-scale data and quasi-experimental research designs to distinguish causal effects from selection, spatial concentration, and persistent local conditions.

The first chapter asks whether historical …

Essays In Whistleblowing, Crime, And Experimental Economics, Danielle Nickeisha Purcell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation comprises three essays on how institutional strength, enforcement practices, and cognitive load affect behavior. The first essay presents a laboratory experiment that varies the extent to which an individual in a position of authority can interfere with the outcome of whistleblowing, holding all other monetary incentives fixed. Strengthening institutions raises whistleblowing rates, lowers theft, and reduces the rate of bribe offers, while leaving authorities’ acceptance of bribes unchanged when they face no punishment for accepting them. The second essay studies the end of stop and frisk in Chicago following the 2015 ACLU-CPD settlement agreement, which cut annual investigatory …

Impacts Of Climate Hazards On Employment And Earnings By Hazard Type, Industry, Race, And Ethnicity, Dania V. Francis, Keren M. Horn

Sustainable Solutions Lab

We examine the relationship between climate-related disasters and subsequent county-level aggregate employment and earnings. We combine earnings and employment data from 2000 to 2023 with data on disasters to estimate local projection impulse response functions relating extreme disaster events to cumulative percent changes in employment and earnings. On average, disasters appear to reduce employment growth three to five years post disaster. There are small positive impacts on earnings. These results are largely driven by responses to hurricanes and tropical storms. Key rebuilding industries such as construction see short-term gains in employment that turn to losses in the longer-term that are …

Pengaruh Program Indonesia Pintar (Pip) Terhadap Angka Putus Sekolah (Apts) Di Indonesia, Hening Indreswari, Thia Jasmina

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) is a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) provided by the government to improve access for poor students aged 6–21 years and prevent school dropout. The dropout rate (APTS) at the Senior High School (SMA) level is the highest among levels. Although SMA management was delegated to provincial governments in 2017, examining PIP’s effect at the district/city level remains important because PIP involves central and local governments and schools. This study uses a Fixed Effect method with panel data from 514 districts/cities during 2020–2022. Results show that PIP has no significant effect on APTS at SMA level.

Analisis Environmental Kuznets Curve Dan Foreign Direct Investment Di Sulawesi, Fadel Firmansyah, Meity Ferdiana Paskual, Laendatu Paembonan, Musdayati Musdayati, Muhammad Ichsan

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and environmental quality across the six provinces of Sulawesi within the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. Using panel data for 2015–2024, the study applies the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel-ARDL) model with the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator. The results confirm a long-run EKC relationship, indicating that environmental quality initially deteriorates and subsequently improves as income increases. Meanwhile, FDI has a negative but statistically insignificant effect, while short-run dynamics remain heterogeneous across provinces due to differences in economic structures, investment characteristics, and environmental management

Infrastruktur, Kelembagaan Tani, Kemandirian Ekonomi Desa: Geografi Dan Paradoks Kepemimpinan Di Indonesia, Tri Wahyu Cahyono

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This study examines determinants of village economic independence (PADes) in Indonesia, focusing on infrastructure, social capital, and leadership. Using 2024 PODES census data (N=84,240) and clustered logistic regression, results show road infrastructure as the strongest factor (OR: 2.27). A “leadership paradox” emerges, where higher education of village heads negatively correlates with PADes formation. Geographic analysis reveals infrastructure effectiveness depends on topography, with lowland areas gaining the greatest structural advantage. Findings highlight the need for topography-based policy differentiation to strengthen fiscal independence in rural Indonesia.

Religiosity And Female Autonomy In Indonesia, Milda Irhamni

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study estimates the effect of religiosity on married women’s autonomy within households in Indonesia using panel data from the 2007 and 2014 rounds of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS4 and IFLS5). Women’s autonomy is measured by the wife’s decision-making power relative to her husband across eighteen household decisions, complemented by indirect proxies such as asset ownership and contraceptive use. Applying household fixed-effect and IV estimation to control for endogeneity, the analysis finds little robust evidence that religiosity systematically reduces female autonomy, suggesting that any negative association is weak and sensitive to specification.

Disintermediation From The Perspective Of Real Estate Token Economics, Mateusz Aleksander Bonca

Studia i Materiały Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Warszawski

Purpose: This article examines the issue of disintermediation through the example of real estate investing with tokens. The aim is to determine whether, and to what extent, intermediaries can be removed in blockchain‑based property investments.

Methodology: The analysis is based on secondary data from fields such as token economics, management, legal science, and sociology. An analytical and deductive approach was used, drawing on interdisciplinary literature reviews and data from selected company websites involved in real estate tokenisation.

Results: It was found that the idea of fully removing the intermediation of public and private institutions (agencies, notaries, courts) in real estate …

Mengukur Capaian Dan Identifikasi Konvergensi Pembangunan Infrastruktur Antarprovinsi Di Indonesia, Ressa Isnaini Arumnisaa', Aisyah Fitri Yuniasih

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Indonesia’s economic challenges are characterized by stagnant economic growth and regional development disparities. This study analyzes the achievement and convergence of infrastructure development across provinces in Indonesia during 2011–2021 through the construction of an Infrastructure Development Index (IPI). The study employs panel data from 33 provinces, using factor analysis to construct the IPI and the First Difference Generalized Method of Moments (FD-GMM) to examine convergence and its determinants. The results show that many provinces still have IDI scores below the national average. Furthermore, the FD-GMM model shows that σ-convergence and β-convergence occur in Indonesia. In addition, GRDP per capita, inflation, …

Evaluasi Dampak Digitalisasi Regional Terhadap Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Di Indonesia, Tomi Setiawan, Muhammad Farras Samith, Shifwah Murran Nashifa

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Digitalization has become a key pillar in driving economic, social, and governance transformation in Indonesia. However, it is necessary to verify whether digitalization has supported sustainable development goals. This study evaluates the impact of digitalization on sustainability dimensions at the district/city level in Indonesia using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results show that digitalization has a significant negative impact on environmental quality. Conversely, the impact on the economy and social welfare is not statistically significant, indicating that the benefits of digitalization are not evenly distributed and tend to be concentrated among groups that already have digital access and capabilities.

Food Insecurity, Economic Shocks, Poverty, And Inequality In Nigeria, Ibrahim Tijjani Salihu, Jahen F. Rezki

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Drawing on the 2018/2019 Nigeria General Household Survey — a nationally representative sample of 5,000 households across six geopolitical zones obtained using multi-stage stratified sampling — this study applied linear probability and probit models to examine poverty’s socioeconomic drivers. Findings show food insecurity and economic shocks worsen poverty, while remittances, credit access, employment, safety nets, and education help reduce it. Using poverty indices and the Gini coefficient, the analysis found rural households face greater poverty incidence, depth, and severity than urban households, despite urban areas showing marginally higher income inequality. Inequality among lower-income households, however, was nearly identical across both …

Hkc06 - Information Versus Attention In Flood Risk Disclosure, Dolores Albarracín, Timothy Hyde

Oberlin College Kasper Economics and Business Working Paper Series

Flood risk disclosure is expanding rapidly in real estate markets, but if disclosures move demand by commanding attention rather than by conveying information, theirwelfare effects are ambiguous. We examine this tension in a discrete choice experiment where 1,498 respondents make hypothetical choices among real Gulf Coast properties under a control condition and four disclosure formats varying in informational content and presentation. Absent disclosure, insurance costs barely influence choices; by contrast, when respondents are shown precise flood insurance estimates, they are willing to pay $3.34 in annualized housing costs to avoid each annual premium dollar. Using a separate beliefs elicitation, we …

Believing And Belonging: Americans’ Religious Practices And Their Trust In Government, Hwayong Shin

Weidenbaum Center Survey (WCS) Reports

Data from the Weidenbaum Center Survey (WCS) offer new insights into Americans’ religious and political lives by addressing two broad questions. First, how religious are Americans today, and how does religiosity vary across age and partisan groups? Waves 1–8 of the WCS, conducted between 2023 and 2026, are used to answer this question. Second, how are different forms of religiosity associated with trust in government, and do these relationships differ across age and partisan groups? To answer this question, this article leverages Waves 6–8 of the WCS, which included measures of trust in government, conducted between 2025 and 2026. The …

Tipping In The Digital Age: Comparing Group And Individual Tipping Behavior Across Cashless Payments, Akosua Sayer Koduah

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Tipping has long been central to the U.S. hospitality industry, where it provides a substantial share of service workers’ income. What was once a cash-based practice is now increasingly mediated through digital platforms such as card readers, QR codes, and peer-to-peer apps. These systems introduce features such as visibility of the decision, preset defaults, and group payment options that reshape how customers decide whether and how much to tip. While traditional tipping has been widely studied, research on digital restaurant tipping remains limited. This study focuses on two underexplored mechanisms: visibility (whether staff can observe the decision) and group context …

Ai Premium, Nicola Borri, Yukun Liu, Aleh Tsyvinski

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Using 380 trillion tokens of realized AI consumption across more than four hundred large language models from the licensed proprietary OpenRouter dataset covering approximately 2 percent of current global monthly AI token consumption, we analyze how AI affects firms, markets, and workers. Leveraging the unprecedented size, scope and granularity data, we construct the AI Factor from growth in tokens, dollars, and users, estimate firm-level AI Betas from stock return comovement, and characterize the AI Premium. First, we build a high-frequency AI factor and decompose it into salient components. Second, we show that firms whose returns covary more positively with the …

Credit Surfaces And Economic Uncertainty, John Geanokopolis, David E. Rappaport

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The Credit Surface along the leverage dimension gives the bond spread as a function of the loan-to-value ratio. Empirically, we show that uncertainty shocks typically increase spreads and steepen the credit surface, profoundly affecting the supply of credit. Theoretically, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the convexity of the credit surface, and for changes in the anticipated distribution of collateral prices that lead to steepening of the credit surface. Finally, we show that the credit surface itself fully reveals the entire distribution of collateral prices, thus providing a new and vivid language with which to describe uncertainty and stochastic …

Domestic Outsourcing And Young-Worker Entry Into The Formal Sector, Mayara Felix, Michael B. Wong

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We provide evidence that domestic outsourcing increases young-worker entry into the formal sector. Leveraging a pair of 1993–1994 Brazilian reforms that reduced the relative cost of outsourcing security guards, a triple-differences design shows that the reforms increased formal guard employment by 4% and hiring from unemployment or informality by 7%, while reallocating formal employment from older to younger workers and leaving demographic-adjusted wages unchanged. Census data corroborate the rise in formality, driven by the youngest cohorts. The compositional shift mirrors a general pattern in Brazil’s matched employer–employee records: conditional on total firm size, employers with greater occupation-specific scale hire younger …

Mexico Consensus Economic Forecast Volume 29, Number 2, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Steven L. Fullerton

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

Retirement Investment Behaviors Of Itin Immigrants, Krzysztof Zoltek

Theses and Dissertations from DePaul University

This study examines retirement related financial behaviors among foreign-born immigrants living in the United States, with particular focus on the role of Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) status. Using a cross-sectional survey of 223 foreign-born respondents, including both ITIN and non-ITIN respondents, the study examined whether ITIN status, financial literacy, fintech usage, remittance behavior, demographic characteristics, and attitudes toward financial inclusion were associated with participation in formal retirement saving and likelihood of using retirement products if available. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test the study hypotheses. The findings indicated that ITIN status was negatively …

Shifting Production, Rising Value Added: A Global Value Chain Perspective On Sectoral Competitiveness In Asean, Van Chung Nguyen

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The ongoing relocation of production activities from China to Southeast Asia, driven by geopolitical and supply chain restructuring, has created new opportunities for ASEAN economies to enhance their positions in regional and global value chains. This study examines trends in cooperation and competition in value-added creation among ASEAN countries during 2015–2025 using the Multiregional Input–Output (MRIO) analysis. The results show significant differences in sectoral value-added growth across ASEAN members. Vietnam and Cambodia recorded the highest growth rates, particularly in manufacturing industries, whereas Singapore maintained its leading position in high-value and technology-intensive sectors. In contrast, Thailand and Malaysia experienced moderate growth, …

Institutional Barriers To Agro-Food Export Upgrading: Evidence From Indonesia’S Modified Cassava Flour Sector, Arie Kusuma Paksi, Fiya Ainur Rohmatika, Melvin Jabar

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The growing global demand for functional and sustainable foods has prompted developing countries to explore alternative exports, including Indonesia’s modified cassava flour (MOCAF). Despite its environmental benefits and gluten-free properties, MOCAF’s penetration into European markets remains limited. This study examines institutional barriers constraining MOCAF exports using Scott’s framework of regulative, normative, and cognitive institutions. A qualitative approach combined in- depth interviews, town hall meetings, and secondary data from governmental and international sources. Findings show that institutional constraints, rather than product quality alone, hinder European Union market entry and reduce competitiveness. Regulative barriers include fragmented logistics and high certification costs. Normative …

Digital Privacy In Marketing And Advertising: A Review Of Evolving Consumer Concerns, Stakeholder Dynamics, And Theoretical Perspectives, Galvin Kuan Sian Lee

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The intensification of data-driven advertising has heightened public scrutiny of digital privacy and exposed persistent contradictions in consumer behavior. This structured integrative narrative review critically synthesizes contemporary research on the privacy paradox in digital advertising, with emphasis on consumer privacy concerns, stakeholder tensions, trust formation, transparency, perceived control, and privacy-reconfiguring advertising ecosystems. Drawing on interdisciplinary evidence from marketing, information systems, and digital policy research, the review maps five key domains: the evolution of privacy concerns; multi-theoretic perspectives explaining privacy-related behaviors; stakeholder tensions among consumers, advertisers, and regulators; the effect of privacy perceptions on trust and engagement; and the role of …

How Relevant Is Money Supply? A Cross-Country And Cross-Variable Analysis, Ahmad Alharbi, Moid U. Ahmad

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Extensive discussions have been conducted on traditional and new-age macroeconomic theories in the context of the money supply and its determinants. This article contributes to the literature by analyzing money supply and its interactions with four other macroeconomic variables: GDP, exchange rates, interest rates, and prices. Using annual panel data from 55 countries from 2000 to 2023, the study applies various regression techniques and causal analyses to assess money supply determinants. Most analytical techniques indicated a significant relationship between money supply, national income, and foreign exchange rates.

The Contributors, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Conflict-Mediated Group Size Regulation: A Theory Of Supraoptimal And Suboptimal Group Size, Eric Schniter

ESI Working Papers

Observed group sizes rarely match the size that would maximize what each member gets from belonging. We propose a two-part theory in which group size is regulated by two related conflicts: insider-outsider conflict over admission, and within-group conflict as crowding, competition, and social tensions intensify with size. Three strategies are available: admission, exclusion, and fission. The first part shows that even when exclusion is unavailable, fission dynamics alone drive group size away from the optimum in both directions, with the pattern set by how prospective joiners encounter groups and by the geometry of fission. When joiners compare groups across a …

Institutions, Innovation, And Structural Transformation: Advancing Business And Economics Research In Emerging Economies, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Montana’S Outfitting Industry - 2024 Economic Contribution And Industry-Client Analysis, Carter Bermingham, Kara Grau, Emma Keinath-Lopez

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Montana's outfitting and guiding industry remains a vital economic sector driven primarily by nonresident visitors, generating an estimated $314 million in direct expenditures in 2024 and supporting more than $1.27 billion in total economic output when indirect and induced effects are included. This report, an update to ITRR's 2017 industry analysis, draws on a survey of outfitting businesses alongside ITRR's annual nonresident visitor survey to examine roughly 980,000 clients served by an estimated 1,500 outfitting and guiding entities statewide. While wildlife viewing and sightseeing attracted the largest share of clients, fishing generated the most revenue despite serving a smaller portion …

Meeting & Convention Tourism In Montana, Glenna Hartman, Elena Bigart, Melissa Weddell

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

As meeting and convention travel continues its post-pandemic rebound, Montana still lacks a comprehensive picture of this growing sector's reach and impact. This report offers the state's first statewide analysis of meetings and conventions — examining their economic contribution to local communities, the factors that make Montana an attractive destination, the scale and geographic spread of events across the state, and how Montana compares to national industry benchmarks.

The findings paint a promising picture: 75% of meeting planners say they'd recommend Montana, and over half plan to bring events to the state in the next one to three years. Montana's …

Pengaruh Penggunaan Internet Terhadap Pendapatan Wirausaha Pemuda Di Indonesia, Nabella Primasetya, Putu Geniki Lavinia Natih

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

An important element in entrepreneurship is being alert to unexploited opportunities. In the context of entrepreneurial development, internet users in Indonesia continue to increase but the percentage of young people using the internet for business remains low. This study analyzes the effect of internet usage on the income of young entrepreneurs in Indonesia using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results show that internet usage significantly increases the income of youth entrepreneurs. Internet usage for communication contributes positively to their income but usage for promotion, social media and marketplaces does not affect their income.