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Social Security Money's Worth, John Geanakoplos, Olivia S. Mitchell, Stephen P. Zeldes

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper describes how three money’s worth measures — the benefit-to-tax ratio, the internal rate of return, and the net present value — are calculated and used in analyses of social security reforms, including systems with privately managed individual accounts invested in equities. Declining returns from the U.S. social security system prove to be the inevitable result of having instituted an unfunded (pay-as-you-go) retirement system that delivered $7.9 trillion of net transfers (in 1997 present value dollars) to people born before 1917, and will deliver another $1.8 trillion to people born between 1918 and 1937. But young and future workers …

Elderly Migration And State Fiscal Policy: Evidence From The 1990 Census Migration Flows+, Karen S. Conway, Andrew J. Houtenville

Center for Policy Research

The elderly’s unique economic situation makes some government expenditures more attractive and some forms of taxation less burdensome than others. This research investigates whether elderly migration is affected by state fiscal policies and discusses the possible consequences, both of which likely differ between younger and older elderly. Using state-to-state migration flows, we identify which states are gaining and losing younger versus older elderly people. We then estimate the migration flows as a function of the states’ amenities, cost of living, composition of government spending and alternative specifications of the tax system. We find that elderly migration is influenced by state …

A New Approach To Regulatory Reform, Murray L. Weidenbaum

Murray Weidenbaum Publications

Even though there is a legitimate need for government regulation, it is still a blunt and imperfect tool, often imposing costs that greatly outweigh the benefits. This study presents the need for regulatory reform and suggests a few ways to do so.

Victorian Workers' Compensation System: Review And Analysis, Volume Ii, H. Allan Hunt, Peter S. Barth, Alan Clayton, Ralph W. Mcginn

Reports

No abstract provided.

The United States House Of Representatives And The International Monetary Fund: Cognitions And Miscognitions, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a brief cognitive analysis of rationales for not supporting the allocation of $18 billion to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Water Resources Handbook For Economics, United States Department Of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The purpose of the Water Resources Handbook for Economics is to provide guidance for the economic analysis of water resource projects. Established economic theory and principles, and the economic concepts stated in the Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resource Implementation Studies (P&G) serve as the primary foundation for this document. P&G was issued March 10, 1983, by the Water Resources Council. The economist must blend the economic principles with a good sense of practicality. To encourage the economist to be creative and to allow for differences between projects, the handbook is not intended to …

Industrial Resources: Ohio County, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Ohio County

"Resources for Economic Development: Ohio County, [Kentucky]" prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research in cooperation in cooperation with the Ohio County Industrial Foundation, Inc., July 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources, markets, and climate.

Industrial Resources: Grayson County - Leitchfield, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Grayson County

"Resources for Economic Development: Grayson County, Kentucky” prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research, and the Leitchfield – Grayson County Local Development Corporation, 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources, markets, and climate.

Industrial Resources: Calloway County - Murray, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Calloway County

"Resources for Economic Development: Murray (Calloway County), Kentucky" prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research, and the Murray - Calloway County Chamber of Commerce, 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources, markets, and climate.

Industrial Resources: Hopkins County - Madisonville, Earlington And Hanson, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Hopkins County

"Resources for Economic Development: Madisonville, Earlington and Hanson, Kentucky" prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development Division of Research in cooperation with Madisonville-Hopkins County Economic Development Corporation and Madisonville-Hopkins County Chamber of Commerce, July 1998.The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, education and health facilitates, housing, communications, recreation, natural resources, markets and climate.

Industrial Resources: Graves County - Mayfield, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Graves County

"Resources for Economic Development: Mayfield, Kentucky” prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research, and the Mayfield – Graves County Local Development Corporation, 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources, markets, and climate.

Social Security And Institutions For Intergenerational, Intragenerational And International Risk Sharing, Robert J. Shiller

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Social security system old age insurance systems are devices for the sharing of income risks of elderly people with others. Risks can be shared intergenerationally (with the young of the same country), intragenerationally (with other elderly of the same country) or internationally (with foreigners). Barriers to individuals themselves sharing their risks intergenerationally, intragenerationally or internationally are described. Optimal design of government-sponsored social security systems is considered in light of these barriers. Alternative benefits and contributions formulas for pay-as-you-go social security systems are defined and compared with existing and proposed formulas in terms of their ability to fulfill the government’s role …

Economic Currents: The State Of The State Economy, Alan Clayton-Matthews

Public Policy and Public Affairs Faculty Publication Series

As economists continue to explain why growth will slow and inflation will reemerge, the Massachusetts jobs engine accelerates, generating jobs and income at an increasing rate even as inflation continues to subside. The state’s expansion has now surpassed the “Miracle Years” in length, and there is no evidence to suggest that it will end soon. In spite of this, a slowing is inevitable; the region is running out of skilled workers and cannot support this rate of growth indefinitely. The pool of available workers now appears concentrated among less-skilled workers with low levels of educational attainment. These workers could support …

Knowledge: The New Republic, K L Chopra

IIMB Management Review

As the societies of the world have progressed from the spoken to the written medium, to the audiovisual and finally to the electronic media for communication, civilisations have undergone enormous changes. With the IT revolution, coupled with an era of globalised economics and commerce, 'knowledge' power, as K L Chopra puts it, will increasingly dominate the governance, social and economic structure and lifestyle of a nation. In this Republic of Knowledge, the 'knowledge worker', 'knowledge engineering' and 'knowledge factories' will play a pivotal role in determining its health and wealth. However, it remains to be seen whether the new Republic …

Where Does The Money Come From? The Financing Of Small Entrepreneurial Enterprises, Zsuzsanna Fluck, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Harvey Rosen

Center for Policy Research

Using data from the Wisconsin Entrepreneurial Climate Study, we study the sources of firms’ finance during the very early stages of their lives. Our focus is the evolution of the mix of financial capital from “insiders” and “outsiders” as firms age. We find that at the beginning of firms’ life cycles, the proportion of funds from internal sources increases with age, while the proportion from banks, venture capitalists, and private investors declines. There is also evidence that these patterns eventually reverse themselves, with the proportion of insider finance ultimately declining and the proportion of outsider finance increasing with age. We …

Low Inflation: The Surprise Of The 1990s, Dean D. Croushore

Economics Faculty Publications

For most of the 1990s, forecasters have been predicting an upturn in inflation. Yet, over that same period, the United States has experienced stable or declining inflation. Why have forecasts been at odds with reality? And why does it matter? In this article, Dean Croushore considers some answers to these questions and explains why inflation is the economic surprise of the decade.

Financial Globalization: Can National Currencies Survive?, James Tobin

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Fixed exchange rate, pegs to hard currencies that can be adjusted, are fragile, the more so the more mobile are capital funds across currencies and national markets. Once market participants doubt, for whatever reason, the ability of a developing or emerging economy’s central bank to meet its commitment to redeem it currency in hard currency at the promised rate, they will race to claim the country’s external reserves. Vulnerability to crises becomes greater as financial markets become less regulated and more internationally open. To escape currency crises, a country may lock its money to that of a reserve-currency country, as …

The Labor Supply Effects Of Welfare Reform, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Will welfare reform increase unemployment and reduce wages? The answer depends in part on how much welfare reform increases labor supply. This paper considers the labor supply effects of the welfare reforms that have occurred since 1993, when President Clinton entered office with a promise to "end welfare as we know it." The paper reviews previous estimates, and provides new estimates, of how many additional labor force participants have entered the labor force due to welfare reform. I estimate that welfare reform from 1993-96 increased the U.S. labor force by between 100,000 and 300,000 persons. Between 1996, when the major …

Entrepreneurs, Income Taxes, And Investment, Robert Carroll, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Mark Rider, Harvey Rosen

Center for Policy Research

This paper investigates the effect of entrepreneurs’ personal income tax situations on their capital investment decisions. We examine the income tax returns of a sample of sole proprietors before and after the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and determine how the substantial reductions in marginal tax rates for the relatively affluent associated with that law affected their decisions to invest in physical capital. We find that individual income taxes exert a statistically and quantitatively significant influence on investment decisions. In our sample, a 5 percentage point increase in marginal tax rates would reduce the proportion of entrepreneurs who make new …

Resource Geographic Information System Survey And Database Summary Report, The New Mexico Engineering Research Institute

BBER Publications

A report summarizing the results of a survey given to multiple agencies in New Mexico about their GIS use.

Measurement Of Hospital Performance: Environmental And Organizational Factors Associated With Cost, Debra Kay Dierksmeier Anderson

Health Services Research Dissertations

As U.S. health care expenditures top the $1 trillion mark, there is increased interest in measuring the performance of health care providers. For bottom line oriented payors such as government and business, the focus is on measuring cost. As hospitals account for over one-third of health care expenses, hospital cost per admission is a common measure of performance.

Many environmental and organizational factors come into play in determining hospital cost per admission. This research examines several of these factors, using Raymond Zammuto's model of organizational effectiveness assessment. Using Zammuto's framework, this research looks at the relationship of social, physical, and …

Outdoor Recreation And Water Development: The National Recreation Lakes Study, Bruce R. Brown

Outdoor Recreation: Promise and Peril in the New West (Summer Conference, June 8-10)

12 pages.

Recreation Management By The Blm: A Local Perspective, Ann Morgan

Outdoor Recreation: Promise and Peril in the New West (Summer Conference, June 8-10)

10 pages.

Outdoor Recreation And Natural Lands: The Gradual Unfolding Of Policy, Richard L. Knight

Outdoor Recreation: Promise and Peril in the New West (Summer Conference, June 8-10)

10 pages.

Contains 2 pages of references.

The Importance Of Cost And Effectiveness For Attitudes Towards Lifesaving Interventions, Joakim Ramsberg, Lennart Sjöberg

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Drs. Ramsberg & Sjöberg present the results of a study that evaluates Swedish attitudes about risks and corresponding lifesaving interventions.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1998, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

The explanatory notes outline the methods for compiling financial, public finance, national accounts, and international trade statistics in Nigeria. Financial statistics are compiled from balance sheets and financial statements, covering lending and deposit interest rates, bank liquidity, and clearing house statistics. Public finance statistics include government revenue, expenditure, and debt, as well as debt conversion programs and promissory notes. National accounts are based on the System of National Accounts and include data on GDP, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, consumption expenditure, and Gross National Savings. International trade statistics measure the value and quantity of imports and exports, presented in the Standard …

Ua68/2 Intercambio Internacional, Vol. Xv, No. 1, Wku Latin American Studies

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by WKU Latin American Studies committee regarding science, politics and economic advances in Latin America as well as cooperative projects between WKU and universities across Latin America. The newsletter is written in both English and Spanish.

Industrial Resources: Madison County - Richmond, Kentucky Library Research Collection

Madison County

"Resources for Economic Development: Richmond, [Kentucky]" prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research in cooperation with the Richmond Industrial Corporation, June 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources,markets, and climate.

Industrial Resources: Rockcastle County - Mount Vernon, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Rockcastle County

"Resources for Economic Development: Mont Vernon, [Kentucky]" prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research in cooperation with the Rockcastle County Industrial Development Authority, June 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, duel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources, markets, and climate.

Industrial Resources: Breckinridge County, Kentucky Library Research Collections

Breckinridge County

"Resources for Economic Development: Breckinridge County, Kentucky" prepared by the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development, Division of Research, and the Breckinridge County Development Corporation, 1998. The report includes, but is not limited to, information about: population, labor market, local manufacturing, transportation, utilities, fuel, water, sewage, industrial sites, local government and services, taxes, educational and health facilities, housing, communication, recreation, natural resources, markets, and climate.