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Institutional Alternatives For The Promotion Of Microfinance: Self-Help Groups In India, P. Satish Sep 2001

Institutional Alternatives For The Promotion Of Microfinance: Self-Help Groups In India, P. Satish

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Microfinance is now an accepted institutional framework for taking financial services to the poor. It is but natural that microfinance should have had tremendous growth in India--the home to the largest concentration of poor. In India the microfinance technology that had a relatively higher growth in the last decade is the self-help group (SHG). This lays stress on thrift as well as credit and also on the linkage between informal groups and formal financial institutions. An important sine qua non in this technology is the institution that promotes the SHGs. In India, SHGs have been promoted by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), …

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Building Better Lives: Sustainable Integration Of Microfinance And Education In Child Survival, Reproductive Health, And Hiv/Aids Prevention For The Poorest Entrepreneurs, Christopher Dunford Sep 2001

Building Better Lives: Sustainable Integration Of Microfinance And Education In Child Survival, Reproductive Health, And Hiv/Aids Prevention For The Poorest Entrepreneurs, Christopher Dunford

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This paper provides diverse examples of microfinance institutions that have responded successfully to the challenge of integrating microfinance with nonfinancial services, without compromising the impacts or sustainability of their microfinance and overall operations. Special attention is given to the integration of microfinance with health education for very poor women, including the promotion of family planning and HIV/AIDS prevention management. The credit and education components reinforce each other by addressing the informational as well as the economic obstacles to health and nutrition. There is good potential for large-scale, self-financing delivery of microfinance and education together in one efficient and effective service …

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Seven Aspects Of Loan Size, Mark Schreiner Sep 2001

Seven Aspects Of Loan Size, Mark Schreiner

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Attempts to measure the depth of outreach in microfinance usually start--and often end--with loan size. But just what is loan size? This paper discusses seven aspects of loan size, each of which affects not only depth of outreach but also profitability. The seven aspects are: term to maturity, dollars disbursed, average balance, dollars per installment, time between installments, number of installments, and "dollar-years of borrowed resources." This paper defines the seven aspects, explains why each one matters, and gives examples of their measurement with data from three Latin American microfinance organizations.

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Vol. 03 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance Sep 2001

Vol. 03 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

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Microcredit And The Rural Poor: A Review Of The Maharashtra Rural Credit Project, Raghav Gaiha Sep 2001

Microcredit And The Rural Poor: A Review Of The Maharashtra Rural Credit Project, Raghav Gaiha

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

An attempt is made to review the Maharashtra Rural Credit Project (MRCP)--a microcredit scheme--by focusing on the process of implementation and its implications for targeting, empowerment of women, and trade-off between coverage of the poorest and sustainability of this scheme. Attention is drawn to deficiencies in the design and implementation of this scheme that limit the participation of the poorest and the benefits accruing to them. Moreover, it is argued that there is a risk of overstating the trade-off between the coverage of the poorest and sustainability of the MRCP if these deficiencies are overlooked.

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Do Crime-Related Expenditures Crowd Out Higher Education Expenditures?, Michael L. Marlow, Alden F. Shiers Sep 2001

Do Crime-Related Expenditures Crowd Out Higher Education Expenditures?, Michael L. Marlow, Alden F. Shiers

Economics

Fears about insufficient public education spending are often expressed in the area of higher education, whereby it is often argued that increases in expenditures on crime-related programs crowd out expenditures on higher education. This view suggests that higher education and crime-related programs directly compete for government expenditures so that what one program gains the other must lose as in a zero-sum game. A competing hypothesis is that higher crime-related spending leads to higher taxes or public debt issuance or to lower spending on programs other than higher education. We estimate a three-equation model of spending on crime-related programs, spending on …

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Simulation Of Risks And Benefits From A Money Purchase Pension Scheme For Turkey, Serdar Sayan, Ahmet Tuncay Teksoz Sep 2001

Simulation Of Risks And Benefits From A Money Purchase Pension Scheme For Turkey, Serdar Sayan, Ahmet Tuncay Teksoz

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.

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Incentive-Based Regulations And Bank Restructuring In Egypt, Alaa El-Shazly Sep 2001

Incentive-Based Regulations And Bank Restructuring In Egypt, Alaa El-Shazly

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.

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The Hypothetical Even-Share Scenario, Dennis L. Soden Sep 2001

The Hypothetical Even-Share Scenario, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Financial Performance Of Selected Microfinance Institutions: Benchmarking Progress To Sustainability, Michael Tucker Sep 2001

Financial Performance Of Selected Microfinance Institutions: Benchmarking Progress To Sustainability, Michael Tucker

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

A few microfinance institutions (MFIs) have implemented best business practices and made the transition to fully regulated financial institutions. Many more are in the process of undertaking this transformation or at least considering it. Rising competition among growing numbers of MFIs for both funding and clients has made improved financial performance a necessity for most if not all MFIs. Financial ratios of 17 Latin American MFIs are compared to benchmark performance ratios for the industry and with commercial Latin American banks. This small sample of data, while useful, also underlines the need for more widespread MFI reporting. Complicating reliance on …

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Non-Oil Exports Promotion. Concepts, Issues And Prospects., Kola D. Sep 2001

Non-Oil Exports Promotion. Concepts, Issues And Prospects., Kola D.

Bullion

The most recent data available on the structure of the Nigerian ^ economy are those for year 2000, which reflect the current structure and the main features of the economy. (see Annex 1) They indicate that the agricultural sector accounted for 41 .5o/o of the nation's GDP, while manufacturing contributed 5.95%, finance and insurance, 9.59%, crude petroleum, 10.42%, wholesale and retail trade, 11.58%, and government services 9.35%. It is a well-known fact that primary non-oil products dominated Nigeria's export trade and formed the bedrock of her economy in pre and immediate post-independence era. The issues discussed include the definition of …

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Welcome Address On The Launch Of The Small And Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (Smieis), J. O. Sanusi Sep 2001

Welcome Address On The Launch Of The Small And Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (Smieis), J. O. Sanusi

Bullion

This is an address by the Governor of the Central Bank of Chief (Dr) J. O. Sanusi on the launch of the Nigeria Small and Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMIEIS).

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Creating An Enabling Environment For Small-Scale Industries., K. M. Obitayo Sep 2001

Creating An Enabling Environment For Small-Scale Industries., K. M. Obitayo

Bullion

This paper explores how to create enabling environment for the development of small-scale industries (SSIs) which are globally noted for their immense contributions to development process and as engine of economic growth. The rest of the paper is divided into five sections. Section ll reviews the definition of SSls and highlights some relevant economic significance of SSls, Section lll reflects government's past efforts in supporting the developments of SSIs in Nigeria. Section lV discusses SSls constraints while Section V dwells on the key policy issues for creating an enabling environment for SSls. Finally, Section Vl, provides the concluding remarks and …

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An Exploration Into Individual Development Accounts As An Anti-Poverty Strategy, Timothy G. Reutebuch Sep 2001

An Exploration Into Individual Development Accounts As An Anti-Poverty Strategy, Timothy G. Reutebuch

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

A non-random, cross-sectional sampling procedure was utilized in this study to determine what factors are related to households choosing to utilize Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) as a means to escape poverty. Surveys from 111 households were collected from September 1997, to April 1999, in seven Ohio counties to elucidate the relationship between the level of assets in working poor households and selected household demographic variables, and the decision on whether or not to actually participate in an IDA program. Findings revealed that households 1) with more than one wage earner and 2) with higher levels of education are more likely …

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Analysis Of Formal Lending To The Agricultural Sector In Nigeria: 1978 - 98, Dayo Phillip Sep 2001

Analysis Of Formal Lending To The Agricultural Sector In Nigeria: 1978 - 98, Dayo Phillip

Economic and Financial Review

Towards the attainment of the goals of the Nigerian agricultural sector, relevant policies have been formulated and implemented during the post-independence years. The agricultural credit policy, among several others, was aimed at ensuring adequate funds for the agricultural sector. The objective of this paper is to estimate the relationship between formal lending to agriculture and some assumed determinants of agricultural credit lending during the 1978- 98 sample period. Lending by financial institutions to the agricultural sector was viewed for the pi11pose of model development in this study as the "supply of credit" to agriculture. Thus, the sets of determinants of …

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Nigeria's Economic Growth: Performance And Determinants, Essien Abel Essien Sep 2001

Nigeria's Economic Growth: Performance And Determinants, Essien Abel Essien

Economic and Financial Review

in this paper some recent developments in time series econometrics, which is of great potential for extending the frontier of economic research is applied to Nigerian data in order to estimate a production function type equation as well as examine the key macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in Nigeria. Of particular application is the vector error correction modelling technique. Apart from the determination of criteria for selecting the lag length, the paper also explored variance decomposition and effect of shocks through the impulse response function. Results from the econometric analysis revealed that output was elastic to capital injection in the …

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Quantile Regression, Kevin F. Hallock, Roger Koenker Sep 2001

Quantile Regression, Kevin F. Hallock, Roger Koenker

Economics Faculty Publications

Quantile regression as introduced by Koenker and Bassett seeks to extend ideas of quantiles to the estimation of conditional quantile functions--models in which quantiles of the conditional distribution of the response variable are expressed as functions of observed covariates.

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Microfinance Impact Assessments: The Perils Of Using New Members As A Control Group, Dean S. Karlan Sep 2001

Microfinance Impact Assessments: The Perils Of Using New Members As A Control Group, Dean S. Karlan

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Microfinance institutions aim to reduce poverty. Some assess their impact through a cross-sectional impact methodology which compares veteran to new participants and then calls any difference between these two groups the "impact" of the program. Such studies have risen recently in popularity because they are cheap, easy to implement, and often encouraged by donors. USAID, through its AIMS project, encourages this methodology with its SEEP/AIMS practitioner-oriented tools. This paper intends to inform practitioners about the perils of using such a strategy, and suggests a couple of solutions to some of the larger problems with this approach.

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Interview: Dr. Ishrat Husain, Sanaa Ahmed Sep 2001

Interview: Dr. Ishrat Husain, Sanaa Ahmed

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

I would rather be here. Very much so because this is a very challenging assignment. A rewarding one as well because it touches the lives of millions of people in the country. That is why I feel I want to be in the thick of things.

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What Accounts For The Variation In Retirement Wealth Among U.S. Households?, B. Douglas Bernheim, Jonathan Skinner, Steven Weinberg Sep 2001

What Accounts For The Variation In Retirement Wealth Among U.S. Households?, B. Douglas Bernheim, Jonathan Skinner, Steven Weinberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

Even among households with similar socioeconomic characteristics, saving and wealth vary considerably. Life-cycle models attribute this variation to differences in time preference rates, risk tolerance, exposure to uncertainty, relative tastes for work and leisure at advanced ages, and income replacement rates. These factors have testable implications concerning the relation between accumulated wealth and the shape of the consumption profile. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Consumer Expenditure Survey, we find little support for these implications. The data are instead consistent with "rule of thumb," "mental accounting," or hyperbolic discounting theories of wealth accumulation.

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Ua3/9/5 Faculty Staff Convocation, Wku President's Office Aug 2001

Ua3/9/5 Faculty Staff Convocation, Wku President's Office

WKU Administration Documents

Speech delivered by WKU president Gary Ransdell at fall convocation. He discusses enrollment, budget, tuition, salaries, insurance, administrative reorganization, legislative priorities, construction of Mass Media & Technology Hall and Guthrie Tower, engineering, economic development, information technology and capital campaign.

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El Paso County Hospital District R.E. Thomason General Hospital Revenue Base 1996-2000, Elizabeth Dalton Aug 2001

El Paso County Hospital District R.E. Thomason General Hospital Revenue Base 1996-2000, Elizabeth Dalton

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Are More Children A Blessing? Determinants Of The Demand For Children In Jimma, Ethiopia, Bedassa Tadesse, Sisay Asefa Aug 2001

Are More Children A Blessing? Determinants Of The Demand For Children In Jimma, Ethiopia, Bedassa Tadesse, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

Based on data from a cross-section of urban households in Southwestern Ethiopia, in this paper, we examine some endogenous household characteristics that could be targeted through market-based policy measure(s). We use a count data model and the theory of consumer behavior to first identify some important socio-economic determinants of the demand for children. Then, we simulate the average number of children desired by a woman of median household characteristics and the extent to which an exogenously set population policy goal of lower fertility can be achieved. Finally, we present the extent by which market based policy measures could help reduce …

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Papers Of International Conference On Contemporary Development Issues In Ethiopia, August 16-18, 2001, Sisay Asefa Aug 2001

Papers Of International Conference On Contemporary Development Issues In Ethiopia, August 16-18, 2001, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

Introductory remarks of the First International Conference on Contemporary Development Issues in Ethiopia held in Kalamazoo, Michigan August 16-18, 2001.

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1st Annual International Conference On Contemporary Development Issues In Ethiopia, Western Michigan University Aug 2001

1st Annual International Conference On Contemporary Development Issues In Ethiopia, Western Michigan University

International Conference on African Development Archives

No abstract provided.

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“Today's Children, Tomorrow's Leaders”: Are We Neglecting The Agents Of Change?, Assegedetch Hailemariam Aug 2001

“Today's Children, Tomorrow's Leaders”: Are We Neglecting The Agents Of Change?, Assegedetch Hailemariam

International Conference on African Development Archives

There is an abundant body of knowledge that suggests that early experience influences later human behavior. This paper reviews and analyzes existing literature to demonstrate that human development, at the individual level, has far reaching consequences on social, economic and political development of a people. For instance, education, one measure of human development, has been inaccessible to more than 50% of school age children in Ethiopia. To effect fundamental changes in Ethiopia, attention and resources must be dedicated to children’s well being and potential. In addition, the paper discusses early psychological processes in human development in contrast to the current …

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Nationalism As A Contingent Event: Som Ereflections On The Ethio-Eriterean Experience, Mesfin Araya Aug 2001

Nationalism As A Contingent Event: Som Ereflections On The Ethio-Eriterean Experience, Mesfin Araya

International Conference on African Development Archives

What is politically significant and what really attracts scholarly research in any nationalism is the awakening of the masses - i.e. the effective transition from elite-based to mass-based nationalism; this study is concerned with that transition in the Eritrean experience in the modern political history of Ethiopia.

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Deforestation, Wood Famine And Environmental Degradation In Highland Ecosystems Of Ethiopia: Urgent Need For Actions, Demel Teketay Aug 2001

Deforestation, Wood Famine And Environmental Degradation In Highland Ecosystems Of Ethiopia: Urgent Need For Actions, Demel Teketay

International Conference on African Development Archives

One of the major challenges facing Ethiopia in its strive for development is environmental degradation, which is manifested in the form of land and water resources degradation as well as loss of biodiversity. Land degradation, in turn, is expressed in terms of soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. Deforestation/devegetation has been held as one of the major factors contributing to land degradation through exposing the soil for various agents of erosion. Ethiopia, with high-intensity rainstorms and extensive steep slopes, is highly susceptible to soil erosion, especially in the highlands. The organic content of soils is often low due to …

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Reflections On Development In Ethiopia, Paul B. Henze Aug 2001

Reflections On Development In Ethiopia, Paul B. Henze

International Conference on African Development Archives

I visited Ethiopia frequently and traveled extensively in all parts of the country during the Derg period. I observed firsthand the deleterious effects of the Derg's attempt to turn the country into a communist "people's republic".1 Since the fall of the Derg in May 1991 I have made eleven visits to Ethiopia (with a twelfth scheduled for June 2001), usually for periods of several weeks, totaling well over a year of travel in the country in all. During these same years I have also spent time in 16 other post-communist countries, ranging from Slovenia and Armenia to Mongolia, observing the …

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Perspectives On Institutional Reform And Development In Ethiopia: The Critical Role Of Building Enabling Institutions For Economic Growth And Development, Sisay Asefa Aug 2001

Perspectives On Institutional Reform And Development In Ethiopia: The Critical Role Of Building Enabling Institutions For Economic Growth And Development, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper provides some normative perspectives on sustainable economic and political reform in contemporary Ethiopia, by focusing on the need to establish enabling institutions for economic growth and development. The paper begins with the basic premise that poverty in Ethiopia is primarily a problem of institutional failure, and that at a successful economic reform not only must be focused on poverty-focused economic growth in a country where about 50 percent of the population is below the poverty line, but it must also be accompanied with institutional reform and development that may result in a positive-sum outcome for all constituent groups …

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