Digital Commons Network^™

Reconnaissance Of Pharmaceutical Chemicals In Urban Streams Of The Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 2002, Stewart A. Rounds, Micelis C. Doyle, Patrick M. Edwards, Edward T. Furlong

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

A reconnaissance of pharmaceutical chemicals in urban streams of the Tualatin River basin was conducted in July 2002 in an effort to better understand the occurrence and distribution of such compounds, and to determine whether they might be useful indicators of human-related stream contamination. Of the 21 pharmaceutical chemicals and metabolites tested, only 6 (acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, codeine, cotinine, and sulfamethoxazole) were detected in filtered stream samples from 10 sites. The concentrations of most of the detected compounds were relatively low (less than 0.05 microgram per liter). The most frequently detected compounds were cotinine (a nicotine metabolite, 8 of 10 …

Compensation For Herbivory In Wild Sunflower: Response To Simulated Damage By The Head-Clipping Weevil, Diana Pilson, Karin L. Decker

Diana Pilson Publications

Herbivore damage is generally detrimental to plant fitness, and the evolutionary response of plant populations to damage can involve either increased resistance or increased tolerance. While characters that contribute to resistance, such as secondary chemicals and trichomes, are relatively well understood, characters that contribute to a plant’s ability to tolerate damage have received much less attention. Using Helianthus annuus (wild sunflower) and simulated damage of Haplorhynchites aeneus (head-clipping weevil) as a model system, we examined morphological characters and developmental processes that contribute to compensatory ability. We performed a factorial experiment that included three levels of damage (none, the first two, …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Eastern Meadowlark, Scott D. Hull

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Wilson’S Phalarope, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Amy L. Zimmerman, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Savannah Sparrow, David A. Swanson

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Lesser Prairie-Chicken, Brent E. Jamison, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the breeding distribution of Lesser Prairie-Chicken in the United States and southern Canada. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental …

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Henslow’S Sparrow, James R. Herkert

United States Geological Survey: Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds

were summarized from information in more than 4,000 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section …

Microbial Ecology Of Ballast Water During A Transoceanic Voyage And The Effects Of Open-Ocean Exchange, Lisa A. Drake, Gregory M. Ruiz, Bella S. Galil, Timothy L. Mullady, Daniela O. Friedmann, Fred C. Dobbs

OES Faculty Publications

The only procedure used frequently to reduce the risk of invasion by ballast-mediated biota is open-ocean exchange of ballast water, a procedure in which vessels release coastal water and replace it with oceanic water. Limited information exists concerning the effects of transport upon the aquatic microbial community throughout transit and following open-ocean exchange, A transoceanic voyage aboard a commercial bulk carrier afforded us the opportunity to sample the microbial community in exchanged and unexchanged ballast-water holds during the journey from Hadera, Israel to Baltimore, USA. Five days following the exchange process, all microbial metrics tested (i.e. bacteria concentration, virus-like particle …

Phosphorus Dynamics In Cultures And Natural Populations Of Trichodesmium Spp, Margaret R. Mulholland, Sheri Floge, Edward J. Carpenter, Douglas G. Capone

OES Faculty Publications

Trichodesmium spp. fix atmospheric N₂ and so an element other than N limits production by these species in the oligotrophic ocean. Because dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is in short supply in many marine systems, it has been hypothesized that P is a growth-limiting nutrient for these species in nature. However, Trichodesmium is capable of hydrolyzing dissolved organic P (DOP) compounds and the inorganic products from hydrolysis may provide an additional source of P for growth. We investigated P dynamics and alkaline phosphatase activity in cultures and natural populations of Trichodesmium from the Atlantic Ocean and the north coast of …

Colony Composition And Demographics Of Beavers In Illinois, Stanley T. Mctaggart

Masters Theses

Beavers (Castor canadensis) have been extensively studied throughout North America, but little research has been conducted on this species in Illinois and the Midwest. Beavers exhibit wide variations in colony composition and demographics over their broad geographic range, so regional research is important for sound management. The objectives of this study were to investigate the: (1) typical composition of beaver colonies in Illinois; (2) reproductive potential of female beavers in Illinois; (3) sex-age composition of beaver populations in Illinois; and (4) efficacy of night-vision surveys versus removal trapping for estimating colony size. This study was conducted during the 1999-00 and …

Phylogeography And Genetic Diversity Of The Seal Salamander (Desmognathus Monticola), Erin D. Casey

Masters Theses

Phylogeography is defined as the spatial distribution of taxa with respect to geologic and geographic events. It is well documented that the distributions of many taxa have been affected by glacial events during the Pleistocene Era. The patterns generated can be very complex and result from shifts in climate and/or vegetation.

The Seal salamander, (Desmognathus monticola), is one species that still has questions pertaining to its phylogeography. The range of this species extends from southwestern Pennsylvania to northern Alabama and Georgia, with a highly disjunct, state-endangered population in the Red Hills of Alabama. The main goal of this study …

Phylogenetics Of Lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) With Emphasis On The Evolution Of Susceptibility To Fascioloides Magna Infection, Sarah Renee Joyce

Masters Theses

Snails in Lymnaeidae serve as intermediate hosts in the transmission of many trematode species, including Fascioloides magna that is responsible for disease and death in domestic livestock in North America. Previous classifications of lymnaeid snails have relied primarily on morphological characters that exhibit high levels of homoplasy; thereby, impeding a sound assessment of relationships in this group. The present study provides a phylogenetic hypothesis for lymnaeid snails employing sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA, and addresses the evolution of susceptibility to Fascioloides infection in lymnaeid snails. The final data set, comprising ten species of lymnaeid snails …

Analyses Of Prairie Restorations At Rock Springs Environmental Center, Decatur, Illinois, Jennifer A. Ward

Masters Theses

Rock Springs Environmental Center was acquired in 1969 by the Macon County Conservation District. Several tracts totaling 1.6 hectares were developed as prairie restorations of varying ages on former farmland starting in 1977. During the summers of 1999 to 2001, 123 species were collected at Rock Springs. Of these, 56 species were collected within the sampling transects. The largest number of species (36 out of 56) was collected in the 1983 tract. The highest importance value of all tracts for any species was 42.6 for Andropogon gerardii. Sorensen's Index of Similarity between tracts ranged from 53.97- 72.97. The coefficient …

The Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Fish Developmental Stability, Matthew W. Gosses

Masters Theses

In nature, organisms exist in less than ideal conditions making stress a constant factor throughout their life. These stressful environments may disturb developmental processes, causing long-term, detrimental changes to an organism expressed as bilateral variation in morphology or fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Fluctuating asymmetry has been shown to be associated with accidents during morphogenesis due to environmental factors and hence is considered a measure of developmental instability.

One environmental stressor that may affect aquatic organisms is stream habitat fragmentation. Stream habitat fragmentation is the lack of connectivity between upstream and downstream populations or sites. Stream fragmentation can create distinct patches of …

New Species Of Tricolor Leptotyphlops (Reptilia: Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae) From Central Peru, Edgar Lehr, Van Wallach, Gunther Kohler, Cesar Aguilar

Scholarship

A new species of slender blind snake, Leptotyphlops alfredschmidti, is described from two localities (2940 and 3090 m) from the western Andean slopes of central Pern (Departamento de Ancash, Provincia de Huarmey). Leptotyphlops alfredschmidti is referred to the Leptotyphlops tesselatus group. The new species shares with Leptotyphlops teaguei and Leptotyphlops tricolor a tricolor body pattern of red, black, and yellowish longitudinal stripes but differs from all members of the group in several features of coloration pattern and pholidosis.

Subjective, Cultural, And Natural Ecology, Ursula Goodenough

Biology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Unexpected Changes In Soil Phosphorus Dynamics Along Pasture Chronosequences In The Humid Tropics, Alan R. Townsend, Gregory P. Asner, Cory C. Cleveland, Margaret E. Lefer, Mercedes M. C. Bustamante

Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications

Phosphorus (P) is widely believed to limit plant growth and organic matter storage in a large fraction of the world's lowland tropical rain forests. We investigated how the most common land use change in such forests, conversion to cattle pasture, affects soil P fractions along pasture chronosequences in the central Brazilian Amazon and in southwestern Costa Rica. Our sites represent a broad range in rainfall, soil type, management strategies, and total soil P (45.2–1228.0 μg P/g soil), yet we found some unexpected and at times quite similar changes in soil P in all sites. In the Brazilian sites, where rainfall …

Livelihood Security And Protected Area Management, Stephen F. Siebert, Jill M. Belsky

Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of The Euryhaline Squid Lolliguncula Brevis In Chesapeake Bay: Effects Of Selected Abiotic Factors, I. K. Bartol, R. Mann, M. Vecchione

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The majority of cephalopods are thought to have limitations arising from physiology and locomotion that exclude them from shallow, highly variable, euryhaline environments. The brief squid Lolliguncula brevis may be a notable exception because it tolerates low salinities, withstands a wide range of environmental conditions, and swims readily in shallow water. Little is known about the distribution of L. brevis in Chesapeake Bay, a diverse and highly variable estuary. Therefore, a survey of L. brevis was conducted in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay from 1993 to 1997 using a 9.1 m otter trawl, and the effects of selected factors …

Episodic Rainfall Influences The Distribution And Abundance Of The Regular Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus In Saint Andrew Bay, Northern Gulf Of Mexico, S. Anne Boettger, Larry E. Thompson, Stephen A. Watts, James B. Mcclintock, John M. Lawrence

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Organophosphorous Insecticide Contamination In Streams: Insects As Bioindicators, Brian M. Andersen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Organophosphorous (OP) insecticides are widely used around the world to control pests. These insecticides can enter streams and rivers and impact nontarget aquatic organisms by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (ACE), a nervous system enzyme necessary for normal behavior and survival. However, these contamination events are usually brief and often missed by chemical analyses attempting to detect OP insecticides. Although ACE activity has been used as a bioindicator of OP insecticide exposure in humans and wildlife for many years, few studies have investigated using aquatic insect ACE activity as a potential bioindicator of OP insecticide contamination in streams. This study used the mayfly …

Status And Trends In Water Quality And Living Resources In The Virginia Chesapeake Bay: 1985- 2000, Daniel M. Dauer, Michael F. Lane, Harold G. Marshall, Kent E. Carpenter, John R. Donat

Status and Trends for Virginia Chesapeake Bay

A detailed overview of the Chesapeake Bay's living resources, water quality, and its major Virginia tributaries.

Methods For Caculating The Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index Of Biotic Integrity, Roberto J. Llansó, Daniel M. Dauer

Benthic Applications

The Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed to assess benthic community health and environmental quality in Chesapeake Bay. The B-IBI evaluates the ecological condition of a sample by comparing values of key benthic community attributes (“metrics”) to reference values expected under non-degraded conditions in similar habitat types. It is therefore a measure of deviation from reference conditions.

The B-IBI is used by the Chesapeake Bay Benthic Monitoring Program, which is conducted by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR) and by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ). The program contains two primary elements: …

An Exploration Of Relationships Between Environmental Change And Place Identity: An Analysis Of Personal Stories From The South Coast Of Western Australia, Ruth E. Rogan

Theses : Honours

The complex relationships between people and places have been investigated by philosophic and scientific writers of the 19th and 20th centuries and more recently by researchers within the discipline of environmental psychology. A plethora of concepts have been developed to describe the relationship between people and their environments, including place identity and place attachment. Complex relationships exist between place identity, place attachment and the physical environment. Despite this, research situated within the discipline of environmental management, which addresses changes within the biophysical environment, rarely considers the psychological impacts of such change on individuals interacting within those environments. This study investigates …

Specimen Catalog, Part 4, Brian D. Frank

Division of Mammals - Field Notes and Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Discounting And Reciprocity In An Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma, David W. Stephens, Colleen M. Mclinn, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) is a central paradigm in the study of animal cooperation. According to the IPD framework, repeated play (repetition) and reciprocity combine to maintain a cooperative equilibrium. However, experimental studies with animals suggest that cooperative behavior in IPDs is unstable, and some have suggested that strong preferences for immediate benefits (that is, temporal discounting) might explain the fragility of cooperative equilibria. We studied the effects of discounting and strategic reciprocity on cooperation in captive blue jays. Our results demonstrate an interaction between discounting and reciprocity. Blue jays show high stable levels of cooperation in treatments with …

Cognition As An Independent Variable: Virtual Ecology, Alan C. Kamil, Alan B. Bond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

On close examination, human cultural artifacts bear the unmistakable impress of the structure of the human mind: our tools, habitations. and methods of communication have been molded to suit the strengths and limitations of the human cognitive system (Nosman 1988). It has not commonly been emphasized. however. that similar shaping processes have taken place over the course of biological evolution in response to the cognitive features of other, nonhuman species (Bonner 1980; von Frisch 1974).
Cognitive influences are particularly evident in the modifications of color patterns and behavior of prey species that take advantage of biases and constraints in the …

‘Neuroecologists’ Are Not Made Of Straw, Robert R. Hampton, Susan D. Healy, Sara J. Shettleworth, Alan Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

In the October issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Bolhuis and Macphail criticized the functional/evolutionary approach to the neural mechanisms of learning and memory, and concluded that the approach is ‘often misleading and might provide us with the wrong answers’ [1]. Their critique touches on a number of interesting issues, and provides a useful prompt to examine the role of an adaptationist approach to the study of cognition. In their effort to stimulate discussion, however, Bolhuis and Macphail have overstated positions they attribute to ‘neuroecologists’.

Spatial And Social Cognition In Corvids: An Evolutionary Approach, Russell P. Balda, Alan Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

The central research questions that have guided our studies since 1981 combine issues and techniques from both comparative psychology and avian ecology. Most of our questions originate from the cognitive implications of extensive field studies on the natural history, ecology, and behavior of seed-caching corvids. Because our questions have evolved as our studies progressed, we have chosen to give a historical perspective outlining the progression of our ideas and questions.

Clone Size Of Andropogon Gerardii Vitman (Big Bluestem) At Konza Prairie, Kansas, Kathleen H. Keeler, Charles F. Williams, Linda S. Vescio

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Clone size of plants of Andropogon gerardii from Konza Prairie Biological Station, Manhattan, Kansas was estimated from spatial patterns of genetic variation, using proteins detected by starch gel electrophoresis and DNA content (ploidy) measured by flow cytometry. Unique multi-locus protein banding patterns and differences in ploidy were used to exclude plants as members of the same clone. Individual clones averaged about 2 m in diameter and areas of prairie of 100 m² were calculated to contain an average of 31.8 genetic individuals.