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Significant Rises And Declines In Nebraska Groundwater Levels (From Pre-Development As Of Fall 1986)/Registered Irrigation Wells In Nebraska (As Of January 1, 1987), Conservation Survey Division, U.S. Geological Survey

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

10. Evidence For Continuous And Discontinuous Alteration In Dsdp Hole 418a Basalts And Its Significance To Natural Gamma-Ray Log Readings, Mary Anne Holmes

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 102, the Schlumberger natural gamma-ray spectrometry tool measured high potassium levels in one interval of DSDP Hole 418A basalts. Samples from that hole were examined by X-ray diffraction, SEM, and EDS analyses in order to identify mineral species responsible for the high readings. The results indicate that high K readings observed on wireline logs run in basement can be attributed to extensive low-temperature oxidative alteration resulting in formation of palagonite and K-rich clays (celadonite, potassic nontronite, and mixed-layer celadonite/ nontronite). Where these readings are accompanied by high porosity, low density, and low velocity readings, a …

Determining The Distribution Of Hydraulic Conductivity 1n A Fractured Limestone Aquifer By Simultaneous Injection And Geophysical Logging, Roger H. Morin, Alfred E. Hess, Frederick L. Paillee

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

i\ field technique for assessing the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer was applied to a fractured carbonate formation in southeastern Nevada. The technique combines the simultaneous usc of fluid injection and geophysical logging to measure in situ vertical distributions of fluid velocity and hydraulic head down the borehole; these data subsequently are analyzed to arrive at quantitative estimates of hydraulic conductivity across discrete intervals in the aquifer. The diagnostic capabilities of the analysis were found to be constraincd by the accuracy and resolution of the logging tools as well as by the hydraulic characteristics of the formation. …

Continuation Of A Deep Borehole Stress Measurement Profile Near The San Andreas Fault 1. Hydraulic Fracturing Stress Measurements At Hi Vista, Mojave Desert, California, Stephen H. Hickman, Mark D. Zoback, John H. Healy

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were made in a 592-m-deep well at Hi Vista, California, 32 km from the San Andreas fault in the western Mojave Desert. The relative magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses and the calculated overburden stress indicate that the stress regime at this site is transitional between thrust faulting and strike-slip faulting. The azimuths of the induced hydraulic fractureast Hi Vista exhibit considerable scatter, and the indicated direction of them aximum horizontal principal stress ranges from north-northeast to northwest. The measured magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses and the horizontal deviatoric stress in this well are less …

Hydraulic Fracturing In Situ Stress Measurements To 2.1 Km Depth At Cajon Pass, California, John H. Healy, Mark D. Zoback

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Stress measurements to 2.1km reveal stress changes with depth that cannot be explained by an elastic response to uniform crustal strain. The data at about 1 km depth suggest that the stress is limited by the frictional strength of rock and is perturbed at greater depths by faults which intersect the borehole. The stress
data indicate that there is little or no right-lateral shear stress acting on planes parallel to the San Andreas Fault.

A Few Parts In 108 Geodetic Baseline Repeatability In The Gulf Of California Using The Global Positioning System, David M. Tralli, Timothy H. Dixon

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic measurements of 350–650 km baselines across the Pacific-North America plate boundary in the Gulf of California are presented. The analysis employs a four-station U.S. fiducial network and combined carrier phase and pseudorange data. Water vapor radiometer (WVR) data at the Gulf sites are used to calibrate the GPS signal for wet tropospheric path delays. Residual tropospheric delays are modeled as first-order exponentially correlated stochastic processes. The measurement precision for horizontal components is a few parts in 10⁸ or better. Comparison of the Gulf data with other geodetic techniques is not yet possible, however the …

Pseudosinella Revisited (Collembola, Entomobryinae), Kenneth Christiansen

International Journal of Speleology

Eight controversies are active in the study of macroevolution. These are: 1) the meaning of the term macroevolution, 2) the role of chance, 3) the role of stasis and gradualism, 4) whether significant change is Iimited to speciation events, 5) the environmental conditions where macroevolutionary change occurs, 6) whether Neodarwinian mechanisms are adequate to explain change, 7) the existence and nature of hierarchical evolutìonary processes, and 8) Darwin’s views about all this. After a brief examination of each of these issues we used the extensive data available for 9 species of European and Nearctic cave Pseudosinella to examine the third, …

Paleoenvironment And Speciation In The Cave Beetle Complex Speonomus Delarouzeei (Coleoptera, Bathysciinae), Christian Juberthie

International Journal of Speleology

In the eastern part of the Pyrenees (France) the author describes a scenario of speciation in the cave species complex Speonomus delarouzeei (Coleoptera Bathysciinae); the speciation processes have been initiated by a breakdown of the ecological equilibrium induced during three glacial-interglacial episodes. The scenario is the following: — during the first glaciation (2.3-2.1 MY), psychrophilic populations ancestral to S. brucki were selected over the highest elevation of the range, by means of cold effect which produced an adaptive demographic advantage; adaptive characters of troglobitic species (K strategy) take place presumably in relation to colonization of caves and M.S.S.; — during …

Evolutionary Genetics And Morphometrics Of A Cave Crayfish Population From Chiapas (Mexico), Valerio Sbordoni, Giuliana Allegrucci, Fabiola Baldari, Donatella Cesaroni

International Journal of Speleology

The recently explored Cueva de Los Camarones, in the remote village of Constitucion, Chiapas, Mexico, houses a unique highly variable population of Procambarus crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda). Morphologically, a more or less clinal variation is revealed at several features such as the degree of rudimentation in both pigmentation and eye, and the elongation of body and appendages. Extremes are quite different, ranging from typical dark, thick, eyed individuals to light, elongated, microphtalmic phenotypes. Evolutionary relationships among individuals were investigated electrophoretically (25 structural gene loci) and morphometrically (12 characters) by means of multivariate analyses. Results from analysis of individual allozymic multilocus profiles …

Mating Behaviour And Barriers To Hybridization In The Cave Beetle Of The Speonomus Delarouzeei Complex (Coleoptera, Catopidae, Bathysciinae), Lysiane Juberthie-Jupeau

International Journal of Speleology

The complex Speonomus delarouzeei combines 6 species which were previously synonymized. Using behavioural data, based on 12 populations, the author assesses the validity of 4 species and points out the occurrence of 2 species as yet undescribed. Constant and important differences during the mating appear between these different species. They concern the number of behavioural steps, the duration, the number of clappings of antennae, the abdominal male movements and the rubbing of female abdomen. The results of crossing experiments between different species indicate a prezygotic reproductive isolation with atypical matings and no sperm deposit. Between the populations of S. delarouzeei …

Proterozoic Structures In North-Central North Dakota: A Gravity Study, Kathryn C. Luther

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of the contact between the Superior Craton and the Trans-Hudson orogenic belt in north-central North Dakota between latitude 48 and 49 degrees north and longitude 100 and 102 degrees west, using gravity modeling. Major structural and geochronologic boundaries beneath the eastern flank of the Williston Basin in North Dakota and southern Canada appear as coherent patterns on a Bouguer gravity map.

The contribution of the Phanerozoic overburden (density assumed to be 2 . 48 g cm- 3 ) to the gravity signal, was removed, leaving residual gravity anomalies due to …

Cenozoic Paleoceanography 1986: An Introduction, W. H. Berger, Larry A. Mayer

Affiliate Scholarship

New developments in Cenozoic paleoceanography include the application of climate models and atmospheric general circulation models to questions of climate reconstruction, the refinement of conceptual models for interpretation of the carbon isotope record in terms of carbon mass balance, paleocirculation, paleoproductivity, and the regional mapping of paleoceanographic events by acoustic stratigraphy. Sea level change emerges as a master variable to which changes in the ocean environment must be traced in many cases, and tests of the onlap-offlap paradigm therefore are of crucial importance.

Feasibility Of The Proposed Garden Lane Recharge Basin In Portage, Michigan, Sandra K. Barnick

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of proposed artificial recharge basins at the Garden Lane Well Field in Portage, Michigan. The area is underlain by 7 feet of muck, 27 feet of sand and gravel, and a 10 foot semiconfining till over a semiconfined aquifer.

The vertical permeability of the semiconfining layer, and the hydraulic head difference between the upper unconfined aquifer and the lower semiconfined aquifer were determined. This was accomplished by conducting a constant-rate pump test. Test data were interpreted by three methods: (1) drawdown vs. time (both logarithmic and semilogarithmic), (2) recovery …

Nutrient Losses From Conventional And No-Till Cornfields, Robert L. Blevins, Wilbur Frye

Soil Science News and Views

Farmers must be concerned about both the monetary loss and the threat of groundwater and surface water pollution associated with the loss of plant nutrients from their fields. There is also an increasing public concern about pollution and the role of agriculture in nonpoint-source pollution. Movement of water over the surface of the soil as well as through the soil profile increases the potential for loss of water-soluble nutrients, especially nitrates.

A Trace Element Geochemical Analysis Of The Lake Ellen Kimberlite, Crystal Falls, Michigan, U.S.A., Michelle Ellen Fults

Masters Theses

The Lake Ellen kimberlite located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan represents a possible bedrock source for the diamonds found in the glacial deposits around the Great Lakes. The purpose of this research was to undertake a geochemical analysis in order to better understand the evolution of the kimberlite body and to elucidate on the garnet xenolith paragenesis.

Both instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) were utilized in this research. The INAA revealed that with respect to other types of upper mantle rocks, the Lake Ellen kimberlite is enriched in both the light rare earth …

A Seismic Reflection Survey Over The Wayne-25 Oil Field In Cass County, Michigan, Paul D. Horton

Masters Theses

The "optimum window" seismic reflection method was used in an endeavor to further define an oil producing structure in the Traverse Limestone. This method entails using a source-geophone offset which allows desired reflections to arrive in an undisturbed time zone.

Several sources in the study area produced seismic pulses with relatively high dominant frequency components ranging from 80 to 120 hertz. However, only small charges of dynamite produced sufficient energy to penetrate the glacial drift in the study area.

Preliminarily identified reflection arrivals from the targeted horizon were consistently masked in seismic profiling records by high amplitude, low velocity seismic …

Depth Profiles And Soil Textures Of The Vernal Pools Of The Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve, Riverside County, California, Ralph Charles Workman Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this project was to study the edaphic and topographic characteristics of the 13 vernal pools on the Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve, thus documenting the role soil texture plays in vernal pool formation.

Several field and laboratory procedures were used to demonstrate that there is a higher percentage of clay present within vernal pools than in soils outside the margin of the pools, for 11 out of the 13 pools. Statistical tests showed that the percentage of clay was highly significant within the center soil of the pool as compared to the soil outside the margin of the …

Deposition, Diagenesis, And Porosity Development Of The Middle Devonian, Lucas Formation In The West Branch Oil Field, Ogemaw County, Michigan, Scott Gregory Park

Masters Theses

The Lucas Formation in the West Branch Oil Field contains over 1000 feet of carbonates and evaporites deposited in restricted marine environments. Deposition ranged from a tidal flat environment (Richfield Member) to subaqueous basin central type deposition (Iutzi and Horner Members).

Early diagenesis of the Lucas Formation carbonates included dolomitization and related porosity development in certain depositional facies where physiochemical conditions were favorable. Significant porosity and permeability reduction occurred during burial resulting from anhydrite, celestite, and halite cementation. Calcite pseudopar and microspar (a neomorphic product) also reduced porosity.

Hydrocarbon production from the Lucas Formation in the West Branch Field is …

The Onset Of Spring Melt In First-Year Ice Regions Of The Arctic As Determined From Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer Data For 1979 And 1980, Mark R. Anderson

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Sea ice ablation is an important physical process affecting the global climate system. During the Arctic melt season, rapid changes occur in both sea ice surface conditions and the extent of ice. These changes alter the albedo and vary the surface energy budget. Understanding variations in Arctic sea ice is critical for global climate studies. This paper investigates the spring onset of melt in the Arctic seasonal sea ice zone through analysis of melt signatures derived from Nimbus 7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer data. Satellite-derived melt signatures, determined by 18- and 37-GHz vertical brightness temperatures, are associated with the initial …

Potassium Mineralogy Of Kentucky Soils, Anastasios D. Karathanasis

Soil Science News and Views

Feldspars and mica minerals are the two primary natural sources of potassium for most agricultural soils in Kentucky. Potassium feldspars are common mineral constituents of loess deposits in western Kentucky. Mica minerals, although dominant in shales, are also found in variable quantities in siltstone, sandstone and limestone parent materials of soils in the other regions of Kentucky. Because most of the soils in the western Coalfields and western Pennyroyal, and to a lesser extent in eastern Pennyroyal and Bluegrass, are covered by a loess cap of variable thickness, their surface mineralogy has been influenced by the feldspar-rich mineralogy of the …

Water Erosion In The Geraldton Area During June-July 1986, K J. Bligh

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Geology Newsletter- 1987, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol.1, No. 12

• Dear Alumni and Friends
• Groundwater Research Center
• Core Research Laboratory
• W. David Kuenzi Scholarship Fund
• Geology Development and Scholarship Fund
• Faculty Briefs
• 1987 Speakers Program
• Geology/Earth Science Club
• Awards & Scholarships
• Graduate Students
• Alumni Lines

An Economical Field Datalogger, Norbert H. Maerz, M. B. Dusseault, R. W. Gillham

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Data acquisition is important in geotechnical and hydrological field investigations. Commercially available data acquisitions systems are often not well suited to field use, and can be costly. An alternative to buying a data acquisition system is to build one, and recent advances in computer micro-chip technology have made it easy to understand, design and build simple data acquisition devices.

The design of a data acquisition system developed at the University of Waterloo, along with an example of its use, is discussed in the paper. The intent was to sample 16 channels at 12 bit resolution for prolonged periods under adverse …

Microcomputer Image Analysis Of Rock Fabric, Norbert H. Maerz, C. P. Bennettt, B. A. Dony

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The behavior of many types of rock is largely dependent on the fabric of the rock mass. Current methods of manually measuring the discontinuity networks in rock masses are slow, tedious and error prone. The alternative is to make automated measurements of rock jointing parameters on digital images of rock faces in mines, tunnels, and surface excavations.

Photoanalysis techniques are being developed to measure various rock fabric parameters. Techniques presented here include the generation of a joint trace map from a photograph, and the measurement of simple statistics on the joint trace map. Methods are also presented for the determination …

Classifying Oregon Lake-Watershed Ecosystems For Regional Water Resources Assessment, Randall Alan Jones

Dissertations and Theses

Natural lake-watershed ecosystems in Oregon compose a diverse and valuable assemblage of land and water resources. With an increasing demand on lakes for recreation, water supplies, and aesthetic values and an increase in available data on Oregon lake systems, there is a need for applicable and timely scientific water management information about lake conditions statewide. This thesis is an attempt to summarize some of the data collected on natural Oregon lake-watershed ecosystems.

The purpose of the thesis is to identify the most typical natural systems out of an initial data base of twenty-four variables, measured over ninety-eight lake-watershed ecosystems. The …

Using Residual Soil Fertility Effectively, Grant W. Thomas

Soil Science News and Views

During the past 30 years, the use of commercial fertilizer in Kentucky has resulted in increases in the levels of phosphorus and potassium in soils. As might be expected, the soil test levels are higher with tobacco than with any other crop. but all soils for all crops show increases in fertility levels. Comparisons between 1975 and 1985 (the latest year available) show the proportion of samples sent to the University of Kentucky that are medium or high in soil test phosphorus has increased considerably. Even more striking is the decrease in very low values of phosphorus.

Fox Squirrel Interaction With Electrical Transformers, J. Christopher Hamilton

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Fox Squirrel Interaction With Electrical Transformers, J. Christipher Hamilton

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Discrimination Of Subparallel Beach Ridges Using Detrital Ilmenite Composition And Fourier Shape Analysis, Allen E. Evans Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

Elemental composition (Fe, Ti, Mn, Mg, V, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr) and Fourier shape analysis of magnetically separated detrital ilmenite from seven Pleistocene and modern beach sand deposits of the Southeastern Virginia Coastal Plain were used to distinguish each deposit. Geomorphic expression, crosscutting relationships and proximity to the present shoreline differentiates the relative age of the seven sampled beach deposits. Analysis of ilmenite elemental composition, independent of geomorphic expression, distinguished beach sands of

different age and was successful in determining that each beach contained ilmenite similar in composition. Of the seven beach ridges tested, subtle yet significant differences in …

Sulfide In Shelf/Slope Waters Of The Western Atlantic, Christian F. Krahforst

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sulfide in the surface ocean has been recently considered as a source of hydrogen sulfide gas in the marine boundary layer. This "oxic" sulfide may also be important as a ligand in trace metal complexation. In the absence of actual data, the existence of sulfide in the ocean mixed layer remains speculative. The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive technique (having picomolar detection limits) for the determination of sulfide in seawater, and to investigate the distribution of sulfide in the surface ocean.

In order to assess the abundance and distribution of sulfide in surface waters, samples were …