Digital Commons Network^™

Impact Of Riparian Grass Filter Strips On Surface-Water Quality, Alex W. Fogle, Daniel I. Carey, Billy J. Barfield, Robert L. Blevins, Vasilios P. Evangelou, Cora E. Madison, Shreeram P. Inamdar

Information Circular--KGS

The effectiveness of natural riparian grass filter strips in removing sediment and agricultural chemicals from surface runoff was studied using no-tillage and conventional-tillage erosion plots. Runoff from the tillage plots was directed onto 4.57, 9.14, and 13.72 m (15, 30, and 45 ft.) length filter strips, where the inflow and outflow concentrations and sediment size distributions were measured. Trapping efficiencies for sediment and agricultural chemicals typically ranged near or above 90 percent, mainly because of high infiltration rates. The filters also significantly reduced peak discharge concentrations, which reduced the impact of sediment and agricultural chemicals on receiving surface waters.

Available Coal Resources Of The Salyersville South 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Magoffin County, Kentucky, Robert E. Andrews, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, John K. Hiett, Richard E. Sergeant

Information Circular--KGS

Coal resources available for mining have been estimated for the Salyersville South Quadrangle, which is located in the Licking River Coal Reserve District of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. Nine coal beds within the quadrangle are potentially mineable and constitute the basis of these resource estimates. Seven of these beds have been commercially developed, but only five have produced more than 1 million tons: from youngest to oldest, the Skyline A, Lower Broas, Lower Peach Orchard, Middle Peach Orchard, and Upper Peach Orchard. A computerized Geographic Information System was used to calculate estimates of original, mined-out, and remaining resources, as …

Limestone And Lime For So2 And Pollutant Control In The Ohio Valley, James C. Cobb, Garland R. Dever Jr.

Information Circular--KGS

The purpose of this conference is to emphasize the importance of limestone resources for controlling SO₂ emissions from coal-fired power plants. We have brought together experts from utilities to describe important factors in limestone performance in scrubbers and from the stone industry to describe important factors in limestone and lime production. Conference speakers include also representatives from research institutes, equipment manufacturers, government agencies, and geological surveys.

Chemical And Statistical Analysis Of A Sampled Interval In The Camp Nelson Limestone (Upper Ordovician) Madison County, Central Kentucky, Garland R. Dever Jr., Warren H. Anderson, Henry E. Francis, O. Barton Davidson, Mark F. Thompson

Information Circular--KGS

The Camp Nelson Limestone of the High Bridge Group (Upper Ordovician) is mined at seven sites in central and north-central Kentucky for industrial, construction, and agricultural uses. As part of a regional investigation of its chemical characteristics, a 67-foot section in the upper Camp Nelson, which is being mined at Boonesborough, Madison County, was sampled for major-element analysis.

The upper Camp Nelson in the Boonesborough Mine consists of two zones (23 and 30 feet thick) of low-silica stone (4 percent or less total SiO₂) separated by a 14-foot section of slightly argillaceous limestone with an average silica content …

Bituminous Fly Ash Release Potential Modeling And Remediation Of Arsenic, Boron And Heavy Metals, V. P. Evangelou

KWRRI Research Reports

In Kentucky, approximately 3 million tons of coal fly ash are produced annually at a disposal cost around $20 per ton. Moreover, disposal is becoming a major issue because of the ash's potential to contaminate surface and groundwater with arsenic, boron, heavy metals, etc. Knowledge on the chemistry of fly ash is essential in developing a methodology that can predict release rate(s) and concentration(s) of chemical constituents of environmental concern (pollutants). Currently, there is major concern in the state how to dispose of safely the fly ash generated from the combustion of coal by electrical generating plants. Safe disposal of …

An Outcome-Based Curriculum Design For Seventh Grade Earth Science, Jeffrey Scott Fields

All Graduate Projects

This project presents a curriculum design to be used for the seventh grade Earth Science course taught at Centerville School. The curriculum was created by modifying the district's student learning objectives into outcome-based objectives, lessons and units. This project was designed with the intent of enhancing the teaching of earth science and aiding other teachers in the district by giving them a possible model for their own curricula comparison and adoptions. The curriculum design was successful in meeting these intentions.

Evaluation Of A Possible Subsurface Impact Crater: The Newporte Structure, Northwestern Renville County, North Dakota, Timothy R. Gerlach

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if enough evidence exists to support an impact origin hypothesis the Newporte structure. Newporte, a petroliferous, subsurface, crater-shaped feature is located one mile south of the North Dakota - Saskatchewan border in Renville County. It is evident in Precambrian through Ordovician strata at depths of 9100 to 9600 ft (2774 to 2926 m) structure is approximately 2.0 miles (J.2 km) in diameter. Shell Oil company discovered Newporte field when testing this seismically-defined structure in 1977.

Seismic reflection profiling data and synthetic seismograms were used to generate maps that confirmed the circularity of …

A Comparison Of Wellhead Protection Area Delineation Methods At Larimore, North Dakota, Barbara L. Sahl

Theses and Dissertations

Many communities in North Dakota rely on water from shallow, unconfined aquifers that are vulnerable to contamination. A strategy to protect public groundwater supplies is the delineation of wellhead protection areas (WHPAs) around the area which contributes water to a well. Several delineation methods are available, all of which have simplifying assumptions which affect the size or shape of a predicted WHPA.

Five WHPA delineation methods were compared to determine which simplified the aquifer/well system while preserving essential hydrogeologic features. A simple system may not require a complex model to predict an accurate WHPA. Sensitivity of each to changes in …

Preferential Flow Mechanisms : Their Interaction And Effect On Dye Movement In Till And Glaciolacustrine Sediment, Calvin D. Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

Contamination of groundwater by agricultural chemicals is of concern to the population of the Northern Great Plains. Preferential flow (macropore, finger, and funnel) allows such chemicals to move relatively rapidly through materials considered to be aquitards. Preferential flow mechanisms at two sites in North Dakota, one in till, the other in glaciolacustrine sediments were determined by application of blue dye (FD&C No 1) solution to framed sites (9m2 & 4m2) with the topsoil removed. The sites were then cored and blocks hand-excavated to depths of 1.5 and 2.5-meters. The three types of preferential flow (macropore, finger, and funnel) were analyzed …

The Champlain Thrust System In Northwestern Vermont - Structure And Lithology Of The Taconic Foreland Sequence In The Highgate Center Quadrangle, Michael Roger Haschke

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Champlain Thrust System, responsible for the final emplacement of the Taconic Allochthon, and which represents the surface trace of the main detachment under the Taconic suite, can be traced throughout the study area in northwestern Vermont, northward into southern Quebec. In the Highgate and St. Albans area this imbricated assemblage consists of 3 main carbonate thrust slices (Highgate Springs-, Philipsburg-, Rosenberg slice), each of which contain rocks deposited during some part of early Cambrian to medial Ordovician time. The Highgate Springs sequence comprises a mildly deformed early to medial Ordovician carbonate-shale succession. Late Cambrian to early Ordovician carbonates of …

Structure And Tectonic Significance Of Deformed Medial Ordovician Flysch And Melange Between Albany And Saratoga Lake And In The Central Hudson Valley, New York, Andreas Plesch

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The belt of medial Ordovician deformed flysch west of the traditionally defined Taconic boundary thrust was investigated by detailed mapping in the Capital District, from Albany to Saratoga Lake, and large scale compilation of the central Hudson Valley, between Glens Falls and Middletown. Maps and detailed sections are presented. Mapping recognized a two-fold division into a western belt of folded and faulted flysch and an eastern belt which is dominated by tectonic melange. The Folded and Faulted Flysch unit shows northward fining from greywacke-dominated to shale-dominated. Isoclinal folding and incipient melanges are characteristic in the south, whereas in the north …

Stable Isotopes Of Oxygen And Hydrogen In The Truckee River-Pyramid Lake Surface-Water System, 2. A Predictive Model Of Δ18O And Δ2H In Pyramid Lake, S. W. Hostetler, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A physically based model of variations in δ¹⁸O and δ²H in Pyramid Lake is presented. For inputs, the model uses measurements of liquid water inflows and outflows and their associated isotopic compositions and a set of meteorological data (radiative fluxes, air temperature, relative humidity, and windspced). The model simulates change of lake volume, thermal and isotopic stratification, evaporation, and the isotopic composition of evaporation. A validation of the model for 1987-1989 and 1991 indicates that it can reproduce measured intra- and interannual variations of δ¹⁸O and δ²H. Three applications of the model …

Rocks And Minerals Of Kentucky, Warren H. Anderson

Special Publication--KGS

This publication gives information about rocks and minerals of Kentucky and is organized to (1) help in your identification and study of Kentucky rocks and minerals, (2) explain how rocks and minerals are formed and why they are important to the Commonwealth, and (3) be a simplified reference.

Ground Water In The Kentucky River Basin, Daniel I. Carey, James C. Currens, James S. Dinger, James A. Kipp, David R. Wunsch, Philip G. Conrad

Information Circular--KGS

Most private wells in the Kentucky River Basin are in unconfined or semi-confined bedrock aquifers. Within these aquifers, high-yield zones are irregularly distributed. The most productive wells are drilled into fractured bedrock and alluvium along the Kentucky River floodplain. The data indicate that ground water acts as a buffer to peak and low flows in Kentucky River Basin streams. At current withdrawal rates, ground-water usage does not seem to have an adverse impact on the Kentucky River. Privately owned ground-water sources supply approximately 135,000 people living in the basin-approximately 19 percent of the total population and 36 percent of the …

Die Slowakischen Shauhöhlen Und Ihre Probleme, Ivan Racko

International Journal of Speleology

In 1960 the Slovak Caves Administration, which managed twelve Slovak Caves was founded. It was controlled by the Ministry of Culture of the Slovak Socialist Republic and comprised also the Museum of Slovak Karst and the Slovak Speleological Society - a free speleological organisation. In 1981 such an Administration became part of the State Centre for the Protection of Nature. The main task of this centre was obviously the protection of nature in Slovakia but unfortunately many problems remained unsolved. The social movement in November 1989 accelerated the process to solve such problems and the Forum of Professional Workers of …

Activity Of The Scientific Commission Of "Grotta Grande Del Vento" (Genga, Ancona, Central Italy), Mario Bertolani, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

The Grotta Grande del Vento (the Great Wind Cave) was discovered in 1971. An administrative body (the “Consorzio Frasassi”) under the control of some local authorities took care of its development and the cave was opened to tourists in 1974. A Scientific Commission formed by some experts (choosen by the Consorzio Frasassi) of different disciplines was established in 1975. During these 15 years the Commission acted as an advisory committee for the Consorzio in order to guarantee the protection of the cave environment. In particular the Commission set up a monitoring network of the most important environmental parameters (air and …

Towards Regressive Evolution: The Periodic Colour Change Behaviour Of A Troglophilic Fish Nemacheilus Evezardi (Day), Rohit K. Pradhan, Jayant Biswas

International Journal of Speleology

Present study is an attempt to know the existence of colour change physiology of the cave fish Nemacheilus evezardi (Day) along a circadian time scale. Though, due to subterranean mode of life, practically this function has no survival value. The study has been conducted simultaneously in two different photoperiodic conditions (LD 00: 24 and LD 12:12 hr). The variation in different states of chromatophore has been computed with respect to different time points of the day. Results suggest that the phenomenon is lying completely disturbed in its in situ conditions. Interestingly, circadian rhythm in all the types of chromatophores were …

Management Of Some Unusual Features In The Show Caves Of The United States, Jeanne Gurnee

International Journal of Speleology

Protection of the unusual features in some of the 200 show caves of the U.S. have required innovative management. The sea caves of both the east and west coasts present the need for special preservation methods. Throughout the nation sometimes glass enclosures, vehicles and boats are used to separate visitors from sensitive cave features. Lighting and cleaning techniques have been studied and altered to discourage growth of algae. Some show caves are protected by double glass entrance and exit doors. Many caves, particularly on public lands, are closed during the hibernation period of endangered bats. In a number of caves, …

Faunistic Study In The Karst Complex Of Frasassi (Genga, Italy), Roberto Bertolani, Gian Carlo Manicardi, Lorena Rebecchi

International Journal of Speleology

The cave fauna of the karst complex of Frasassi (Genga. Ancona, Italy), which includes a tourist attraction, was surveyed to provide detailed information on the hypogean animal populations. Indeed, for this area, only sporadic and limited studies are known in the literature to date. The bat populations, recently analyzed by Bassi and Fabbri (1986-87), were excluded from our study. Ten collection campaigns were carried out in 12 different caves, including the tourist site, over a span of two years. Three caves were considered in all the collections and the others only on one or two occasions. The animals were captured …

230Th Dating Of The Speleothems From The "Grotta Del Fiume-Grotta Grande Del Vento" Karst System In Frasassi (Ancona, Italy) And Paleoenvironmental Implications, Adriano Taddeucci, Paola Tuccimei, Mario Voltaggio

International Journal of Speleology

Chronological measurements have been carried out on speleothems from the Grotta del Fiume-Grotta Grande del Vento karst system in Frasassi (Ancona, Italy) by means of the ²³⁰Th radiometric method in order to date hypogean karst levels and related geological events. Higher levels were found to be older than the lower ones according to standstills and sinkings of the water table. The dated speleothems from the first and second level formed less than 10,000 years ago; the minimum ages of the third and fifth levels, which are respectively 130,000 and 200,000 years old, were correlated to climatic events. Dating different …

Proposition Pour Une Étude Micro-Climatique En Zones Souterraines Profondes, Jacques Choppy, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

Deep underground zones of karst systems are practically isolated from the outside influence and their climatological characteristics are scarcely known. To improve the knowledge of the karst areas it would be therefore rather useful to obtain energy balances for different environmental situations in order to evaluate both the deep climatological phenomena and the outside influence.

Descrizione Morfologica E Stima Dell'impatto Ambientale Derivante Dall'apertura Al Pubblico Delle Grotte Di "Is Zuddas" Presso Santadi (Nuoro, Sardegna, Italia), Roberto Curreli, Nicolino Diana, Antonello Floris, Antonello Sulas

International Journal of Speleology

After a short history of the discovery of the caves of “Is Zuddas” a geological description of the region and the geomorphological evolution of the cave are recorded. The results of a preliminary climatological research are reported and a rough evaluation of the visitors capacity is also given.

Die Saalfelder Feengrotten: Ein Schaubergwerk Mit Höhlencharkter, Bernd Lochner

International Journal of Speleology

The well known “Saalfelder Feengrotten” originated from an old aluminium mine called “Jeremiasglück”. The mine has been working from 1943 to 1945; the oldest formations have an age of about 350 years. Such formations were formed by an oxidation process which explains the rather fast growth rate in comparison to the growth rate of calcite formations. In the “Feengrotten” rare minerals can be found: the most common is a soft unstable compound, the diadochite (iron(III) phosphate). The control of the lampenflora is rather complicate and it is obtained with some compounds normally used in caves. The “Feengrotten” are visited yearly …

La Cueva Del Tesoro - Rincón De La Victoria (Málaga, España), Antonio Guzmán, Fernando Mendoza, José Luís Gutiérrez

International Journal of Speleology

«La Cueva del Tesoro» (The Treasure Cave) is located on the East, 10 kilometres from the city of Málaga, in a coastal promontory called «El Cantal» (a small steep), which is situated in the municipality of Rincón de la Victoria. The composition of land in this zone «El Cantal» is made up of limestone and there are many caves which are located within a radius of 2 kilometres, although some of them have already disappeared: la Cueva del Tesoro, la cueva del Hoyo de la Mina, Cuevas de Navarro, Cuevas de la Cantera, Cueva de los Molinos, Cueva de la …

La Grotta Del Vento: Una Realta'nel Contesto Del Parco Naturale Delle Alpi Apuane, Vittorio Verole-Bozzello

International Journal of Speleology

After a short history of the explorations of the cave its development as a show cave is here reported with details. Such a development was carried out in order to preserve not only the physical integrity of the cave environment but also to keep the tourists’ approach as natural as possible. In co-operation with the Medical Faculty of the Pisa University the cave is also used since many years for an interesting and quite successful experiment for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

A New Species Of Troglobius (Collembola, Paronellidae) From Brazil, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Douglas Zeppelini

International Journal of Speleology

Troglobius brasiliensis n. sp. from two caves of Brazil is described and illustrated.

Sinogammarus Troglodytes N. Gen. N. Sp. A New Troglobiont Gammarid From China (Crustacea Amphipoda), Gordon Karaman, Sandro Ruffo

International Journal of Speleology

The authors describe Sinogammarus troglodytes n. gen. n. sp. found in two caves in Sichuan province in China, the first Chinese troglobite of the Gammaridae family (sensu Barnard & Barnard, 1983; 1990). The new genus is discussed and compared with the microphthalmous and anophthalmous genera of Gammaridae, heretofore known in the subterranean waters of the Balkan peninsula and the Caucasus region. The genus Sinogammarus is most closely allied to Gammarus Fabricius and Anopogammarus Derzhavin.

Some Remarks On The Genus Microcharon Karaman In Greece, And Description Of M. Agripensis N. Sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Microparasellidae), Diana M. P. Galassi, Paola De Laurentiis, Giuseppe L. Pesce

International Journal of Speleology

Several samples of microparasellid isopods of the genus Microcharon Karaman were obtained in groundwater habitats of Greece. Four species are identified, and taxonomical and zoogeographical remarks on some rare or poorly known taxa are made. One species, herein described as Microcharon agripensis n. sp., is new to Science. M. latus prespensis Karaman, 1954, on account of the different morphology of the first and second male pleopods, and its partially overlapping distribution, in respect to M. latus Karaman, 1934, is definitively raised at specific rank. Supplementary descriptions and illustrations are reported for incompletely described species such as M. latus, M. …

A New Jujiroa From Sichuan, China (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Augusto Vigna Taglianti

International Journal of Speleology

Jujiroa iolandae n.sp. is described from Liujia Cave in China (Sichuan, near Huaying, between Chongqing and Nanchong). Strongly depigmented, with very reduced eyes and markedly elongated appendages, it is well distinguishable from Taiwanese and Japanese species, and from the two previously known species from China. One of these, J. suensoni from Shangxi, is quite different (its doubtful taxonomic position is perhaps to be referred to another genus or lineage); the other, J. rufescens from Jiangxi (Fujian), is more related to the new species, that differs by the longer and more sinuate pronotum, with fore and hind angles much more produced, …

Life Cycle And Population Ecology Of The Cave Cricket Dolichopoda Geniculata (Costa) From Valmarino Cave (Central Italy), Glanmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

A D. geniculata population inhabiting a natural cave at low altitude near seashore was followed during two years. The population size, distribution in three age classes, spatial distribution, feeding habits were recorded. The life-cycle was found semivoltine, with overlaps between next choorts in each age class. A comparison to other Dolichopoda showed that the population of Valmarino cave is one of the best adapted to cave life, and this may be related with both historical and present geographical and ecological conditions of the cave.