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Small Oligocene Amphicyonids From North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora), Robert M. Hunt Jr.

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

North American amphicyonid camivorans are important members of the mid-Cenozoic terrestrial carnivore community during the late Eocene to late Miocene (Duchesnean to Clarendonian). Species range in size from < 5 kg to > 200 kg. Among the smallest and rarest amphicyonids are Oligocene species of Paradaphoenus Wortman and Matthew, found at a few localities in the Great Plains and the Pacific Northwest. Paradaphoenus is known from only 10 individuals placed in 3 species (P. minimus; P. tooheyi. n. sp.; P. cuspigerus). representing a single lineage ranging from the Orellan to Arikareean. The existence of three skulls, one with associated mandibles, allows …

Variations Of Teleconnection Of Enso And Interannual Variation In Summer Rainfall In The Central United States, Q. Steven Hu, Yongjun Zheng

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Summer rainfall in the central United States has singular interannual variations of a 3–6-yr period. Identifying the causes of these variations assures improvement in predictions of summer rainfall in the region.

A review of previous studies revealed a puzzling situation: the outstanding interannual variations of the summer rainfall in the central United States showed no persistent correlations with known influential interannual variations in the Northern Hemisphere and the El Nin ̃o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study was undertaken to identify the cause of this situation and ultimately explain the causes of the observed interannual summer rainfall variations. Its results showed a …

Soil Factors Influencing Eutrophication. In Soilguide. A Handbook For Understanding And Managing Agricultural Soils. (Ed. Geoff Moore), David Weaver, Robert Summers

Bulletins 4000 -

Eutrophication is essentially the nutrient enrichment of waterways leading to algal growth. It must be controlled to maintain sustainable agricultural systems and the main mechanisms of control are stabilising catchment processes and reducing nutrient output.

Eutrophication can be defined as 'the nutrient enrichment of waters which results in the stimulation of an array of symptomatic changes, among which increased production of algae and macrophytes, deterioration of water quality and other symptomatic changes, are found to be undesirable and interfere with water uses' (OECD 1982). The word eutrophic is a Greek word that means 'well fed'. The food referred to is …

Cruise Reveals History Of Holocene Larsen Ice Shelf, Eugene Domack, Amy Leventer, Robert Gilbert, Stefanie Brachfeld, Scott Ishman, Angelo Camerlenghi, Kathleen Gavahan, David Carlson, Athen Barkoukis

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Hydrogeologic Conditions Around Deep Aeration Lagoons At The Bardstown Wastewater Treatment Plant, David R. Wunsch, Gregory L. Secrist, Lyle V.A. Sendlein

Report of Investigations--KGS

The hydrogeologic conditions around the Bardstown Sewage Treatment Plant were studied from August 1996 through December 1997. Hydraulic and geochemical data were collected from eight monitoring wells and four surface-water monitoring sites on the plant property.

There is a large hydraulic gradient between the lagoons at the plant and the surrounding stream, Town Creek. Initial water-level measurements in wells surrounding the site suggest no major leakage from the lagoons, however. Neither flowing artesian conditions nor unusually high water levels were observed in any of the wells. Water-level measurements collected by data loggers showed that shallow wells responded quickly to recharge, …

Ichnology Of Holocene Carbonate Eolianites Of The Bahamas, H. Allen Curran, Brian White

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Plasticity Of Modern And Cenozoic Burrowing Thalassinidean Shrimp, M. F. Miller, H. Allen Curran

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Resilience And Recovery Of Coral Reefs From Large-Scale Disturbances: Contrasting Patterns For San Salvador Island, Bahamas, And Belize, Paulette M. Peckol, H. Allen Curran, Martha Robbart, Benjamin J. Greenstein

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Benjamin J. Greenstein and Cindy K. Carney (eds)

San Salvador, Gerace Research Center

Comparing Size In Lime, Mark Whitten

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Extensive research into the management of soil acidity in Western Australia is increasing farmer awareness that lime use can reduce soil acidity and improve crop yields. However, as lime use increases, the question of lime performance and particle size is becoming more critical. Chris Gazey from the Department of Agriculture is heading up the soil acidity project, with the team comprising members from the department, CSIRO and the University of Western Australia. Mark Whitten reports on project outcomes relating to lime particle size.

Use Of Principal Component Analysis To Determine Down-Hole Tool Orientation And Enhance Sh-Waves, Paul Michaels

CGISS Publications and Presentations

A common problem in down-hole shear wave surveys is the determination of the tool rotation relative to the seismic source polarization direction. This paper reports an algorithm which has been developed to solve for this angle in the horizontal plane. The method employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the angle from the large motion of the SH-wave (not first motion). Once the angle is known, the horizontal component data may be rotated so that one component is aligned with the source polarization, and the other orthogonal to it.

Significant findings include the following. First, subtraction of oppositely polarized source …

Earthquake Stress Drop And Laboratory-Inferred Interseismic Strength Recovery, N. M. Beeler, S. H. Hickman, T. F. Wong

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We determine the scaling relationships between earthquake stress drop and recurrence interval t, that are implied by laboratory-measured fault strength.  We assume that repeating earthquakes can be simulated by stick-slip sliding using a spring and slider block model.  Simulations with static/kinetic strength, time-dependent strength, and rate- and state-variable dependent strength indicate that the relationship between loading velociety and recurrence intercal can be adequately described be the power law V_L ∞ tⁿ_r, where n ≈ -1. Deviations from n≈ -1 arise from second order effects on strength, with n> -1 corresponding to apparent time-dependent …

Hydrogeology And Hydrochemistry Of The Jumbo And Pullman Valley Fens, Cherry County, Nebraska, F. E. Harvey, J. B. Swinehart, T. M. Kurtz

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Longshore Sediment Transport As A Function Of Energy Dissipation, Ernest R. Smith, Ping Wang

Geology Faculty Publications

Experiments to measure waves, currents, and sediment transport rate for two breaker types, plunging and spilling, were conducted in a large-scale three-dimensional physical model. It was found that there was a large difference in cross-shore distribution and total sediment transport rate between the two breaker types. Total transport rates compared to existing predictive equations. The equations generally did not predict the data well. With the exception of the Kamphuis (1991) equation, which included a dependence on wave period, the predictive equations did not differentiate between breaker types.

Adams County Test Hole Logs, Perry B. Wigley

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Bedrock Geology And Sea-Level History Of Fayetteville Quadrangle, Washington County, Arkansas, Maria E. King, Jack T. King, Stephen K. Boss

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A digital map depicting the detailed bedrock geology of Fayetteville Quadrangle, Washington County, Arkansas was produced at 1:24,000 scale. This map was developed utilizing state-of-the-art Geographic Information Systems technology and represents the most detailed map of the geology of Fayetteville Quadrangle that has been produced. In addition, the stratigraphy was interpreted to develop a regional sea-level history for the quadrangle. The bedrock geology of Fayetteville Quadrangle consists of sedimentary rocks of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian systems. The Mississippian System is represented by (in ascending order) the Boone, Batesville, Fayetteville, and Pitkin Formations. The Pennsylvanian System is represented by (in ascending …

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Western Pennyroyal Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-karst settings. Instead of flowing on the surface, the water flows underground through caves, sometimes reemerging at karst windows, then sinks again to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is …

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Eastern Pennyroyal Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-caves, sometimes reemerging at karst windows, then sinks again to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is influenced by the type of soluble rock and how it has been broken …

Coal Availability In Western Kentucky, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, William M. Andrews Jr., Robert E. Andrews, John K. Hiett

Report of Investigations--KGS

Fourteen quadrangles in five separate areas of the Western Kentucky Coal Field were studied to determine what factors affect the availability of coal for mining. Each study area consisted of at least two adjacent 7.5-minute quadrangles in order to account for the geologic variability across broad distances in western Kentucky, and determine how this variability affects availability. Areas both north and south of the Rough Creek Fault System were selected to measure the effect of different geologic, structural, and overburden settings on coal availability. The study emphasized the coals occurring stratigraphically between the Springfield and the Baker.

About 90 percent …

Efficiency Of The Inorganic Fertilization In The Cultivation Of Alfalfa (Medicated Sativa L) And Whitewashing For The Correction Of The Ph Of The Soil, Alex Gonzalo Bravo Morocho

Theses and Dissertations

In our country the necessity to offer new alternatives for the agricultural sector is high-priority especially for the lucern cultivation that every day is surface cultivated especially in the Chimborazo province increases; for what is of our interest to establish the answer from the cultivation to the inorganic fertilization and liming for the flora pH correction, for this way to obtain better yields and for consequence to improve the economic conditions of the farmers. With the result that the titled investigation: Efficiency of the Inorganic Fertilization in the Alfalfa Cultivation (Medicago sativa L) and Liming for the Correction of the …

Laboratory Denitrification Using Sediments From The Elk Valley Aquifer, Alison E. Kammer

Theses and Dissertations

An experiment was conducted to determine if a decrease in the content of sulfides related to denitrification could be measured in the laboratory using sediments of the Elk Valley Aquifer in eastern North Dakota. The experiment entailed analyzing sediments for sulfides and solid organic carbon and isolating them in sample containers with a nitrate solution to determine if a measurable decrease in these components could be observed.

Previous denitrification studies in the Elk Valley Aquifer showed an increase in sulfate in conjunction with a decrease in the concentration of nitrate. Sulfate is a by product of autotrophic denitrification where sulfide …

Sediment Characteristics Around The Kenyon Island Group, Great Sacandaga Lake (Ny): Economic Potential Of Dredging And Land Reclamation, Arthur M. Ambrosino

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Kenyon Island Group lies within the Great Sacandaga Lake's largest and most unnavigable shallow water shoal. The shoal measures approximately 5.0 mi². The Kenyon Islands, including Mead and Deer Islands, occupy approximately 3/4 mi² during the months of annual high lake level. During the late shallow water season of 1998, a NE to SW diagonal transect of nine core samples were collected by a Geoprobe coring device, with recoveries between 8' and 16' deep sections. In this study these cores were used to identify the stratigraphy, classify the sediment grain sizes, evaluate the abundance of economic …

Metamorphic And Tectonic Evolution Of The Hırkadağ Block, Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Donna L. Whitney, Yildirim Di̇lek

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Hırkadağ metamorphic block is a NE-SW-trending horst structure that is part of the Kırşehir Massif in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC). Along its southwestern margin, the block contains upper amphibolite facies metapelitic rocks that record peak metamorphic conditions of 670-710 °C, ~ 7 kbar, as determined by garnet-biotite geothermometry and garnet-sillimanite-plagioclase-quartz, garnet-rutile-sillimanite-ilmenite-quartz, and garnet-rutile-ilmenite-plagioclase-quartz geobarometry. A clockwise pressure-temperature path is inferred from thermobarometric results and analysis of reaction textures among aluminous phases. Following this medium-pressure metamorphism, low-pressure - high-temperature metamorphism resulted in widespread replacement of garnet by cordierite + spinel + sillimanite, partial replacement of spinel by corundum, …

Stratigraphy, Geochemistry And Depositional Environment Of The Celestine-Bearing Gypsiferous Formations Of The Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey), Erdoğan Teki̇n

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Celestine-bearing evaporite mineralization is widespread in the Tertiary evaporitic units of the Ulaş-Sivas Basin, east-central Anatolia. The oldest deposition of gypsum, which is of laminated character, occurred in a shallow inner-lagoonal environment or in depressions during Late Eocene regression. Thick gypsum and overlying beds composed of alternating bedded, nodular gypsum and sandstone developed in coastal sabkhas and abandoned channels within a meander-river complex during Oligocene time. The last occurrence of evaporitic units, namely massive and bedded gypsum alternating with sandstones and fossiliferous limestones, resulted from limited marine transgression of an Early Miocene sea along the southern margin of the Sivas …

Repetitive Subtidal-To-Coastal Sabkha Cycles From A Lower-Middle Miocene Marine Sequence, Eastern Sivas Basin, Faruk Ocakoğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In the study area, southeast of Zara in the Sivas Basin, the Lower-Middle Miocene marine Karacaören Formation consists of a succession of marine sedimentary rocks deposited within two trangressive-regressive cycles. The present study focuses on the facies characteristics, cyclic nature, and significance of the basin-wide distribution of a 100-m-thick gypsiferous sedimentary package overlying an otherwise transgressive segment of the lower sequence, within a marine setting. The typical lithologic expression of the studied sedimentary interval comprises generally fossiliferous mudstones, rare algal limestones and nodular gypsum. Detailed sedimentological observations, combined with palaeontological evidence, indicate that the mudstone intervals were deposited in a …

Extensional Tectonics And The Geometry Of Related Macroscopic Structures: Field Evidence From The Gediz Detachment, Western Turkey, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The large-scale, low-angle Gediz detachment fault that constitutes the southern margin of the Gediz graben (also known as the Alaşehir graben) has macroscopic structures of extensional origin, such as folds and back-tilted strata. The folds were formed as antiformal and synformal structures with axes both parallel and perpendicular to the extensional direction in their footwalls and hanging-walls, respectively. An extension-parallel antiform-synform pair in the footwall of the Gediz detachment, namely the Oyukkıran antiform and the Keserler synform, are recognized south of Dereköy village (Salihli) on the southern margin of the Gediz graben. These are NE-trending domal and basinal structures with …

The June 6, 2000, Orta (Çankırı, Turkey) Earthquake: Sourced From A New Antithetic Sinistral Strike-Slip Structure Of The North Anatolian Fault System, The Dodurga Fault Zone, Ali̇ Koçyi̇ği̇t, Bora Rojay, Mustafa Ci̇han, Arda Özacar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The İsmetpaşa-Kargı section of the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) consists of six subfault zones, namely the Eskipazar, the Ulusu, the Tosya, the Çerkeş-Kurşunlu, the Devrez and the newly detected Dodurga fault zone (DFZ). Together these fault zones form a well-developed dextral strike-slip-faulting pattern, in which the DFZ is an antithetic secondary strike-slip component, indicated by focal-mechanism solutions of moderate and large earthquakes that have occurred in the İsmetpaşa-Kargı section of the NAFS. The DFZ is a ~36-km-long, ~N-S-trending strike-slip structure located in the area between Saçak village in the north and Kösrelik village in the south. Pre-Upper Pliocene rocks …

Tectonic Implications Of Some Cretaceous Pillow Basalts From The North Anatolian Ophiolitic Mélange(Central Anatolia-Turkey) To The Evolution Of Neotethys, Bora Rojay, Kenan M. Yaliniz, Demi̇r Altiner

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The most widespread blocks within the North Anatolian ophiolitic mélange of central Anatolia (Turkey) are ophiolitic fragments, Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate blocks and pillow basalts. The blocks of pillow basalts have an immobile trace-element geochemistry that is characteristic of ocean-island alkali basalts. An N-MORB-normalized spider diagram shows a distinctive enrichment of most incompatible trace elements and exhibits a far greater range of absolute abundances than N-MORB. Selected incompatible-element contents and ratios of basalts show high Ba/Nb (~8),low Zr/Nb(~5)and low La/Nb(~0.5)relative to N-MORB. The presence of thin-shelled \"Protoglobigerina\" and Cadosina associated with miliolids and epistominid foraminifers indicates that the age of the pink …

Post-Collisional Magmatism On The Northern Margin Of The Taurides And Its Geological Implications: Geology And Petrology Of The Yahyalı-Karamadazı Granitoid, Gonca Gençali̇oğlu Kuşcu, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu, İlkay Kuşcu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Karamadazı Granitoid (Yahyalı-Kayseri) is a typical example of bimodal magmatism on the northern margin of the Eastern Tauride belt. The Karamadazı Granitoid intrudes the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Yahyalı metamorphic rocks and is unconformably overlain by Upper Maastrichtian clastics. It consists of granodiorite-quartz diorite as the main intrusive phase, and includes leucogranites and aplitic dykes in its marginal parts. Samples from the Karamadazı Granitoid are calc-alkaline and calcic in character. The granodiorites are mainly metaluminous, whereas leucogranites and aplites are weakly peraluminous in nature. Plots of major-element oxides against SiO2 indicate a poor fractionation trend for the granodiorites. The leucogranites represent highly …

Geochemistry And Mineralogy Of The Skarns In The Çelebi District, Kırıkkale, Turkey, İlkay Kuşcu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Çelebi district is well known for its polymetallic Fe-W and Cu vein ores. These ores are hosted by calcic skarn zones, which are broadly classified as \"intrusive around skarn\" type. Both exoskarns (pyroxene-garnet) and endoskarns (epidote-pyroxene) occur in the district. The formation of endoskarns is manifested by complete replacement of plagioclase by epidote and pyroxene; the epidotized granitoids are regarded as incipient and/or early metasomatic products. The abundance of pyroxene in endoskarns tends to increase with plagioclase content and within the groundmass of the granitoids towards exoskarn zones. The increase in pyroxene is also coincident with the formation of …

A Proposal For A Method To Establish Natural-Hazard-Based Land-Use Planning: The Adapazarı Case Study, Alper Çabuk

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

As a result of recent disasters in northwest Turkey (Marmara earthquake August 17, 1999/Düzce earthquake November 12, 1999), many buildings collapsed and many people experienced physical and mental problems. We can suppose that the problems caused by these earthquakes will be solved in the future, but geological studies show that the problems will not disappear in that many scientists are predicting a new disaster that will affect the same region. A design of natural-hazard land-use planning for minimising the consequences of recent and possible earthquakes is presented herein. The Adapazarı case is used to demonstrate the fundamentals of this study. …